Sociology Final

The "bureaucratization" stage of a social movement

-3rd stage -successful social movement are eventually incorporated into institutions that become bureaucratized, and become social institutions

"Buy nothing day" might best be described as a what type of social movement?

-Adbusters- an anti consumerist group of founded in Vancouver in 1989, promotes Buy Nothing Day "as a day for society of examine the issue of over consumption" -Mobilizing resources? -Social change?

Social construction of health and illness

-Allows us to see how the meaning of disease can change overtime -"Figure out" the cause of diseases and produce new treatments every few years -Every new discovery changes our perception of illness (especially mental illness)

What do sociologists ask you to consider regarding health and illness?

How larger social forces help to shape this institution and your own experience of health or illness

Cultural Competence

The concept of acknowledging and incorporating a patient's culture back group as part of the treatment process; the recognition that patients' beliefs shape their approach to health care

Civil rights movement- why don't the poor participate in social movements more often?

The consequences of participation may be too high, and they may not have the resources necessary to join in

Cultural diffusion

The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another

Globalization

The increasing connections between economic, social, and political systems all over the globe

Cultural leveling

The process by which societies lose their uniqueness, becoming increasingly similar

Medicalization

The process by which some behaviors or conditions that were once seen as personal problems are redefined as medical issues

Bioethics

The study of controversial moral or ethical issues related to scientific and medial advancements

Social change

The transformation of a culture over time

Preventive medicine

Type of health care that aims to avoid or forestall the onset of disease by taking preventive measures, often including lifestyle changes

Palliative care

Type of health care that focuses on symptom and pain relief and providing a supportive environment for critically ill or dying patients, rather than fighting the illness or disease

Curative or Crisis medicine

Type of health care that treats the disease or condition once it has manifested

Cultural lag

the time between changes in material culture or technology and the resulting changes in the broader culture's relevant normals, values, meanings, and laws

What does the American Medical Association do?

-An organization that makes health recommendations on topics such as childhood obesity and cancer prevention to benefit the general public. -Physicians know AMA as a trade union that creates the rules and regulations governing medical licensure.

How did Marshal McLuhan believe that the world would turn into a "global village"?

-Describes the way that new communication technologies override barriers of space and time, joining together people all over the globe. -internet

What was the purpose of the 1965 Voting Rights act?

-Give colored people the right to vote (especially the colored women) -White women got the right to vote in 1919, but black women did not

Health and intersections of class, race, and gender (understand intersections- test scenarios)

-Men- Tend to work in more dangerous occupations and engage in more risky lifestyle behaviors than women. They are also more likely to avoid preventive health care regardless of their level of SES. In addition, men are more likely to get stokes and heart disease. -Women- More likely to suffer mental health disorders -Higher SES- Longer life expectancy, better access to preventive health care, cleaner neighborhoods, better nutrition accessible, and tend to feel well. -Lower SES- May have little regular access to health-care providers, have trouble affording prescriptions and treatments, less nutritious foods available, higher incidences of depression and other mental illness. -AA- higher rates of death and disease and a shorter life expectancy than whites. Less likely to be able to afford health insurance. -Hispanics- Less likely to be able to afford health insurance than whites. -Concierge medicine- Upper class can pay to have their own private doctor come to their house and treat them. This means no one will know they are feeling down/ have an illness if they don't want them to. PRIVACY

People with higher socioeconomic status can expect to live longer lives for all the following reasons- remember the intersection of health and SES.

-Nicer, cleaner neighborhoods -More access to preventative medicines -More likely to be able to afford health insurance -More likely to have access to more nutritious foods -Less likely to have stress lead them to participate in risky behaviors

Talcott Parsons and the sick role

-The actions and attitudes the society expects from someone who is ill -Being ill is deviant (functionalist), and that person is exempt from regular responsibilities. -By seeking out a physicians help (new responsibility) the person will no longer be deviant

Cosmopolitan social movement

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Health and the problems of food deserts (understand- test scenarios)

A community in which residents have little or no access to fresh, affordable, healthy foods, usually located in densely populated, urban areas

Alternative medicine

A group of medical treatments, practices, and products that are used instead of conventional western medicine

Complementary medicine

A group of medical treatments, practices, and products that can be used in conduction with conventional western medicine

Social dilemmas

A situation in which behavior that is rational for the individual can, when practiced by many people, lead to collective disaster

Crowd

A temporary gathering of individuals, whether spontaneous or planned, who share a common focus

Modernity

A term that characterizes industrialized societies, including the decline of tradition, an increase in individualism, and a belief in profess, technology, and science

Postmodernism

A term that characterizes postindustrial societies, including a focus on the production and management of information and skepticism of science and technology

Technological determinism

A theory of social change that assumes changes in technology drive changes in society, rather than vice versa

Relative deprivation theory (definition and be able to apply)

A theory of social movements that focuses on the action sod oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in the society

Resource mobilization theory (definition and be able to apply)

A theory of social movements that focuses on the practical constraints that help or hinder social movements' action

Public goods dilemma

A type of social dilemma in which individuals incur the cost to contribute to a collective resource, though they may never benefit from that resource

Tragedy of the commons

A type of social dilemma in which many individuals' overexploitation of a public resource depletes or degrades that common resource

Interest group

An organized group that tries to influence the government to adopt certain policies or procedures

Vector organisms

Animals like mosquitoes, ticks, and birds that carry and spread pathogens (germs or other infectious agents) in a given area

Collective behavior

Behavior that follows from the formation of a group or crowd of people who take action together toward a shared goal

People of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be scrutinized as problem drinkers or drug addicts. Which theory takes this approach to understanding addiction?

Conflict theory

Riot

Continuous disorderly behavior by a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed toward other people and/or property

Cultural imperialism

Cultural influence caused by adopting another culture's products

Chronic illness

Diseases that develop over a longer period of time and may not be detected until symptoms occur later in their progression

Acute illness

Diseases that have a sudden onset, may be briefly incapacitating, and are either curable or fatal

Fad

Interests or practices followed enthusiastically for a relatively short period of time

Pandemic

Occurs when a significantly higher number of cases of a disease also spreads through an especially large geographical region spanning many countries or even continents

Epidemic

Occurs when a significantly higher number of cases of a particular disease occur during a particular time period than might otherwise be expected

Contagion theory (apply the concepts to direct questions)

One of the earliest theories of collective action; suggested that individuals who joined a crowd could become "infected" by a mob mentality and love the ability to reason (bad)

Drugs an alcohol are used as an escape from the strains of the social system. Which theory takes this approach to understanding addiciton?

Structural functionalism

Epidemiologists

Study disease patterns to understand the cause of illnesses, how they are spread, and what interventions to take

Jorge has learned that he has a mental illness. Since then, he has begun to act according to the illness, in ways that he thinks other expect someone with a mental illness to act. Which one of the major theories would explain this?

Symbolic interactionism

Regressive or reactionary social movements

Term describing resistance to particular social changes, efforts to maintain the status quo, or attempts to reestablish an earlier form of social order

Integrative medicine

The combination of conventional medicine with complementary practices and treatments that have proven to be safe and effective

Deprivation amplification

When our individual disease risks (based on our heredity and physiology) are amplified by social factors. Example- AA is hereditarily more at risk of developing diabetes than a white person, and they are living in poverty. Eating unhealthy, fried, cheap foods will increase her risk of developing diabetes even more