sociology final
The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living at or below
$1.90/day
An increase in the cost of higher education across the nation is implemented to increase the number of tenured faculty and resources available to students. Though this is its intent, student drop-out rates also increase, the disparity between socioeconomic groups increases, and the number of retiring faculty members decreases. Which of the following can be argued using Merton's views of the functions of social structures?
1. Faculty members working past their "prime" is a manifest function of increasing the cost of higher education 2. The increase in student dropout rates is a latent function 3. The increase in socioeconomic divide is a social dysfunction
According to the bar graph viewed & discussed in class, in which year __________________ did we see a change in the percentage of women and men that are enrolled in college, leading to an increased number of degrees earned by women?
1980
What is the 2021 U.S. poverty line for a family of 4?
26,500
U.S. women in the labor force working full time earn __________________ on the dollar, compared to men working full time.
80 cents
Which racial/ethnic group is considered the "Model Minority"?
Asians
Which of the following is not a part of the CRAAP Test?
Currency- the economic foundation of the source
Which of the following groups would be considered an ethnic minority?
Ethopians
True/False: Status inconsistency is not likely in the United States.
False
Which of the following is an example of non-material culture in the United States?
Free Enterprise
In which state does the Minority Majority exist?
Hawaii
Every academic institution has an entity that monitors research to maintain ethical standards. What is that group called?
Institutional Review Board
In the Golden Girls clip, Blanche retorts, "Black Benjamin wasn't black, he was from
New Jersey
Which of the following is true of industrial societies?
Population is large; the nuclear family is the focus
The notion that people cannot feel or experience something they do not have a word for is explained by
Sapir-Whorf thesis
As discussed in class, _______________ is an example of a society where the majority (in number) of the population is clearly the minority.
South Africa
Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?
The Industrial Revolution
True/False: According to the graph provided in class, the gender pay gap increases as education increases.
True
The belief that one's own cultural values and practices are inferior to another is called
Xenocentrism
Gender is cultural and
a dimension of social organization
The form of social hierarchy in which a peasant must work a piece of land owned by the noble class is known as
an estate system
Young Muslim women who immigrate to the U.S. who choose to wear a t-shirt, jeans, and sandals but maintain traditional head gear (the hijab) is an example of
assimilation
While prejudice is a matter of ____________, discrimination is a matter of ____________.
attitude; action
Women have been able to circumvent male domination in the workplace by
becoming business owners
Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to
being defined as an "outsider"
The Marxist approach to culture views it as
being shaped by a society's system of economic production
The statement agreed upon by the Nacirema tribe that the mass execution of small children is acceptable, and even necessary, is an example of which element of culture?
beliefs
Manny lives in a village with a caste system. His social position is mostly a result of
birth, which family he was born into
Which job category tends to have lower prestige scores?
blue collar jobs
In the Peanuts cartoon (shown in class) Lucy yells at Linus for patting a bird on the head. This action is an example of
breaking a folkway
Conspicuous consumption is defined as
buying goods because of the statement they make about status
Assuming the majority group uses prejudice/discrimination as weapons of power in the domination of one or more subordinate minorities is reflects
conflict theory
In the Ghostbusters clip, Dr. Venkman uses electric shocks to examine the effects of negative reinforcement on ESP ability. In his experiment, ESP ability is the
dependent variable
Many foods that originated elsewhere have become a "normal" part of the daily meals of Americans through the process of
diffusion
After the collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2008, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. Many experienced
downward social mobility
________________________ comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered date, or experimentation
empirical evidence
The 1954 case, Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, is an example of the efforts to
end established institutional discrimination in the education system
In caste systems, the common marriage pattern is
endogamy
The Black Panthers, skinheads, and pagans are all examples of ___________________________ in the United States.
ethnicities
Stereotypes are
exaggerated descriptions applied to everyone in some category
Which theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?
functionalism
Which term refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and power between men & women in a society?
gender stratification
The extermination of millions of Jews and gypsies in Nazi ruled Germany is an example of
genocide
There are currently 37 women that are CEOs of Fortune 500 companies. This is the highest number though it only amounts to 7.4%. It is argued that the underrepresenation of female CEOs is due to the
glass ceiling
Jared is the only male nurse in the clinic. Though he received his BSN just 3 years ago, he has been promoted to a supervisory position. This reflects the concept of the
glass escalator
The most widely used data are gathered by ____________________.
government agencies
Lawd Humphries was criticized for which of the following?
his methods for identifying the men he observed in order to interview them later
According to Gerhard Lenski, which society is the only one that can be described as egalitarian?
hunting and gathering
C. Wright Mills pointed out that sociological awareness tends to be more widespread
in times of crisis
The process of red lining, a policy used by banks to deny mortgages to minorities, is an example of
institutional discrimination
Which theoretical perspective is of micro-level orientation?
interactionism
A sociologist who studies the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would more likely be using the __________________________ approach.
interactionist
Martha, a well-educated middle class woman, is the daughter of Mark and Brenda who are working class high school graduates. Martha's higher social class represents
intergenerational social mobility
Which of the following was a key finding from Durkheim's pioneering study on suicide, in relation to the likelihood of who commits suicide?
introduce the importance of social integration
"Pink-collar" work refers to
jobs dominated by women
After a group of research subjects is split into two groups, what is the next step in an experiment?
measure the dependent variable
Why are women so underrepresented in politics in America?
men and women are comfortable with maintaining the status quo
Which of the following is the largest and most diverse social class?
middle class
Brandy, a white female, is married to Leroy, a black male. Together they have a bi-racial daughter. This union is an example of
miscegenation
Which descriptive statistic is found by identifying the number that occurs most in the data set?
mode
If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______________________ theory to study the global economy.
modernization theory
Laud Humphreys conducted field research for his doctoral dissertation by observing the behaviors of men in bathrooms. This part of his research is more accurately categorized as an example of
nonparticipant observation
Which of the following is true of agrarian societies?
permanent settlements; high social inequality
According to Marx, the working class is the
proletariat
The activity completed in class in which students were asked to identify the racial category of individuals demonstrated that
race is a social construction
Through which type of research technique does a sociologist ensure that data are statistically representative of the population being studied?
random sampling
Which of the following illustrates a macro-level focus?
ranking of different ethnic groups in cities across America
________________________ reflects the way society is, based on what occurs/exists.
real culture
Marx believed that an individual's power reflects a person's
relationship to the means of production
Howard rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Howard is living in
relative poverty
The Doonesbury cartoon showing a conversation between a radio DJ and his dad about the results from a national survey on tobacco use is a reminder that
researchers must remove bias from the wording of survey questions
Redirecting blame for your own troubles, frustrations, or failures onto some convenient and less-feared target would be using a
scapegoat
The existence of separate schools, sitting areas, and bathrooms around the United States are all examples of
segregation
According the ASA's General Principles for Research designed to
serve as a guide for sociologists in determining ethical courses of action in various contexts
Which term refers to the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other?
sexism
Which theoretical perspective argues that society is a competitive area where groups struggle to gain more of the desired resources (money, power, property, etc.)?
social conflict
Emory Bogardus used the term ________________________ to refer to how closely people are willing to interact with members of an ethnic group.
social distance
The movement of individuals or groups within a stratification structure is referred to as
social mobility
Which term is defined as people who live in a specific territory and share culture?
society
Social stratification is concept that refers to
society ranking categories of people in a hiearchy
Using a ________________________, is understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context
sociological perspective
Which statement is not true?
stratification systems change from one generation to the next
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most apply? Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly.
structural functionalism
Sociology can be defined as the
systematic study of society and human social interaction
The Davis-Moore Thesis states
that the more society values a profession, the more the people in that profession will make
One of the disadvantages of participant observation is
the Hawthorne Effect
Which region in the United States is the poorest?
the South
The discussion in class regarding the change in beliefs and values of first-year college students of 1969 and 2015 highlighted
the importance of raising a family is on the rise among young men
Which of the following was a significant historical event that helped bring about the growth of the discipline of sociology?
the industrial revolution
The discussion in class about the global map, Average Childbirths per Woman around the world, highlighted
the influence of larger social factors on personal choice
Which of the following is not a true statement about symbols?
the meaning of artifacts, material symbols, stay the same across time
Which of the following is a symbolic interactionist approach to racial/ethnic group interaction?
the racial label only takes on meaning as a relationship
A person who is biologically female, but identifies as male and has begun hormone treatment is considered
transsexual
Interpretive sociologists seek what Max Weber calls "verstehen". What does this term mean?
understanding
Which social class ranking focuses more so on inherited wealth?
upper-upper class
___________________ refers to accuracy in measurement, while __________________ refers to consistency in measurement.
validity; reliability
In the article examining the Nacirema tribe, the description of the actions taken by men and women support the ______________ of the tribe.
values
The amount of money plus assets minus all outstanding debt is
wealth
Hoschild argues that the "second shift" is when
women came home from a full day of paid work to a another round of unpaid housework and childcare
Which of the following is not an example of violence against women found in nations around the world?
women's suffrage