sociology final

The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living at or below

$1.90/day

An increase in the cost of higher education across the nation is implemented to increase the number of tenured faculty and resources available to students. Though this is its intent, student drop-out rates also increase, the disparity between socioeconomic groups increases, and the number of retiring faculty members decreases. Which of the following can be argued using Merton's views of the functions of social structures?

1. Faculty members working past their "prime" is a manifest function of increasing the cost of higher education 2. The increase in student dropout rates is a latent function 3. The increase in socioeconomic divide is a social dysfunction

According to the bar graph viewed & discussed in class, in which year __________________ did we see a change in the percentage of women and men that are enrolled in college, leading to an increased number of degrees earned by women?

1980

What is the 2021 U.S. poverty line for a family of 4?

26,500

U.S. women in the labor force working full time earn __________________ on the dollar, compared to men working full time.

80 cents

Which racial/ethnic group is considered the "Model Minority"?

Asians

Which of the following is not a part of the CRAAP Test?

Currency- the economic foundation of the source

Which of the following groups would be considered an ethnic minority?

Ethopians

True/False: Status inconsistency is not likely in the United States.

False

Which of the following is an example of non-material culture in the United States?

Free Enterprise

In which state does the Minority Majority exist?

Hawaii

Every academic institution has an entity that monitors research to maintain ethical standards. What is that group called?

Institutional Review Board

In the Golden Girls clip, Blanche retorts, "Black Benjamin wasn't black, he was from

New Jersey

Which of the following is true of industrial societies?

Population is large; the nuclear family is the focus

The notion that people cannot feel or experience something they do not have a word for is explained by

Sapir-Whorf thesis

As discussed in class, _______________ is an example of a society where the majority (in number) of the population is clearly the minority.

South Africa

Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?

The Industrial Revolution

True/False: According to the graph provided in class, the gender pay gap increases as education increases.

True

The belief that one's own cultural values and practices are inferior to another is called

Xenocentrism

Gender is cultural and

a dimension of social organization

The form of social hierarchy in which a peasant must work a piece of land owned by the noble class is known as

an estate system

Young Muslim women who immigrate to the U.S. who choose to wear a t-shirt, jeans, and sandals but maintain traditional head gear (the hijab) is an example of

assimilation

While prejudice is a matter of ____________, discrimination is a matter of ____________.

attitude; action

Women have been able to circumvent male domination in the workplace by

becoming business owners

Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to

being defined as an "outsider"

The Marxist approach to culture views it as

being shaped by a society's system of economic production

The statement agreed upon by the Nacirema tribe that the mass execution of small children is acceptable, and even necessary, is an example of which element of culture?

beliefs

Manny lives in a village with a caste system. His social position is mostly a result of

birth, which family he was born into

Which job category tends to have lower prestige scores?

blue collar jobs

In the Peanuts cartoon (shown in class) Lucy yells at Linus for patting a bird on the head. This action is an example of

breaking a folkway

Conspicuous consumption is defined as

buying goods because of the statement they make about status

Assuming the majority group uses prejudice/discrimination as weapons of power in the domination of one or more subordinate minorities is reflects

conflict theory

In the Ghostbusters clip, Dr. Venkman uses electric shocks to examine the effects of negative reinforcement on ESP ability. In his experiment, ESP ability is the

dependent variable

Many foods that originated elsewhere have become a "normal" part of the daily meals of Americans through the process of

diffusion

After the collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2008, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. Many experienced

downward social mobility

________________________ comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered date, or experimentation

empirical evidence

The 1954 case, Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, is an example of the efforts to

end established institutional discrimination in the education system

In caste systems, the common marriage pattern is

endogamy

The Black Panthers, skinheads, and pagans are all examples of ___________________________ in the United States.

ethnicities

Stereotypes are

exaggerated descriptions applied to everyone in some category

Which theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?

functionalism

Which term refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and power between men & women in a society?

gender stratification

The extermination of millions of Jews and gypsies in Nazi ruled Germany is an example of

genocide

There are currently 37 women that are CEOs of Fortune 500 companies. This is the highest number though it only amounts to 7.4%. It is argued that the underrepresenation of female CEOs is due to the

glass ceiling

Jared is the only male nurse in the clinic. Though he received his BSN just 3 years ago, he has been promoted to a supervisory position. This reflects the concept of the

glass escalator

The most widely used data are gathered by ____________________.

government agencies

Lawd Humphries was criticized for which of the following?

his methods for identifying the men he observed in order to interview them later

According to Gerhard Lenski, which society is the only one that can be described as egalitarian?

hunting and gathering

C. Wright Mills pointed out that sociological awareness tends to be more widespread

in times of crisis

The process of red lining, a policy used by banks to deny mortgages to minorities, is an example of

institutional discrimination

Which theoretical perspective is of micro-level orientation?

interactionism

A sociologist who studies the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would more likely be using the __________________________ approach.

interactionist

Martha, a well-educated middle class woman, is the daughter of Mark and Brenda who are working class high school graduates. Martha's higher social class represents

intergenerational social mobility

Which of the following was a key finding from Durkheim's pioneering study on suicide, in relation to the likelihood of who commits suicide?

introduce the importance of social integration

"Pink-collar" work refers to

jobs dominated by women

After a group of research subjects is split into two groups, what is the next step in an experiment?

measure the dependent variable

Why are women so underrepresented in politics in America?

men and women are comfortable with maintaining the status quo

Which of the following is the largest and most diverse social class?

middle class

Brandy, a white female, is married to Leroy, a black male. Together they have a bi-racial daughter. This union is an example of

miscegenation

Which descriptive statistic is found by identifying the number that occurs most in the data set?

mode

If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______________________ theory to study the global economy.

modernization theory

Laud Humphreys conducted field research for his doctoral dissertation by observing the behaviors of men in bathrooms. This part of his research is more accurately categorized as an example of

nonparticipant observation

Which of the following is true of agrarian societies?

permanent settlements; high social inequality

According to Marx, the working class is the

proletariat

The activity completed in class in which students were asked to identify the racial category of individuals demonstrated that

race is a social construction

Through which type of research technique does a sociologist ensure that data are statistically representative of the population being studied?

random sampling

Which of the following illustrates a macro-level focus?

ranking of different ethnic groups in cities across America

________________________ reflects the way society is, based on what occurs/exists.

real culture

Marx believed that an individual's power reflects a person's

relationship to the means of production

Howard rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Howard is living in

relative poverty

The Doonesbury cartoon showing a conversation between a radio DJ and his dad about the results from a national survey on tobacco use is a reminder that

researchers must remove bias from the wording of survey questions

Redirecting blame for your own troubles, frustrations, or failures onto some convenient and less-feared target would be using a

scapegoat

The existence of separate schools, sitting areas, and bathrooms around the United States are all examples of

segregation

According the ASA's General Principles for Research designed to

serve as a guide for sociologists in determining ethical courses of action in various contexts

Which term refers to the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other?

sexism

Which theoretical perspective argues that society is a competitive area where groups struggle to gain more of the desired resources (money, power, property, etc.)?

social conflict

Emory Bogardus used the term ________________________ to refer to how closely people are willing to interact with members of an ethnic group.

social distance

The movement of individuals or groups within a stratification structure is referred to as

social mobility

Which term is defined as people who live in a specific territory and share culture?

society

Social stratification is concept that refers to

society ranking categories of people in a hiearchy

Using a ________________________, is understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

sociological perspective

Which statement is not true?

stratification systems change from one generation to the next

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most apply? Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly.

structural functionalism

Sociology can be defined as the

systematic study of society and human social interaction

The Davis-Moore Thesis states

that the more society values a profession, the more the people in that profession will make

One of the disadvantages of participant observation is

the Hawthorne Effect

Which region in the United States is the poorest?

the South

The discussion in class regarding the change in beliefs and values of first-year college students of 1969 and 2015 highlighted

the importance of raising a family is on the rise among young men

Which of the following was a significant historical event that helped bring about the growth of the discipline of sociology?

the industrial revolution

The discussion in class about the global map, Average Childbirths per Woman around the world, highlighted

the influence of larger social factors on personal choice

Which of the following is not a true statement about symbols?

the meaning of artifacts, material symbols, stay the same across time

Which of the following is a symbolic interactionist approach to racial/ethnic group interaction?

the racial label only takes on meaning as a relationship

A person who is biologically female, but identifies as male and has begun hormone treatment is considered

transsexual

Interpretive sociologists seek what Max Weber calls "verstehen". What does this term mean?

understanding

Which social class ranking focuses more so on inherited wealth?

upper-upper class

___________________ refers to accuracy in measurement, while __________________ refers to consistency in measurement.

validity; reliability

In the article examining the Nacirema tribe, the description of the actions taken by men and women support the ______________ of the tribe.

values

The amount of money plus assets minus all outstanding debt is

wealth

Hoschild argues that the "second shift" is when

women came home from a full day of paid work to a another round of unpaid housework and childcare

Which of the following is not an example of violence against women found in nations around the world?

women's suffrage