Sociology fourteenth edition Chapter 1 test notes

According to sociologists, human behavior is the product of "free will."

False

Every social structure is useful, or functional, in a positive sense for the operation of society.

False

Sociologists should make use of only one theoretical approach.

False

The sociological perspective reveals that people's lives are mostly a result of what they decide to do.

False

What might a sociologist say about why an individual chooses a particular person to marry?

This shows that society guides human behavior

One consequence of living in a low-income country for women is, on average, having more children than women living in high-income nations.

True

The sociologist who stated that the point is not just to understand the world but to change it was Karl Marx.

True

Three roommates are in their dorm room sharing a late-night discussion about why they are in college. A sociological look at this issue might point to the importance of

age, because college students tend to be young adults. class, because college students tend to come from families with above-average incomes. which country we live in, because going to college is far more common in higher-income nations. d. All of the above are correct.

The social-conflict approach is sometimes criticized for

being clearly political.

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages

challenging commonly held beliefs.

Historically, the sociological perspective was most likely to develop in

countries experiencing rapid social changes.

Peter Berger described using the sociological perspective as seeing the __________ in the __________.

general; particular

In his study of prison behavior, Philip Zimbardo was trying to learn

if prisons themselves create violence

Using which of the following methods would a researcher be most likely to reveal information about herself to her subjects?

interviews

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of the social structure are called

latent functions

In Barbara Ehrenreich's study of low-wage work, she concluded that

many low-wage workers feel unworthy, even to the point of not trying.

By saying that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that this point of view

rejects the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives.

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?

sociology

Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?

survey

Which of the following phrases best describes the focus of the structural-functional approach?

the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society

The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is

the reality people construct as they interact with one another.

Which of the following illustrates a micro-level focus?

two airplane passengers getting to know one another

From a sociological perspective, patterns of childbearing around the world suggest that the number of children born to a woman reflects

whether she lives in a poor or rich society.

All but one the following historical changes stimulated the development of the discipline of sociology. Which one did NOT?

the spread of the Roman Catholic religion

Which of the following is generally true of researchers setting out to conduct fieldwork?

x Researchers may begin with few specific hypotheses. x Researchers plan to be flexible about how they will do their research. x Researchers must be both "insiders" and "outsiders" at the same time. d. All of the above are correct