Sociology Quiz #4 ANSWERS

Feminist scholars who analyze the family often refer to the second shift. Which of the following scenarios best captures the meaning of this phrase?

A female social worker returns home from work to drive her children to soccer practice, prepares dinner, and completes a load of laundry

What is one key advantage that African American families headed by women have over white families headed by women?

African American families headed by women have more extended kinship relationships

The largest religion in the world is:

Christianity

What is one trend that is apparent with respect to cohabitation?

Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is increasing in many other countries as well as in the United States

The major world religion that contains elements of polytheism is:

Hinduism

The second-largest and fastest growing religion in the world is:

Islamism

The person who called religion the "opiate of the masses" was:

Karl Marx

The theorist who saw religion as a potential source of social transformation was:

Max Weber

Who wrote "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"?

Max Weber

Which of the following questions about religion is sociological?

What are its principal beliefs and values?

What is the definition of civil religion?

a set of religious beliefs through which a society interprets its own history in light of some conception of ultimate reality

Because religions provide a major source of norms and values, sociologists understand them to be:

a significant source of social solidarity

According to Karl Marx, capitalism reduces many people's work to dull, uninteresting tasks, over which workers have no influence or control. He referred to this situation and the feelings it engendered as:

alienation

Karl marx argues that workers in capitalist societies:

are dehumanized by tedious and demanding labor processes over which they have no control

Mike is from an upper-middle class home and has the benefit of extracurricular activities and the latest technology. He is a good student, but does not have an exemplary record. Sara is a bright and energetic student who loves math and science. her grades are strong, but they would be better if she had more time and resources. She has limited access to a computer and often has to care for her younger siblings while her mother is at work. Sociologically speaking, in comparison to Sara, according to Bourdieu's theory, Mike possesses more:

cultural capital

The position considered to be in a high-trust system is:

engineer

Your best friend lives with her mother and father, her two sisters, and her grandmother and aunt, all in the same household! A sociologist would refer to this as a/an ___________ family

extended

The stage of corporate capitalism that is dominated by large firms run by individual entrepreneurs or their family members and passed on to their descendants is:

family capitalism

The dominant type of corporate capitalism today is:

global capitalism

Jonathan Kozol's (1991) study of American schools found that:

high levels of segregation within schools and great inequalities between them exist

Bob works for a marketing company and travels regularly for his job. His work schedule is flexible, and he works on his own projects. This company uses the type of managerial system known as:

high-trust system

According to Karl Marx, religious beliefs can provide justifications for those people who are:

in a position of power

The stage of corporate capitalism based on the practice of corporations owning shares in other firms with interlocking directories is referred to as:

institutional capitalism

A characteristic of post-Fordism is having:

job insecurity

Connections between individuals who are blood relatives that are established either through marriage or the lines of descent are known as:

kinship

Rena and her husband are starting a family and decide to move closer to either her or his own family. Rena's family lives on the West Coast, but her husband's family lives on the East Coast. If Rena and her husband decide to move to the West Coast, what would their decision be considered in the context of family?

matrilocal

Belief in a single, all-knowing, all-powerful god is called:

monotheism

When we refer to our family of orientation, we are also referring to:

our parents and siblings (if any)

In some societies, women are allowed to have more than one male spouse at the same time. This arrangement is referred to as:

polyandry

Capitalism is characterized as:

private ownership and open competition

Sociologists explain the appeal of religion in terms of:

problems of the social order that threaten a person's sense of well-being

Which of the following is NOT an element of religion

profane

As a process of assimilation, schooling and its focus on an "official" curriculum - common language and the facts of a common history and geography:

promote a sense of nationalism and an affinity among societal members

What was the name of the system developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, in which mass production is tied to the cultivation of mass markets?

scientific management

Which of the following is NOT a measure of secularization?

share of religious unaffiliated

Annette Lareau found that children of middle-class parents tend to have a sense of entitlement, while those of lower-class parents tended to have a sense of constraint. Her work tells us that the nature of different child-rearing practices is contingent on:

social class

Emotional intelligence is defined as:

the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself or others

Secularization is:

the diminished influence and power of religion in society

Henry Ford paid his workers well. He did this to ensure compliance in the workforce and:

to enable workers to afford to buy the products they made

The practice of dividing students into groups that receive different instruction on the basis of assumed similarities in their ability or attainment is called:

tracking

A stereotype threat occurs:

when people believe they are being judged not as individuals but as members of a group

Taylorism resulted in:

workers' loss of control over knowledge of the production process