Sociology Quizes 1-8

What is social status? A socially defined role for an individual in society A law of society A norm of society A socially defined position of an individual in society

A socially defined position of an individual in society

What is an achieved status? It is assigned at birth. It is chosen or earned. It is documented in writing. It is salaried.

It is chosen or earned.

What does the U.S. core value of achievement and success mean? Believing in personal responsibility Stressing personal achievement Knowing the difference between right and wrong Evaluating people based on group performance and placement

Stressing personal achievement

What does stratification refer to? Individual inability to succeed Structural ranking of people according to their possession of scarce resources Structural ranking of people according to their abilities Distribution of scarce goods and resources

Structural ranking of people according to their possession of scarce resources

What does a disregard for history indicate? Cultural relativism Temperocentrism Ethnocentrism Xenocentrism

Temperocentrism

Social groups are important in whose lives? The lives of all people The lives of all people except for very young children The lives of people who like to aggregate The lives of the socially adept. but not of those who are isolated

The lives of all people

What did Cooley call the process of self-development and awareness? The looking-glass self The generalized other The significant other The role taken and internalized

The looking-glass self

What is operationalization? The process of doing field research The process of making an abstract concept measurable The process of analyzing data using a computer program The process of doing phone interviewing

The process of making an abstract concept measurable

What are beliefs? Ideas of what a culture sees as right and wrong Views about the importance of conformity Views people share about what is true or what really exists Ideas about the importance of religion

Views people share about what is true or what really exists

Which of the following do sociologists argue about how human behavior is learned? We are born with a genetic program for behavior. We socially interact with humans. We develop biologically into humans whether we interact or not. Society controls our movements.

We socially interact with humans.

According to Weber, what is the basis of social class? Wealth and life chances that allow the possibility to acquire wealth Family prestige Country in which a person was born A person's religion

Wealth and life chances that allow the possibility to acquire wealth

Stratification ________ as societies grow in wealth and become more complex. decreases stays constant increases is not affected

increases

In its totality, sociology can be regarded as the study of _________ that influence us. Economics Politics Social Work Social forces

social forces

A preference for foreign automobiles over American automobiles is an example of ______. cultural relativism temperocentrism ethnocentrism xenocentrism

xenocentrism

When one variable is affected by another one it is called the ________ variable. valid independent dependent reliable

dependent

When researchers try to find the cause of health problems like high blood pressure, these problems are considered the ______ variable. valid independent dependent reliable

dependent

What do income, education, and occupation measure? A person's level of refinement A person's status A person's power A person's socioeconomic status

A person's socioeconomic status

What is a social role? The socially defined position an individual occupies A set of expected behaviors A script in a play Legal restrictions on behavior

A set of expected behaviors

What does the U.S. core value of freedom mean? Believing in the right to pursue our goals With hard work, our money can be used to buy houses, cars and other material possessions Believing in the American system Believing that everyone should adhere to similarity and uniformity in speech, manners, housing, dress, recreation, politically expressed ideas, and group patterns

Believing in the right to pursue our goals

What are sociobiologists? Biologists who study the genetic basis of human behavior Sociologists who study the social basis of society Psychologists who are social specialists Sexologists that study learned behavior

Biologists who study the genetic basis of human behavior

How do we learn human behavior? Genetically Through biology By interacting with others Through reading

By interacting with others

The work of sociologists is very similar to that of _____. Economists Cultural anthropologists Political scientists Historians

Cultural anthropologists

If Americans feel confused, dumbfounded, and outraged while visiting a foreign country, what are they experiencing? Cultural relativism Culture shock Ethnocentrism Xenocentrism

Culture shock

Political science primarily studies ________. Governmental power National financial affairs The acquisition of knowledge Social problems

Governmental power

What is one of the first things researchers need to do before doing research? Identify the problems or questions that need to be studied Project the findings that result from the study Determine whether the research will be used to better society or as a waste of money Determine if the study will be able to be published

Identify the problems or questions that need to be studied

Suicide rates in the U.S. are higher for which of the following groups? Blacks more than whites Males more than females Christians more than non-Christians Females more than males

Males more than females

Initially, children take the role of which of the following? Only one person at a time As multiple people at the same time Serially, one person then another then another, etc. The "I" and "me"

Only one person at a time

According to sociologists, why do children develop slowly when they are isolated? They have not been properly fed. They have not been stimulated with human interaction. They are intellectually disabled from birth. They develop physical disabilities.

They have not been stimulated with human interaction.

In sociology, what is the context in which people can be understood? Through the individual psyches of members of a society. Through the genetic makeup of all members of a society. Through their contacts, associations, and communications with other people. Through their personal biographies.

Through their contacts, associations, and communications with other people.

Why do researchers review the literature? To be scholarly To relate their own research to past and/or current research To take time off from the research they are conducting To steal ideas from others who have already done research

To relate their own research to past and/or current research

What is inequality? Unequal distribution of resources Unequal distribution of people Unequal distribution of power Unequal achievement in the workplace

Unequal distribution of resources

Which of the following is an example of an assigned status? Woman Parent Teacher Coach

Woman

Sociology is a pure science, and social work is ___________ science. an applied a social a physical also a pure

an applied

A status given at birth is ________ status. a stationary a master an ascribed an achieved

an ascribed

Best friends form ______ groups. reference aggregate primary secondary

primary

Ideas shared by members of a society about what is important and worthwhile are _____. values norms folkways laws

values