Sociology - Real World - Ch 12: Family Issues

family

A social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three (page 358)

polygyny

A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives (page 359)

they desire power over their victim

Why do most abusive partners resort to domestic abuse?

cohabitation

Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple (page 375)

fictive kin

Close relations with people we consider "like family" but who are not related to us by blood or marriage (page 362)

Single fathers are still only about 10 percent of all single parents.

In "Single Fathers Rearing Children," Geoffrey Greif points out that "more fathers are rearing children alone following separation and divorce than ever before" and that, even in the 1980s, there were more than 600,000 single fathers. However what important disclaimer do you think Greif made?

structural functionalist

In Japan some are worried that the large number of families with only one child is producing a whole generation of shy, introverted men who have little interest in consumption or material success, which might threaten the whole basis for Japanese society. What sort of theoretical perspective on the family is this concern based on?

endogamy

In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of:

homogamy

JDate is a website that helps Jewish men and women, especially those who aren't practicing Jews or who live in areas where there aren't many other Jews, form romantic relationships. What do Jewish people who use this website care about?

homogamy

JDate, a dating website for Jewish people, is sometimes used by non-Jews who are very interested in dating Jews. These non-Jews will tend to decrease:

neglect

Sometimes child welfare agencies are called to investigate a child who never seems to have clean clothing and is very skinny. The suspicion would be that the child is a victim of:

a blended family

The Brady Bunch was an American sitcom that originally aired in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and was about a large family, produced when Mike Brady, an architect with three boys, married Carol Martin, who had three girls. In both cases, the children were from previous marriages. This makes the Brady family an example of:

propinquity

The increasing number of Americans who move out of state to attend college will decrease the importance of ____________, assuming that students start new romantic relationships in school.

custody

The physical and legal responsibility of caring for children; assigned by a court for divorced or unmarried parents (page 375)

instrumental tasks

The practical physical tasks necessary to maintain family life (page 364)

monogamy

The practice of marrying (or being in a relationship with) one person at a time (page 359)

That so many children are willing to live with their parents again suggests they have closer relationships with parents than previous generations did.

Today many college graduates find themselves unable to afford the costs of living on their own and, at least temporarily, live with their parents again. Although there is still a certain amount of stigma directed at people who live with their parents after college, what good news about families can we take from this trend?

when they are nonwhite

Under what circumstances are parents more likely to have joint custody of their children after a divorce?

exogamy

Until recently South Korea had laws in place banning marriage between people who belonged to the same clan. This means that they practiced:

endogamy

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?

supermoms

What does Arlie Hochschild call mothers who accept the dual workloads of paid labor at work and unpaid labor at home without any help?

the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age

What factors are involved in forming relationships and selecting mates?

It makes geographic mobility much easier.

What feature of the nuclear family, as opposed to the extended family, makes it uniquely qualified to serve the needs of an industrial economy?

it goes down

What happens to marital satisfaction when children are born?

the Industrial Revolution

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?

boomerang kid

What term applies to a child who leaves home at 18, but later returns for at least a short period of time?

Increasingly both marriage and the family are less central to the lives of average Americans

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life. How does this compare to the way that people really live?

working class mothers

Despite the fact that they've received very little attention, to whom has Hochschild's concept of the "supermom" always been applicable to?

intentional communities

Groups that form communal living arrangements like communes, monasteries, ashrams, and housing cooperatives are called:

even within the same family, children are socialized differently from their siblings.

Jeni and Tim are siblings. Jeni is four years older than Tim, so even though they never attended high school together, Tim had to deal with almost every teacher saying, "So you're Jeni's little brother!" Jeni and Tim's parents were deeply shocked when they caught Jeni drinking, so they watch Tim very closely. This is evidence that:

incest

Proscribed sexual contact between family members; a form of child abuse when it occurs between a child and a caregiver (page 372)

kin

Relatives or relations, usually those related by common descent (page 358)

expressive tasks

The emotional work necessary to support family members (page 364)

antimiscegenation

The prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual interaction (page 359)

Brave New Families: Stories of Domestic Upheaval in Late-Twentieth-Century America

The sociologist Judith Stacey's Brave New Families explored the ways that families adapted to meet the challenges of a postmodern society by creating new and innovative family structures that looked very different from the "traditional" family. Which of the following would you think was the full title of Stacey's book?

homogamy

The tendency to choose romantic partners who are similar to us in terms of class, race, religion, education, or other social group membership (page 363)

cycle of violence

A common behavior pattern in abusive relationships; the cycle begins happily, then the relationship grows tense, and the tension explodes in abuse, followed by a period of contrition that allows the cycle to repeat (page 372)

neglect

A form of child abuse in which the caregiver fails to provide adequate nutrition, sufficient clothing or shelter, or hygienic and safe living conditions (page 372)

extended family

A large group of relatives, usually including at least three generations living either in one household or in close proximity (page 358)

polygamy

A system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a time (page 359)

polyandry

A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands (page 359)

polyamory

A system of multiple-person partnership (page 359)

A baby is a symbol of belonging, and motherhood can lead to respect from one's community.

According to the 2005 study by Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas, which of the following is a reason that young women of low socioeconomic status have children?

the family does not exist, only families

According to the symbolic interactionists Jay Gubrium and Jim Holstein, what form does the family take in contemporary society?

Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do.

Although all young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties, considerably more men move back in with their parents than women. Why?

all possible answers are correct

Although the family always influences its members, it is not always a very consistent influence because:

all of these answers are correct

Although the family always influences its members, it is not always a very consistent influence because: a. changes outside the family impact its members. b. inequality between siblings changes the way that each child is socialized. c. birth order changes the family experience. d. divorce and remarriage can radically alter the way a family socializes its members at different points in time.

Increasingly both marriage and the family are less central to the lives of average Americans.

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life. How does this compare to the way that people really live?

a family member

An individual is most likely to be murdered by:

intentional community

Any of a variety of groups who form communal living arrangements outside marriage (page 378)

domestic violence

Any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims (page 369)

33 percent

Approximately what percentage of women in the United States will suffer physical violence at the hands of a romantic partner at some point in their adult lives?

the second shift

Arlie Hochschild's study of two-income families found that women were much more likely to do the majority of the unpaid labor inside the home even after a full day's work outside the home. What term is used to describe this extra labor?

everyone

As an agent of socialization, who does the family influence?

an intentional community

Brook Farm was an experimental utopian community in Massachusetts. Founded in the nineteenth century by Unitarians and transcendentalists, the farm consisted of a group of people who lived communally and worked together for the greater good of the community. What was Brook Farm?

Children of divorced parents today are considerably less likely to divorce than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.

How are children of divorced parents today different from children of divorced parents in the 1970s?

Women live an average of almost 6 years longer than men.

How do male and female life expectancies compare in the Unites States today?

The abusive partner is charming, attentive, and thoughtful.

How do most abusive relationships look at the beginning?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"?

It makes the gendered division of labor more traditional.

How does the birth of children change the gendered division of labor within the household?

an interdependent social group bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties

How would a sociologist define 'family'?

he way that white country music and black blues music came together to make rock and rol

If a music critic used the term "miscegenation" metaphorically, what would they call "musical miscegenation"?

the way that white country music and black blues music came together to make rock and roll

If a music critic used the term "miscegenation" metaphorically, what would they call "musical miscegenation"?

exogamy

Marriage to someone from a different social group (page 359)

endogamy

Marriage to someone within one's social group (page 359)

people still have children

The television show Leave It to Beaver depicted a family that clearly followed the dominant model of the 1950s. There were two married parents in a household with two boys who were cared for by their mother while their father worked to support the family. What element of this model is still dominant today?

propinquity

The tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity (page 363)

second shift

The unpaid housework and childcare often expected of women after they return home from doing paid labor in the workforce (page 365)

Mothers often valued other mothers' opinions about child rearing over the opinions of their own children's fathers.

What was true of parenting in the nineteenth century and earlier?

three unrelated elderly women who buy a house together and depend on one another for material and emotional support

What would NOT be a family as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau?

two men who enter a business partnership in which one runs a retail outlet while the other produces products to sell in it

What would NOT be a family as sociologists define the term?

The relative has not exercised her rights or fulfilled her obligations as a family member.

When an individual describes someone who is related to them biologically as "not really kin," what are they saying?

the abusive partner seeks help or goes to counseling

Which of the following is NOT part of the cycle of domestic violence, as it typically plays out?

the presence of children

Which of the following seems to make people more likely to define a group as a family?

join a gym

Which of the following things is a child likely to convince a parent to do?

I have anger management problems

Which statement is least likely to come from a perpetrator of domestic violence?

women

Who is more likely to return home after a full day of paid labor and then have to put in a "second shift" at home taking care of domestic work?

the victims are relatively powerless

Why are child and elder abuse likely to go unreported?

There has been an increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples.

Why are remarriage rates lower today than they were in the 1960s?

They desire power over their victim.

Why do most abusive partners resort to domestic abuse?

They want the definition to be broad enough to encompass a variety of living arrangements.

Why do the authors of your textbook reject definitions of family that depend on particular types of people (like parents) and specific types of ties (like marriage)?