Sociology study guide chapter 5,7,9,11

Family (or guardians)

For most people, the first agent of socialization we encounter in our lives.

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?

Family

how many wealth is the is the 1% whole

1/3

how many people in the united states are victims of hate crimes

195,000

discrimination

prejudiced action against a group of people. can be based on age, region, health, and other indicators. action on the prejudice thinking.

main issue studying global inequality

As industrialized nations became rich, other nations became poor.the concentration of resources in certain nations, significantly affecting the opportunities of individuals in poorer and less powerful countries

hate crime

Attacks based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. examples the KKK

what main issue is consider global social inequality?

Inconsistency in culture

situations as not real, they are real in their consequences

Thomas theorem

strain theory

a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals Robert Merton A lack of ways to reach socially accepted goals by accepted methods.

violate crime

also known as "crimes against a person") are based on the use of force or the threat of force. Rape, murder, and armed robbery fall under this category.

Meritocracy

an ideal system in which personal effort—or merit—determines social standing.

Police

are a civil force in charge of enforcing laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

prejudice

biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people. thoughts based flawed assumptions feeling and attitudes that someone holds about a group of people

racial steering

examples of institutional racism is racial steering in which real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhood based on their race

Socializing child in a general means

girl or boys suppose to play with certain toys. most the parents probably did thing to help you general your gender .

1. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:

how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

there is no upper/ downward mobility

in a close system (caste system)

what factor play in a person position on a social Stratification what factors we look at and place the social scale?

income, wealth, power, occupation prestige, schooling

downward mobility

indicates a lowering of one's social class. Some people move downward because of business setbacks, unemployment, or illness. Dropping out of school, losing a job, or getting a divorce may result in a loss of income or status

court

is a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

primary deviance

is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. Speeding is a deviant act, but receiving a speeding ticket generally does not make others view you as a bad person, nor does it alter your own self-concept

social construction of race

is not real there is no evidence of blood test that determine what race you are society tells us not biology

who works Social Stratification conflict theory

karl marx

the corrections system

more commonly known as the prison system, is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense

secondary deviance

occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. consider a high school student who often cuts class and gets into fights.The student is reprimanded frequently by teachers and school staff, and soon enough, he develops a reputation as a "troublemaker." As a result, the student starts acting out even more and breaking more rules; he has adopted the "troublemaker" label and embraced this deviant identity.

Upward mobility

refers to an increase—or upward shift—in social class. In the United States, people applaud the rags-to-riches achievements of celebrities like Jennifer Lopez or Michael Jordan.

natural

the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development

what fact is consider in a person standard of living?

the level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class in order to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle. based on factors such as income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability. Because standard of living is closely related to quality of life, it can represent factors such as the ability to afford a home, own a car, and take vacations

socialization

the lifelong process wherein people come to understand societal norms an exception to accept society beliefs and to be made aware of societal values.

segregation

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social function.

the branches of criminals justice system

the police, the courts, and the corrections system that respond to alleged violations of the law.

resocialization

the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place

what is deviance?

the recognizes violation of cultural and social norms. crime, the violation of a society formally enacted criminal law .

social control

the regulation and enforcement of norms.

nurture

the relationships and caring that surround us. shaped by society, family peers, work place. Others argue that who we are is based entirely in genetics.

white privilege

the taken- for-granted advantages white people have over non-white.