Sociology study guide chapter 5,7,9,11
Family (or guardians)
For most people, the first agent of socialization we encounter in our lives.
Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
Family
how many wealth is the is the 1% whole
1/3
how many people in the united states are victims of hate crimes
195,000
discrimination
prejudiced action against a group of people. can be based on age, region, health, and other indicators. action on the prejudice thinking.
main issue studying global inequality
As industrialized nations became rich, other nations became poor.the concentration of resources in certain nations, significantly affecting the opportunities of individuals in poorer and less powerful countries
hate crime
Attacks based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. examples the KKK
what main issue is consider global social inequality?
Inconsistency in culture
situations as not real, they are real in their consequences
Thomas theorem
strain theory
a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals Robert Merton A lack of ways to reach socially accepted goals by accepted methods.
violate crime
also known as "crimes against a person") are based on the use of force or the threat of force. Rape, murder, and armed robbery fall under this category.
Meritocracy
an ideal system in which personal effort—or merit—determines social standing.
Police
are a civil force in charge of enforcing laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level
prejudice
biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people. thoughts based flawed assumptions feeling and attitudes that someone holds about a group of people
racial steering
examples of institutional racism is racial steering in which real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhood based on their race
Socializing child in a general means
girl or boys suppose to play with certain toys. most the parents probably did thing to help you general your gender .
1. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:
how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
there is no upper/ downward mobility
in a close system (caste system)
what factor play in a person position on a social Stratification what factors we look at and place the social scale?
income, wealth, power, occupation prestige, schooling
downward mobility
indicates a lowering of one's social class. Some people move downward because of business setbacks, unemployment, or illness. Dropping out of school, losing a job, or getting a divorce may result in a loss of income or status
court
is a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.
primary deviance
is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. Speeding is a deviant act, but receiving a speeding ticket generally does not make others view you as a bad person, nor does it alter your own self-concept
social construction of race
is not real there is no evidence of blood test that determine what race you are society tells us not biology
who works Social Stratification conflict theory
karl marx
the corrections system
more commonly known as the prison system, is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense
secondary deviance
occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. consider a high school student who often cuts class and gets into fights.The student is reprimanded frequently by teachers and school staff, and soon enough, he develops a reputation as a "troublemaker." As a result, the student starts acting out even more and breaking more rules; he has adopted the "troublemaker" label and embraced this deviant identity.
Upward mobility
refers to an increase—or upward shift—in social class. In the United States, people applaud the rags-to-riches achievements of celebrities like Jennifer Lopez or Michael Jordan.
natural
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
what fact is consider in a person standard of living?
the level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class in order to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle. based on factors such as income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability. Because standard of living is closely related to quality of life, it can represent factors such as the ability to afford a home, own a car, and take vacations
socialization
the lifelong process wherein people come to understand societal norms an exception to accept society beliefs and to be made aware of societal values.
segregation
the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social function.
the branches of criminals justice system
the police, the courts, and the corrections system that respond to alleged violations of the law.
resocialization
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place
what is deviance?
the recognizes violation of cultural and social norms. crime, the violation of a society formally enacted criminal law .
social control
the regulation and enforcement of norms.
nurture
the relationships and caring that surround us. shaped by society, family peers, work place. Others argue that who we are is based entirely in genetics.
white privilege
the taken- for-granted advantages white people have over non-white.
