SP 2
Ingroup bias ____
is easily and automatically activated
Nine-year-old Isaac tells his mom he wants Nike shoes because all the other kids have Nike shoes. What affects Isaac's choice of shoes?
Normative influence
Stigma is associates with what kinds of feelings?
Anxiety
Which of the following defines the concept of stereotype thread?
A feeling of anxiety when performing in a domain where one's group is expected to do poorly
Which of the following defines the concept of stereotype threat?
A feeling of anxiety when performing in a domain where one's group is expected to do poorly
Which is a type of schema about a social group?
A stereotype
A person diagnosed with cancer acquires which kind of stigma?
Abominations of the body
which of the following would produce cognitive dissonance?
All of these would produce dissonance
Immediate good-bad judgement about objects are associated with activation of which part of the brain?
Amygdala
What is a stigma?
An attribute that discredits someone in the eyes of others
What are dual attitudes?
An implicit and explicit attitude that contradict each other
A telephone solicitor asks Mika for a $500 donation to a political party, which is far more than Mika can afford. What will the solicitor most likely do now?
Ask for a smaller amount, according to the door-in-the-face strategy
Which of the following results in response amplification?
Aversive racism.
The idea that women should be treated with chivalry because they need and deserve protection is a form of what?
Benevolent sexism
A group with a competitive relationship toward the majority group may experience
Both Contemptuous and envious prejudice
How did the study of the autokinetic effect inform our understanding of group norms?
By seeing how discussion influenced judgment when there was no correct answer to the question
What are the two major components of the ELM?
Central and peripheral processing
Why has stereotyped thinking been a persistent part of human cognition?
Cognitive resource conservation is adaptive.
Why has stereotyped thinking been a persistent part of human cognition?
Cognitive resource conservation is adpative.
The biggest risk in using a fear appeal is that
The audience may feel too helpless to take any action.
What is the main lesson learned from the Robbers' Cave study?
Competition can cause prejudice, and cooperation can reduce it.
In August 2011, large numbers of young people in parts of London rioted for four days. Initially, a questionable police shooting touched off the riots; but as the days went on, many rioters seemed to have no connection to the political issue, and instead were rioting because everyone around them was rioting. This behavior can be considered a result of ________.
Conformity
Which is NOT a true statement about group composition and conformity?
Conformity increases proportionately as the number of people holding the majority view increases
Jack wears his high school colors on the day of the big football game because he knows "everyone" does so every year, Jill wears her high school colors on the day of the big homecoming game because the student council made an announcement asking the students to show their team spirit. Jack is exhibiting _____ whereas Jill is exhibiting _____
Conformity; compliance
______ prejudice most closely resembles the traditional definition of prejudice is
Contemptuous
______ prejudice most closely resembles the traditional definition of prejudice.
Contemptuous
________ prejudice most closely resembles the traditional definition of prejudice.
Contemptuous
Why was Solomon Asch's study so influential in the study of social influence?
Contrary to expectations, people conformed to the group and denied objective reality.
A professor explains to an applicant that she never accepts married students into her lab. What is she doing?
Discriminating
Repeated exposure to stereotype threat can result in
Disidentification
Which of the following is NOT a part of the theory of planned behavior?
Elaboration likelihood
The central aspect of the most often used definition of the word "attitude" is that it must contain
Evaluation
What do studies using fMRI to assess prejudiced responses indicate?
Even if Whites believe they aren't prejudiced, they may experience fer and arousal around unfamiliar Blacks.
On average, which of the following is true about groups that enjoy disproportionate shares of wealth and power in a society?
Everything: They care less about values of fairness and equality than the rest of society, develop negative stereotypes about the people they harm, and justify harmful actions as being good for the society.
What will a person who persistently refuses to compromise in a group discussion experience?
First increased attention, then rejection
what will a person who persistently refuses to compromise in a group discussion experience?
First increased attention, then rejection
Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for improved intergroup relations, according to the original contact hypothesis?
Friendship potential
According to the mood-as-information model, which of the following is true?
Good moods mean effortful thinking is unnecessary.
Altercation between Black and White teenagers, "You can tell they were after white people...if you were white, they were coming after you." How...able to "just tell" what the people were doing?
His stereotypes are shaping his perception of the event.
Under what condition are the people you graduated from high school with likely to be a reference group for you?
If you feel emotionally attached to them
Under what condition are the people you graduated high school with likely to be a reference group for you?
If you feel emotionally attached to them
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Implicit bias related to Afrocentric features is found among both Whites and Blacks.
Why does conformity differ from other kinds of social influence?
It involves no direct verbal instructions
Which of the following is true of weight prejudice?
It is resistant to change at the implicit level.
Fraternity hazing is an example of what aspect of cognitive dissonance theory?
Justification of effort
When we experience cognitive dissonance, what are we most likely to do?
Justify our behavior
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people who express anti-gay prejudice?
Likely to be more negative toward lesbians than toward gay men
You can order the "Perfect Meatloaf" pan as seen on TV! You get the pan, the lifting tray, the recipe guide, and the guide knife for only $19.95. And if you order right now, you get a second pan for free! What is this offer trying to do?
Move your anchor point for a reasonable cost for a meatloaf pan
Nine-year-old Isaac tells his mom he wants Nike shoes because all the other kids have Nike shoes. What affects Isaac's Choice of sheos?
Normative influence
What does normative influence reflect?
Outcome dependence
If a young person believes that all elderly people are cranky, and bad at computers, whereas she knows that members her generation vary in their temperament and technical skills, what is she demonstrating?
Outgroup homogeneity
If a young person believes that all elderly people are cranky, and bad at computers, whereas she knows that members her generation very in their temperament and technical skills, what is she demostrating?
Outgroup homogeneity
If a younger person believes that all elderly people are cranky, and bad at computers, whereas she knows that members her generation vary in their temperament and technical skills, what is she demonstrating?
Outgroup homogeneity
Which of the following terms does not belong in the group
Outgroup homogeneity
What have studies of "shooter/nonshooter" decision tasks found?
People are more likely to assume an ambiguous object held by a Black man is a weapon
What have studies of "shooter/nonshooter" decision tasks found?
People are more likely to assume an ambiguous object held by a Black man is a weapon.
Why do people with high social power initiate action more than those with low social power?
People with high power are more likely to ignore other people's viewpoints.
Racial attitudes held by Black people toward White people are often based on what?
Perceptions of threat or conflict
Jamie believes he is the only one in his group who is bothered by the way his friends have been behaving lately. what term from the text describes Jaime's perception of situation?
Pluralisic ignorance
What are the attitudes that suggest that a group of people deserve an inferior social status called?
Prejudice
In times of economic hardship, American political debate....
Realistic group conflict
when people conform to a group in vioation of their own views, what do they often do?
Reconstruct the facts
Obedience differs from other kinds of social influence because it involves which of the following?
Response to an authority figure
Real estate salespeople frequently put their faces in their ads, even when the ads contain no other information about them except for a phone number. What are they hoping?
Seeing their face over time will cause you to start to like them
With what should people who hold minority opinions, and wish to influence the majority, be most concerned?
Showing consistency in their views
The most powerful form of normative influence is _____.
Social exclusion
Why did the tricomponent definition of attitudes fall out of favor?
Some attitudes exist without all three aspects
An employer assumes that an obese employee is too lazy to be a good manager. A coworker avoids working with the same employee because he thinks fat people are "gross." The employer is ____; the coworker is ____.
Stereotyping; Discriminating
The IAT uses response latency to measure which of the following?
Strength of association between objects and evaluations
Steve was watching television and saw a commercial for the Snuggle Bear, a mascot for a brand of fabric softener. He thought the bear was intensely annoying. Consistent with mere exposure, the more often Steve saw the commercial with this bear which of the following is true?
The more annoyed he became.
Which of the following is NOT true about stereotypes?
They are generally good descriptors of the stereotyped groups.
What is true of people in groups when they are given orders that violate their values?
They obey less than people who are alone
According to self-perception theory, which of the following is true?
We have no more information about our own attitudes than the attitudes of others.
Why is observational learning adaptive?
We learn from others' mistakes without having to experience punishment.
We tend to notice differences among individuals in groups to which we belong, more than differences among members of other groups. Why?
We use less effort in thinking about other groups.
We tend to notice differences among individuals in groups to which we belong, more than differences among members of other groups. Why?
We use less effort in thinking about the other groups.
When is the outgroup homogeneity effect reversed?
When minority group members use ingroup traits as a basis for social identity
Toward whom does benevolent sexism direct the most hostility?
Woman who don't fit gender roles
Which of the following things will not result from your holding a pen in your teeth, without letting your lips touch it?
Your forehead temperature will decrease
which of the following characterizes the foot-in-the-door effect?
a small request initially accepted, followed by a larger request
On which of the following ideas does operant conditioning rely?
actions that are rewarded are more likely to occur in the future
Ray's new roommate seems difficult to get along with. If Ray starts to treat his roommate as though Ray really likes him, cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory __________.
agree that Ray will start to like his roommate more over time
Humor appeals definitely increase _____, but may not increase _____.
attention; comprehension
Women's sexism is
benevolent toward other women, but hostile toward men
what are people who do what someone asks of them exhibiting?
compliance
Prejudice against the obese is more common in societies where people view weight as
controllable.
Low source credibility is a _____ cue.
discounting
Repeated exposure to stereotype threat can result in __________.
disidentification
Going along with a request while privately disagreeing with it is _______.
external compliance
Danica got food poisoning after eating some birthday cake. Now whenever she sees cake, she feels nauseated. Which of the following is true about their attitude toward cake?
it was formed through classical conditioning
Prior to Milgram's study, psychologists estimated that _____% of the normal population would follow orders to inflict harm.
less than 1
Why were Milgram's results so disturbing?
ordinary people were willing to inflict severe harm on strangers
Charities that solicit your money may send you address labels in the envelope along with the request for a donation. they are hoping which of the following will influence you?
reciprocity
Real estate salespeople frequently put their faces in their ads, even when the ads contain no other information about them except for a phone number. What are they hoping?
seeing their face over time will cause you to start to like them
which is the best explanation for why Milgram's participants responded the way they did?
the social role of "researcher" produced pressure toward obedience
