Speech final

Extemporaneous delivery

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes. The object is to make it appear spontaneous. One of the advantages of using extemporaneous delivery is that it encourages a smooth conversational quality.

Passive agreement

A persuasive speech in which the speakers goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.

Question of fact

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

Properly timed pause

A rightly timed pause can be very effective

Impromptu speech

A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

Manuscript speech

A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

Persuasion

Change beliefs or actions of your target audience

Non verbal communication

Communication that occurs as a result of appearance, posture, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, and other nonlinguistic factors.

Simile

Comparison using like/as

Metaphor

Comparison w.o like/as

Emotional appeals

Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move in audience to action. However emotional appeal is not an appropriate substitute for evidence and reasoning. Emotional appeal should grow naturally out of the speech content.

Diff. Types of Credibility

Initial, derived, terminal

Relationship between language and reality

Language does not mirror reality it helps create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events

Useful device in speech prep

Record speech to see how you sound , time speech , practice in front of friends

Critical thinking

Seeing the relationships among ideas, Judging the credibility of statements, Assessing the soundness of evidence.

Ethical obligations when giving a speech

Speakers need to honor their ethical obligations regardless of the kind of speech they are giving. A persuasive speech should be both convincing and ethically sound.

Which special occasion speech use creative language

The event categories for this speech would include: Commencement, Valedictorian, Best Man or Maid of Honor, Wedding Toast or Funeral Eulogy. Sensitivity and your per

Good acceptance speech

The major traits of a good acceptance speech are briefness, modesty, and graciousness.

Burden of proof

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

Supporting material for after dinner speech

The supporting materials for an after dinner speech should be chosen primarily for their comedic or entertainment value.

Addressing anticipated objections

The technique a writer or speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, even though the audience has not had the opportunity to voice these objections.

Persuasive speaker, target audience

This is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade. Even though a persuasive speaker should concentrate on the target audience, he or she needs to keep in mind the ideas and feelings of the entire audience.

Cliches

Trite or overused expressions.

Lang. For a speech

Use language that is appropriate to the occasion, topic, audience speaker

Speaker delivery characteristics

Volume, inflections, rate, pitch, monotone

Proper way to end speech

When you end your speech, you should maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking, collect your notes and visual aids, and maintain a cool collected demeanor as you return to your seat.

Persuading skeptical listeners

You cannot persuade skeptical listeners unless you deal directly with the reasons for their skepticism.

Monotone

a constant unvarying pitch or tone of voice

Ad hominem attack

a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

Ban wagon fallacy

a fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct or desirable.

Slippery slope fallacy

a fallacy which assumes that taking the first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.

Vocalize pause

an awkward pause that occurs when the speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as "uh" "um" "you know

Hasty generalization

an error in reasoning from specific instances, in which is speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence.

Inaccurate use of Lang.

can harm speakers' credibility by making them sound less intelligent or ill informed.

Vocal variety

changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and emotional expressiveness.

Identification

creating a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals and experiences.

Eye contact: preception

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person. Speakers who refuse to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest.

Silent mental dialogue

engage in the mental give and take with the speaker.

Quoting out of context

ethical violations:

Why work hard on intro

excellent way to combat nervousness.

Sloppy articulation

failure to perform particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly

Hand gestures

motions of the speaker's hands or arms during a speech. The primary rule is that whatever gestures you make should not draw attention to themselves or distract from your message.

Persuasive speech immediate action

persuasive speech in which the speakers goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.

Audience attributes when giving a speech

stay focused

Evidence in persuasive speech

supporting materials used to prove or disprove something. Strong evidence can enhance the speaker's credibility

Pronunciation

the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language.

Denotative meaning

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

Connotative meaning

the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

Speech of introduction

• Upon reaching the podium, you should make eye contact with your listeners before beginning to speak.