SS FINAL REVIEW
What was the Declaration of Independence?
"The Break Up Letter" with England. Lists the reasons why the colonies want to become separate from Great Britain. All men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson wrote this to the king and the WORLD.
Which perspectives were included at the Constitutional Convention? Which were not?
-Rich, white, educated, men -No women, poor, African Americans
What was the NJ plan?
-Small States- Each state would be represented equally under the new Constitution that would replace the AoC.
What were challenges Jamestown had?
-Swampy -Starving time -Lazy people lived in the colony
How is the US Constitution modeled after the NY Constitution?
-bicameral legislative -single executive -freedom of speech/religion -trial by jury *Different because all the power is for the people in NY.
The Intolerable Acts:
1.Boston Port act 2.Massachusetts government act 3.The administration of justice act 4.Quartering act 5.Quebec Act
What amendment was passed after the Election of 1800, what did it do?
12th amendment. There would be a vote for president and VP.12th amendment. There would be a vote for president and VP.
Common Sense:
46 page pamphlet made by Thomas Pane. Advocating independence for the 13 colonies.
Explain what was needed to ratify the Constitution.
9/13 states needed to ratify the new Constitution.
What is a teepee?
A cone shaped structure that in the past they used buffalo skins ,clothings, and covering to make a teepee.
Explain the points of the treaty of paris.
America was independent
What is an artifact?
An artifact is a object made by a human, most of the time something from the past or cultural.
Evaluate the constitutionality of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Anti-Immigrant Anti- first amendment NULLIFICATION- states could vote on if it was constitutional or not. That is why states like Virginia and Kentucky tried to get rid of them (Virginia Kentucky Resolutions)
The Bloodiest Day of the Civil War. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after-freed slaves in the South.
Antietam
The end of the war. General Lee surrendered to General Grant
Appatomox
What is an artifact?
Artifacts are an object made by humans from the past that can help people find out what happened back then. Anthropologists are the people that dive deep down and study this.
Who created the join or die cartoon?
Benjamin Franklin
How was the middle colonies climate?
Better farming land Staple crops were grown such as wheat, barley, and oats. 4 seasons
Advantages of the British?
Better weapons Better Trained More Money Paid Better Generals
What is an example of a secondary source?
Biographies, newspaper, encyclopedias, and textbooks.
Violent actions against the British
Boston Massacre Lexington Concord
Non violent action against the British
Boston Tea Party
Which was a nonviolent protest used by the colonists before the American Revolution?*
Boycott of british good
At this battle people came to watch and have picnics.
Bull run
Which battle was the first major battle of the Civil War. It proved the Civil War would not be easy.
Bull run
What new technology allowed exploration to be possible? (Name them and explain them)
Caravel-faster ships that could sail into the wind Compass- directions Astrolabe- used the sun and stars to help with location and finding the latitude
Summarize the role of the Executive Branch:
Carry/Enforce out the laws
What was the Boston Massacre?
Caused by colonists protesting and throwed things for defense, the British shot back and killed over 5 people.
What system is put into place to ensure no one branch gets too powerful?
Checks and balances
Judicial review
Checks on the executive
Judicial Branch
Checks on the legislature
What role did NY play in the ratification of the Constitution?
Even when 9 states ratified, everyone knew NY was needed for success due to its wealth, power and influence. NY would be the 11th state to ratify-NC and RI would follow.
How were slaves to be counted as representation in the states?
Every ⅗ slaves would count toward a state's population for representation in the House of Representatives. This gave slave holding states more of a say in the House.
Why was the purchase controversial?
Federalists did not think that people would move there, it would be hard to govern, the question of slavery's expansion began.
How did the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans differ on their interpretation of the Constitution? (Think Jefferson and Hamilton)
Federalists-loose Democratic Republicans-Strict
Why was the House of Burgesses important to the running of Jamestown and Virginia?
First representative government in the colonies-it had ELECTED representatives from the colony.
How do we know the Iroquois relied on their environment?
For a ton of things Iroquois relied on their environment. That includes for long houses they aren't made like now in modern times. They were built out of natural stone and wood from trees that men worked hard to get. Laoso they had council fires that had wood.
Why was Maryland founded?
For religious reasons. It was meant to be a place for Catholics to practice their religion freely.
What warnings did Washington give the United States in his Farewell Address?
Foreign affairs/alliances- Getting involved Political Parties
First shots of the Civil War. The only casualty was a horse
Fort Sumter
What role did Napoleon play in the US and France having peace?
He took power and did not want to fight the US. He ended their alliance and America had to pay for the ships France destroyed. This was very unpopular, Americans wanted war.
Who was the explorer for the Netherlands?
Henry Hudson: Netherlands (The Dutch) ● Was looking for a Northwest Passage. ● He explored the river which would later be called Hudson River. ● This area would later be settled by the Dutch including an area on the tip of Manhattan which would one day become New York City. ● His crew Mutinied against him and they set him afloat and left him behind while they returned to England. ● New Amsterdam became Manhattan
What were some domestic issues Washington dealt with? (Hint: think rebellion)
His Name- Mr. President Setting up with cabinet Whiskey Rebellion
What big advantage did south have?
Home field
Advantages of the colonists?
Home field advantage On the defense They want to win. Freedom is at stake.***THEY ADAPT THEIR STYLE- Guerilla Tactics
What was the first elected legislature in the 13 Colonies?
House of Burgesses
How did the war of 1812 start?
Impressment Embargo Act Chesapeake incident British and French were impacting/impairing our trade. The British were supplying the natives with weapons.
How did tensions with England escalate under Jefferson's administration?
Impressment, seizing of ships
What was James Oglethorpe's plan for the Georgia colony?
In Georgia, James Oglethorpe originally wanted to give people who were in debt in England a second chance by allowing them to settle in Georgia.
Explain the Great Compromise?
In order to compromise over the representation issue, the founding fathers decided on a two house/bicameral congress/legislative branch. They created the House of Representatives-based on population (VIRGINIA PLAN). Then, they created the Senate-each state would get 2-equal representation (NJ PLAN).
Summarize the role of the Judicial Branch
Interpret the laws
How does Industrialization help increase tensions with the North and South?
It brought a machine age economy that relied on wage laborers, not slaves.
How did the War of 1812 lead to Industrialization?
It encouraged American manufacturers to produce goods previously imported from overseas.
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin (outside of the US and inside)? Who started it?
It happened in the US. Great Britain started it.
What does the preamble do?
It introduces the Constitution, explains the purpose of the Constitution and goals.
How does the Constitution support popular sovereignty?
It requires people to participate/vote.
What was the Mayflower Compact and why was it important?
It was a document that created a government for the colonists in Plymouth for their survival.It was important because it showed colonies had self-government and were making their own decisions apart from England-the Mother Country.
What did the Constitution do about slavery?
It was included. But, it was taken out over time with amendments. It is now crossed out.
Who was Christopher Columbus and what did he do for Spain?
Italian explorer. Set sail looking for a new trade route to the Indies (Asia). Wound up in Hispaniola (the New World, The Americas)
What was Jacksonian Democracy?
Jackson believes the people should have the power. He gets more people to vote while in office.
What role did Andrew Jackson play in helping the US gain Florida?
Jackson went into Florida and attacked the natives who were attacking Americans. Spain was upset by Jackson coming into Florida, but did not want to go to war with the US. They sold the US Florida for 5 million.
What were the results of the War of 1812?
Jackson would be a hero at the Battle of New Orleans. Results of the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States, 1812-1815, involved with no geographical changes. The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain. American realized that it relied too heavily on foreign goods. We will begin to make our own- Industrialization.
What was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas?
Jamestown
Give examples of conflict.
Jamestown -especially during the starving time Roanoke
Which famous founding father represented the British in the Boston Massacre Trial?
John Adams
What was the Zenger Trials?
John Peter Zenger printed illegal papers which caused him to go to a trial in which Alexander Hamilton stood up and defended Zenger. Zenger was found not guilty.
What was the Virginia plan?
Large States- Each state would have representatives based on its population. If you were a larger state-more reps.
The Proclamation of 1763:
Law passed after the french and indian war. It was at the Appalachian Act.
Before the French and Indian War the British...
Left the colonists alone (salutary neglect).
Who explored the Louisiana Purchase and what did they discover?
Lewis and Clark Sacagawea They explored all the way to the Pacific. They drew maps and brought back plants and animals.
When he set out to explore what was his original goal? What was he looking for?
Looking for a sea route to Asia for trade.
Summarize the Alien Acts:
Made it harder/longer to become a citizen and vote President could jail an immigrant suspected of being a spy President could deport suspected spies
Summarize the role of the Legislative Branch:
Make the laws
How were the Alien and Sedition Acts an attempt to weaken the Democratic-Republicans?
Many immigrants voted Democratic Republican. These acts were an attempt by Federalists to weaken the Democratic Republicans.
An economic system thats main purpose was the make the "mother country" (England) wealthy was called....
Mercantilism
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.
What was the culture for southern colonies?
Most of the southern colonies were diverse ethnically (many different groups of people). Religiously most people were Anglican. Maryland was Catholic in the beginning. System of Plantations and institution of slavery.
What were some reasons colonists came to the southern colonies?
Mostly for farming. Many farmers from Virginia moved to North Carolina.
How did Native Americans adapt to their geography? How did geography impact the development of the cultures of Native Americans?
Native American adapted by finding food and building teepees. For example they figured out how to trap and use bisons for there needs. Blankets, food, cups,dishes, etc. Geography impacted the cultures by if the season or weather was bad they had to move there teepees to elsewhere. Also if they don't have enough sources they have to find a place that will carry all there needs.
What is the Oregon Dump theory?
The scientists in Oregon have found, using the DNA and the arrow heads in the coprolites ( dried up feces) found in the Oregon's Paisley Caves, that it is most likely that the two Tribes are not related. But new evidence supports that they may be related. They were living close to the same area at the same time. One group most likely moved to the interior of the continent, while using Clovis technology. The other happened to stay in the West, while developing its own tool kit, which is known to be the world oldest toilet. The Western Stem peoples points were older than the Clovis points, which were thought to be the oldest and first in the Americas.
How are the theories different and the same?
The theories are different because they all have different thought processes and ways that they got to America or when they got the America. They are similar because they all have downsides to if it's true or not and they all talk about migrations.
During Washington's administration, the Jay Treaty was signed. How did this backfire when Adams was president?
The treaty angers the French and they begin to attack our merchant ships bound for Trade with England.
Explain the relationship between Hamilton and Jefferson? What areas did they disagree on?
The two disagreed politically, but still respected each other. How much government should be involved. How to interpret the Constitution. Hamilton- Federalist, Supported the National Bank to get rid of the nation's debt, Believed educated/rich ("best") should be in power, loose (not strict) interpretation of the Constitution, All about trade and economy.Jefferson- Democratic Republican, did not like the bank, he was concerned for the common man, he wanted the farmers to be involved in the economy, strict (meaning you read the words as is) interpretation of the Constitution.
What was the French and Indian War?
The war was a fight between England and the french.
What are the primary similarities and differences between the Anasazi and Sioux tribes?
There are tons of primary similarities and differences between the Anasazi and Sioux. Some similarities are, they both believe in many gods and they both believe in Animism. Differences are, Anasazi built pueblos and Sioux build teepees ,and also nature was represented for Anasazi gods but for Sioux stars and sun and moon were represented.
How did Jefferson win the election of 1800? What role did Hamilton play?
There was a tie. Hamilton broke the tie. He told the Federalists to vote for Jefferson in the electoral college and not Burr.
What was the California Gold Rush?
There was gold found in California then lots of people from all over the United States came to California to get gold.
How would you describe the colonies' interactions with the Native Americans?
There were some examples of peaceful encounters at the start. Once natives start to get diseases, have their land taken, are forced to be Christian, etc. the relationship changes.
What was happening in Latin America?
These nations were having Independence movements.
Why did Native Americans develop such diverse cultural groups? Name some of the different Culture groups.
They developed such diverse cultural groups because they all arrived and lived in different places. The Anasazi settled down and lived in Pueblos. The Sioux were moving around and they easily brought there teepees with them. The Iroquois had to have a very organized political system and they did not move around and they stayed in there longhouses. Some of the different groups are, Anasazi, Sioux, and Iroquois.
Which country started the New York colony, and how did the English take control of it?
Netherlands. The English wanted it so they could control the entire Atlantic Coast of North America. In 1664 they captured the colony without firing a single shot. New Netherlands became The colony was given to the Duke of York. As a result New Netherlands became New York & New Amsterdam became New York City. New Jersey split from New York and became its own colony..
How did Washington attempt to stay neutral?
Neutrality Proclamation- stay out of European Conflict Jay's Treaty with England.
What were the middle colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Summarize the Monroe Doctrine:
No European involvement in Western Hemisphere. It was created to protect the Latin American and South American nations that just gained independence from Spain.
8th amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
How does a bill become a law? Is it an easy process?
No it is not, there are many bills introduced, but very few become laws.
3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers
What were a lot of the Explorers looking for in the New World?='
Northwest Passage
How did the Embargo Act backfire on Jefferson?
OGRABME Jefferson thought it would hurt France and England because they needed our goods. It wound up hurting the American economy because they could not trade. America lacked industry.
What is the Bering Land Bridge?
Ocean levels dropped 300 feet lower than they are right now. When this happened a land Bridge between North Eastern Asia and present-day Alaska was exposed.
What were some of the goods exchanged because of the Columbian Exchange?
Old to new-Sugar cane, bananas, coffee beans, livestock, horses, disease, etc New to old-Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, etc *Potatoes were easy to grow and improved the food supply in Europe. The population of Europe increased as a result.
Disadvantages of the British?
Paid Had to Travel Far No heart for the cause
Name some famous Anti-Federalists.
Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Sam Adams, George Mason
What is the difference between a patriot and a loyalist?
Patriot- supports the cause for independence Loyalists-supports England, usually worried about $$$$$$
Who created the propaganda?
Paul Revere
Why did Rhode Island start their colony?
Religious freedom; Although they were Puritans, both Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were kicked out of Massachusetts Bay for disagreements with the people in charge
Why did Connecticut start their colony?
Religious freedom; Thomas Hooker thought that the governor of Massachusetts Bay had too much power
What was the Quartering Act?
Required colonists to keep British soldiers in their houses
6th admendment
Right to a speedy trial
Second admendment
Right to bear arms
9th Amendment
Rights reserved to the states- any powers not specific to the federal government goes to the states
9th amendment
Rights that are not listed in the Constitution are still protected- ex. privacy
How was New england's climate?
Rocky soil, not great for farming, long winters/blizzards
Who was Rhode Island founder/important people?
Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson
Who controlled Oregon in 1819? How did we eventually gain the Oregon Territory (54 40 or FIGHT!)? What was the Oregon Trail?
Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States. We gained Oregon Territory because Polk eventually made a deal with Great Britain to share the territory and made the current borders between Oregon Territory and Canada. Pioneers traveled on the Oregon Trail to get to this "pioneers paradise". It was great for farming.
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect is allowing colonies to rule themselves. Period before the American revolution.
Famous Patriots:
Samuel Adams,Paul Revere,George Washington,John Adams.and Benjamin Franklin
Who was in charge of Mexico when Texas was seeking Independence from Mexico? What did he do at the Alamo?
Santa Anna was in charge. He killed everyone he heard wanted independence at Alamo.He killed everyone.
Education Reform
Schools are funded by taxes Made the school year longer Teachers got training for higher salary
The Women's Movement
Seneca Falls:It was the first women's right convention and it was held in Seneca falls.
How did it prove the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Shays' pointed out that there needed to be a stronger national government that could raise an army, settle disputes, and control taxes.Too much power was in the hands of the states.
Lincoln gets reelected because of this military success in GA
Sherman's march
This was meant to break the South. A march from Atlanta to Savannah. The Union destroyed everything in their path and broke the South's morale.
Sherman's march
Who was New Hampshire's founder/important people?
Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason
How were people exchanged?
Slave Trade Middle Passage
Summarize how the United States gained Florida.
Slaves ran to Florida which is why slave holders in Georgia wanted Florida. The natives were letting the slaves into Florida and raided white landowners lands. Jackson was sent to chase raiding Seminoles into Florida, but he did not have the authority to invade the Spanish colony. Instead he marched into Florida with 1,700 troops . He captured Spanish military posts and arrested, tried, and executed two British subjects for stirring up Indian attacks. He also replaced the Spanish governor with an American. The Mexican decided to leave because they feared war.
Abolitionists
Someone who wanted to end slavery.
Who did we gain Florida from?
Spain
Which European nations sent out explorers to the New World? How did their goals differ?
Spain and Portugal - God, Gold, Glory Portugal & Spain started off by looking for a sea route to Asia. France- FUR and Trade The Netherlands (Dutch)- Trade (New Amsterdam) England- Colonies
What was the economy for the Middle Colonies?
Staple Crops such as wheat, barley, & oats Lumbering
What was the economy of the New England colonies?
Subsistence Farming- Grew what they needed Whaling- oil for lamps Lumbering Ship Building
What was the role of the Battle of Yorktown in ending the Revolution?
The British were surrounded by the Americans on land and the French at sea. Cornwallis is forced to surrender. The British lost the war-the world turned upside down.
How did the crusades and the Renaissance play a role in exploration?
The Crusades exposed Europeans to a new market of goods (spices, silk, porcelain, etc.). This makes them want to find new/faster routes to Asia to get these new desirable goods.
The British needed to end the period of salutary neglect and needed to collect more taxes from the colonies because of:
The French and Indian war
What ended as a result of the French and Indian War?
The French ruled america.
How is the XYZ affair a failed attempt at peace with France?
The French would not discuss peace without being given a bribe. It made us very angry with the French. We almost go to war with them.
What was the politics for the Southern colonies?
The House of Burgesses is in Virginia Bacon's Rebellion Plantations were owned by wealthy
What was the Indian Removal Act?
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders
WHat is that iroquois league?
The Iroquois League was the Cayuga,,Mohawk, Oneida,Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. This alliance that they all had kept peace among them and waged war to protect its territory from invasion.
Describe the Iroquois Confederation. What ideas did America take from the Iroquois? How do they show unity?
The Iroquois confederation is a bunch of groups that are joined together to make one. That also shows there unity because they all end up being together and helping each other out. America took the Iroquois political system.
What kinds of homes did the Iroquois live in/make? How did they set up their villages?
The Iroquois lived and made longhouses! They set up there village by longhouses all around the fire so all of the tribes could easily get there.
How is the Kennewick man theory unique from others?
The Kennewick man theory is unique to the others because all of the others involve how people traveled, the Kennewick man theory is about how possibly Indians arrived earlier than Christopher Columbus but not how they got there.
The Quartering Act:
The King decided that the colonists and soldiers would have to live in one of the colonists' houses to save MONEY.
Summarize the Spoils System and the Kitchen Cabinet.
The Kitchen Cabinet is when advisors that were friends and not his official cabinet-relied on them more than actual cabinet.The Spoils System is when Jackson liked to see different people in government jobs.He rooted people in office. Gave jobs to his friends-they were often not qualified. Intentions were good.
What was the Land Bridge theory?
The Land Bridge Theory believes that humans, that came from Asia, travelled a 55 mile-long land bridge, to get to North America. Itś believed that these humans were nomadic (traveling place to place) and they were following big game (herds of large animals) such as mammoth or bison. This theory is based on artifacts and tools found in Clovis, New Mexico. Spear points were found in Clovis and were studied using radiocarbon data and it was found that these nomadic people arrived in North America 11,000 to 10,000 years ago. A problem with this theory is that these spear points this theory was based upon, were not found in Asia.
Which branch approves the president's appointments to the judicial branch?
The Legislative
What were Lowell Mills?
The Lowell mills were 19th-century textile mills that operated in the city of Lowell.
WHat is the difference between primary sources and secondary sources?
The difference is primary is coming from someone that was there and wrote or did something on that day that we can look back too and secondary is someone that gets information from not positive information . Historians are the ones study it.
What impact does this document have?
The document represents the 13 colonies declaring their independence from Great Britain.
Summarize the Treaty of Ghent:
The peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Both sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent, United Netherlands
What is a veto?
The presidents check on the Legislative. He/She can reject a proposed bill/law.
What was the image that swayed people's opinion about the boston Massacre?
The propaganda
What is a assimilation?
When a group of different ethnic heritages are absorbed into the most important culture of a society.
What is a nomad?
When a member from a tribe moves from place to place.
Who was the founder/important people of massachusetts?
William Bradford (Plymouth) John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay)
Who was William Penn and what did he do?
William Penn was a Quaker who founded the Pennsylvania colony. His goal was to encourage tolerance and to create a place for everyone to feel welcome.
Summarize the Sedition Acts:
You could not talk badly/print anything bad about the president or the government.
Examples of salutary neglect
Zenger trials and Navigation acts, Fundamental orders of Connecticut,House of Burgesses, Mayflower compact.
How did their interactions with the natives differ?
● The French and Dutch typically had friendlier relations with the natives because they traded with them. ● The Spanish tended to have more conflict.
What impact did exploration have on the Native Americans?
● While the Natives were exposed to new cultures, ideas, and goods, they were also exposed to disease. ● 90% of the Native population will perish as a result of the Europeans coming to the Americas. ● They were forced to assimilate and to this day have had a hard time maintaining their culture.
What is a hunter-gatherer?
They hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food.
Why were the federalists for the constitution?
They wanted a strong central government.
What impact did exploration have on Africans?
They were forced into slavery.
How did the attack on The Alamo upset Texans and fuel their desire for Independence?
They were upset that the surviving defenders were executed on the spot.
How did Jackson handle the National Bank? Why was he so against it?
This bill passed Congress, but Jackson vetoed it, declaring that the Bank was "unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive to the rights of States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people." After his reelection, Jackson announced that the Government would no longer deposit Federal funds with the Bank and would place them in state banks.
What is culture?
This is a group's set of common values and traditions ,language,government, and family relationships.
What is a longhouse?
This is a long place where the communities met especially the Iroquois.
How did Texas play a role in going to war with Mexico?
This is because getting annexed leads to war.
what is civilization?
This is when a group of people have their own languages and ways of life.
What is a natural resource?
This is when you use the natural wealth of the country which is land, forests,mineral, and water.
What does it mean to adapt?
This means to get used to something when you adjust or modify things.
What is Pacific coast migration?
This theory suggest that instead of the land bridge, people migrated down the west coast of America instead of traveling through the interior. This means they would have primarily traveled on boats. Also instead of hunting land animals they would have relied on marine mammals. Archaeologists also found artifacts older than Clovis not far from the pacific coast. But, people only endorse this idea because it makes sense.
Who was connecticut's founder/important people?
Thomas Hooker
Who wrote common sense?
Thomas Paine
What arguments were made to annex (take in) Texas? What were the arguments against?
To take in Texas the arguments was made that the South wanted Texas because it would be a slave state under the Missouri Compromise. Against Texas was that it would start a war
Why did Hampshire start their colony?
Trading and fishing villages that were part of Massachusetts that asked to be a separate colony
What treaty ended the American Revolution?
Treaty of Paris 1783
What big advantage does the North have over the South?
Union and border states
What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation?
-1st government of the new nation -created unity for the new nation -Low taxes -Power to the people
What were the challenges for Plymouth?
-Arrived in a very cold winter -disease -hard to farm
Legislative Branch
-Checks on the ExecutiveImpeachment power (House)Trial of impeachments (Senate)May override Presidential vetoes
Executive Branch
-Checks on the Legislature Veto power
What were the successes of Plymouth?
-Founded by Pilgrims -Formed a successful relationship with the local tribe- (in the beginning) -Mayflower Compact- established unity and self-governing principles for the colonists -Gained religious freedom
First amendment
-Freedom of Speech/Press -Freedom of Religion -Freedom of petition/protest
What were successes Jamestown had?
-Grew Successful Tobacco crop (John Rolfe) -Eventually made peace with the local natives (Pocahontas) -Good Climate for farming -Located on a good spot on the James river/ easy for trade and defense -Good Leadership (John Smith)
What were the New England colonies?
-Massachusetts (one colony after Plymouth & Massachusetts Bay combined) -Connecticut -Rhode Island -New Hampshire
What was Massachusetts signs of democracy?
-Mayflower Compact -Massachusetts Bay Company Charter
What were the weaknesses of the articles of confederation?
-No leader -States/people have the power -No taxes -No army -No strong central/national government- Could not enforce laws -Hard to make change- all states had to agree
What was the Kennewick man theory?
A couple of years ago several skeletons were found by "the Bank's of Washington State's Columbia River. A very unique body was found amongst the other dozens they discovered coincidently. They called the special body "The Kennewick Man", this body was special because the man was 45 years old with a stone spear stuck in his hip. They found that the man had lived with this injury for months to even years! The scientists that found him said that he looked like Native American. Which would mean that the people that once belonged to the bodies had migrated before Christopher Columbus discovered America. But other scientists argue with them saying that he looks more Caucasian, which means that they wouldn't have migrated. But the Kennewick Man all other finds suggest that multiple migrations from all over the world have been becoming more clear. Who do you think is right?
First Continental Congress:
A group that was initiated to rebel against Great Britain. Making plans for how to move forward with dealing with Great britain.
What is a patroon and how did it encourage people to settle in the colony?
A patroon was a person who owned a large portion of land in New Netherlands. Patroons were given the land grant, and in return they would bring at least 50 settlers to work on the land. The settlers would pay rent to the patroons.
What is a theory?
A theory is a systematic explanation for the observed facts and laws that relate to a specific thing in life.
What is a pueblo?
Above houses made of a heavy clay called adobe.
Who was the president during the civil war?
Abraham Lincoln
Why were the anti federalists against the constitution?
Afraid of a strong central government. They would ratify if the Bill of Rights was added.
What is an environment?
Climates and landscapes that surround living things
Summarize the experience of the soldiers at Valley Forge.
Cold, dirty, destitute. The soldiers lacked basic needs such a food and clothes. Von Steubon brings training/order/discipline to Valley Forge. Lafayette brings $$$$$$$ and supplies.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
Colonists could not move past the Appalachian Mountains
Who were the spain explorers?
Columbus: Spain ● He was trying to find a faster route to the Indies by going west from Europe. ● He made two mistakes in his calculations: 1) He underestimated the size of the Earth and 2) He didn't know that the Americas were in between Europe and Asia. ● Instead, he discovered the "New World". ● First European to interact with the peoples in the Americas. San Salvador Cortes: Spain ● Spanish Conquistador, ● Conquered the Aztecs (Mexico) Magellan: Spain ● First to circumnavigate the world (even though he died on the voyage). His crew left him in a barrel for the rest of the trip Pizzaro: Spain ● Spanish Conquistador ● conquered the Incas (South America/Peru)
What was an even greater threat than the enemy during the American Revolution?
DISEASE- Valley Forge - You should also know the conditions at Valley Forge - men were naked and starving.
Summarize Shays' Rebellion: Proves the Articles were too weak!
Daniel Shay rebelled against Massachusetts for its high taxes. The taxes were controlled by the state. They caused many farmers to lose their farms and all of their money. The rebellion was met by the Massachusetts militia. They killed 4 farmers.
Treatment of the Mentally Ill
Dorothea Dix leads movement seeking better conditions and treatment of the mentally ill
What is separation of powers (cartoon)?
Each branch has its own job.
What is cotton gin? Who made it? How did its original purpose backfire?
Eli Whitney made the Cotton gin which was a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.
How did the Erie Canal and steam boat help with transportation?
Enabled cargo to travel efficiently between Ohio and New York City.
Where did Jefferson get his idea for the Declaration of Independence?
Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke. He also took ideas from Thomas Paine.
Why is the phrase "three worlds colliding" appropriate when referring to the Age of Exploration?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas interacting for the first time.
4th amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
What foreign issues did Washington deal with?
French Revolution War was going on between French and British. Jay's Treaty with England-upset the French
What was the Connecticut's sign of democracy?
Fundamentals order of Connecticut
What does G.R.A.P.E.S stand for?
Geography, Religion, Achievements, Political System, Economics, Social Structure
Who was in command of the Continental Army?
George Washington
After this battle, Lincoln will honor those that were killed in an address.
Gettysburg
The Turning Point of the Civil War
Gettysburg
What are the 3 Gs? How did they encourage exploration?
God- spread religion Gold- wealth Glory-power
What is an example of a primary source?
Government reports,photographs, speeches,diaries, and autobiographies.
Name some famous Federalists.
Hamilton, Jay, Madison, Washington
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
Hamilton, John Jay, and Madison wrote them to persuade people to ratify the Constitution. It is very much like Thomas Paine's Common Sense.
How did Adams lose the Election of 1800?
He did not go to war with France. He believed this was his greatest accomplishment. He knew they were not ready.
Why is he such a disputed historical figure? Hero or Villain?
He did not really "discover" anything. There were people already in the Americas. He also mistreated those he encountered (The Natives).
Why did Washington want to be called Mr. President?
He did not want to be seen as a king or totalitarian ruler.
Second Great Awakening
People had lost their connection to faith. This was a religious revival. This revival allowed for people to want to make things better for groups of people in the US. This helps push forward reform movements. Religion motivated them to "do better".
Puritans Vs. Pilgrims- What is the difference. Which group wanted a clear break from the Church of England?
Pilgrims were separatists and wanted to separate from the Anglican Church (Church of England). The Puritans didn't want to separate from the Anglican church, but wanted to make it more "pure"
What was the economy for the Southern colonies?
Plantations Cash crops- Tobacco, Indigo, & Rice Slavery
Give examples of peaceful encounters.
Pocahontas Plymouth- The local natives taught them to farm, the first Thanksgiving
Who was elected in 1844 and what were his goals?
Polk- Manifest Destiny and Expansion Oregon and Texas, Mexican Cession
Disadvantages of the colonists?
Poorly trained Poorly Equipped No Money
Name some positives of the Columbian Exchange. Negatives?
Positives- New Ideas, New Goods, Cultural Diffusion Negatives- 90% of Native Population died from disease, slavery started in the Americas, Natives mistreated, competition between Europeans for land created conflict
Why was his election called a "peaceful revolution"?
Power shifted parties and no blood was shed.
How are primary sources helpful?
Primary sources are helpful because you get what actually happened on the day. Secondary sources are just educated guesses but primary sources gives the real raw details.
Who were the portugal explorers?
Prince Henry the Navigator ● Although he never went out on a voyage himself, he contributed a lot to Portugal's exploration efforts. ● He built an observatory, opened a school of navigation, financed research by mapmakers and shipbuilders, and paid for expeditions. Vasco da Gama: Portugal ● Reached southwest India in 1498 helping Portugal become the first European country to find a sea route to Asia.
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
Purchase made from France. Doubled the size of the US and cost 15 million. We gained New Orleans for trade/Mississippi River access.
What was the politics for the New England colonies?
Puritan faith dominated politics Meeting House in the Village Church
What was the culture in New England colonies?
Puritanism Very religious Strict Education
The Sugar Act:
Put taxes on sugar because the British wanted to pay off war debt.
How did relations with England change because of the french and indian war?
Relations changed because England was in debt and had to tax the colonies.
Why did Massachusetts start their colony?
Religious freedom
Lexington and Concord:
THe first military engagements of the American Revolution War.
The Stamp Act:
Tax on colonies which had stamps on any document they made. Repeal because colony.
The Townshend Act:
Tax on paper,paint, lead,and more. Ended up repealing the act.
colonists dumped tea in Boston Harbor as a response to
Taxation without Representation
What is Manifest Destiny? Who came up with the idea?
The Americans believe that they have the God given right to expand. John O'Sullivan came up with the term.
What was the first battle of the American Revolution?
The Battle of Lexington Green
What was the turning point of the American Revolution?
The Battle of Saratoga. The Continental Army stopped the British from cutting the colonies in half. The French will then join the Americans in their fight for Independence. Stops the British from cutting the colonies in half.
Why did the Anti-Federalists finally agree to ratify the Constitution?
The Bill of Rights was added- The Final Compromise
The Boston Tea Party:
The Boston tea party is an act of rebellion by the colonists when they threw 1.5 million dollars worth of tea into the Boston Docs. The Sons of Liberty dressed up as Native Americans to gain access to the British boats. The rebels did this as a act of rebellion against the new British tea act.
The Tea Act:
The British wanted to stop colonists from smuggling. Lowers the price of tea but colonists saw right through what the British were trying to do. The British were trying to tax them without their consent.
"No Taxation without Representation" was the direct result of which act?
The Stamp Act
What was the Toleration Act of 1649 and why was it important?
The Toleration Act made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians. It was the first law supporting religious tolerance in the colonies.
Who won the Mexican War? What treaty was signed at the end? What did the United States gain (be specific with territories).
The United States won. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Was signed.Arizona, California, western Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah.
What was the Last Compromise?
The addition of Bill of Rights
Where did the civil war end?
The appomattox courthouse.
What is Federalism?
The federal government and states working together. Balanced seesaw. Each has their own job, but they share some jobs like TAXES
Which amendment did the Zenger trial set a precedent (example) for?
The first
What was Lexington and Concord?
The first battles of the American Revolution. British won at Lexington and caused the militia to retreat. The colonists beat back the British at Concord.
Why is Constitution so hard to amend/change?
The founders wanted to document to be able to fit those who were living under it. But, they wanted the change to be difficult. Many amendments have been proposed, only 27 have been amended.The Constitution gives two ways of ratifying an amendment. An amendment may be approved by the legislatures in at least three-fourths of the states, or it may be ratified by special conventions in at least three-fourths of the states. Once an amendment is approved, it becomes part of the Constitution.
What was the headright system and how did it encourage people to settle in Virginia?
The headright system gave colonists who paid their own way to the Virginia, 50 acres of land. They could also earn an additional 50 acres for each additional person they brought. Rich colonists could bring lots of people and gain large amounts of land.
Headright system
The headright system referred to a grant of land, usually 50 acres, given to settlers in the 13 colonies. The system was used mainly in Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Maryland. It proved to be quite effective by increasing the population in the British colonies.
What kind of homes did they have? How do their homes show their culture?
The homes they had were Pueblos, teepees, and longhouses. There homes show their culture by putting their own details and special parts into it.
Where were Rhode Island's signs of democracy?
The idea of the separation between church and state
What was the Britain's response to the Boston Tea Party?
The intolerable acts
7th Amendment
The jury makes the decision if a person is guilty/not guilty. The judge can't overturn a jury's decision- they may just provide consequences.
Who were the french explorers?
Verrazano: France ● Explored the northeast coast of North America from Cape Fear, North Carolina to Maine while searching for a Northwest passage to Asia. ● First European to sail into New York Bay. Cartier: France ● French explorer who led three expeditions to Canada. ● He was looking for a route to the Pacific through North America (a Northwest Passage) but did not find one. Cartier sailed inland, going 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River. Claimed parts of Northern North America for France, naming the area around the St. Lawrence River New France. Champlain: France ● In 1608 he founded Quebec, and he made numerous Atlantic crossings as he worked tirelessly to promote New France. ● Had especially good relationships with native peoples as they expanded westward. ● Champlain explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and eventually made it to the Mississippi River. (Quebec-Canada)
What was the politics for the Middle Colonies?
Very accepting. Everyone was welcome. People co-existed
What was the culture in the middle colonies?
Very diverse and very tolerant William Penn and the Quakers- Everyone Welcome to PA
What was the climate of the southern colonies?
Very good soil, climate is warmer, great for farming Best climate for growing crops
When the Union wins this battle, they have completed the Anaconda Plan, they cut the South in 2 and took control of the Mississippi. The South can't get supplies.
Vicksburg
What departments did Washington create for his cabinet? Who filled his cabinet-advisors?
War- Knox Treasury-Hamilton State-Jefferson
What is a precedent? Name some precedents created by Washington.
Washington set many examples that others would follow/attempt to follow. -oath of office -2 terms -cabinet -State of the Union
5th admendment
he rights of a person accused of a crime- double jeopardy, compensation, no self-incrimination (Miranda Rights), due process, grand jury, etc.
