standard precautions
when should you wash your hands?
-before and after pt contact -before putting on gloves and after removal of gloves -before and after contact w body fluids
alcohol based hand rub: when not to use? how to use?
-don't use if hands visibly soiled -spread over hands evenly until dry (should take 15 s to dry)
nail length recommendations:
-no artificial nails -nail length 1/4 inch
what does standard precautions include?(3) who should it be used for?
1. PPE - personal protective equipment 2 hand hygiene 3. respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette all pts all the time
pts who might be on contact precaution
1. VRE 2. MRSA 3. CDIFF- will give you diahhrea
what are the 3 types of precautions:
1. contact 2. airborne 3. droplet
control measures for respiratory hygiene cough etiquette:
1. cover mouth when coughing (with elbow not hands) 2. prompt disposal of used tissue 3. use of surgical mask on coughing person 4. hand hygiene 5. spacial separation; ideally > 3ft
contact precautions: can be...
1. direct- touch the pt directly 2. indirect-touch something in environment that is infected
what equipment is required for airborne precaution?
1. gloves 2. N95 mask- fit tested 3. negative pressure room (prevents flow of air from the room to the corridors of the hospital
personal protective equipment includes:
1. gloves 2. gown 3. mask 4. eye protection 5. face shield
pts who might be on droplet precaution:
1. meningitis 2. influenza (flu) 3. adenovirus 4. mumps 5. streptococcal / pneumonia
how to wash hands with antibacterial soap;
1. wet hands 2. apply soap 3. rub at least 15 s covering all surfaces (esp. nails) 4. dry with disposable towel 5. use towel to turn off facet
every year ______ pts get a hospital related infection and ___________ die from their infection how are many infections transmitted
2million 90,000 hands of health care personelle
who came up with the standard precautions?
CDC: center for disease control
Droplet precaution
Patient's with certain diseases develop infectious droplets of fluid when coughing, sneezing or talking. These droplets can infect another individual if passed through mucous membranes in the nose, or the mouth.
airborne precautions
Precautions that prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air
which is more effective at killing bacteria and left damaging to your skin: -antibacterial soap/ alcohol based hand rub
alcohol based hand rub
what should you use to wash your hands?
antibacterial soap or alcohol based hand rub
who does the respiratory hygiene/ cough ettique apply to ?
anyone with undiagnosed: -cough -Rhinorrhea (runny nose) -congestion -production of respiratory secretions
rate: antimicrobial soap regular soap alcohol based handrub
best: alcohol based handrub better: antimicrobial soap good: regular soap
what is SARS?
bird flu
varicella= what precaution
chicken pox airborne
what to wear if pt is contact guard preaution?
gown, gloves
what protective equipment to wear if droplet precaution?
mask, gloves -isolated room, or at least > 3feet separation with curtain
rubella = what precaution?
measles -airborne precaution
hand lotion recommendation and why?
no lotion, can reduce hygiene effectiveness, can break down gloves
are gloves a replacement for hand hygiene?
no!
what is standard precautions
primary strategy for the prevention of healthcare associated transmission of infectious agents among patients and healthcare personelle
herpes zoster= what precaution
shingles airborne precautions
ex of airborne precautions
tuberculosis-infectious bacterial disease that affects the lungs herpes zoster (shingles chicken pox (varicella) rubella (measles)
when should you wear a gown/face mask/ eye protection?
when doing a procedure where you might get sprayed