STATS FINAL
132. Which is defined as a large disagreement in a Goodness-of-Fit Test? A)is between observed and expected values that will lead to a small value of x² and a large P-value. B)is between observed and expected values that will lead to a large value of x² and a small P-value. C)will cause a rejection of the null hypothesis of no difference between the observed and expected values due to a large x² value. D)none of the above
B)is between observed and expected values that will lead to a large value of x² and a small P-value.
. How does a census and sample differ? a. A sample is a collection of data from an entire population; a census is a collection of data from a collection of members selected from a population. b. A sample is data from a collection of members selected from a population; a census is a collection of data from an entire population. c. A sample is a collection of data that maintains a complete list of sampling units; a census is a collection of data that can expand to produce an estimate of the total population. d. A census is used when it is not possible to count each individual of the population.
B. A sample is data from a collection of members selected from a population; a census is a collection of data from an entire population.
81. Which statement correctly describes the meaning of a point estimate? A. Represented by percent B. A single value or point used to approximate a population parameter C. The probability 1-a that does not contain the population parameter D. A z-score that can be distinguished between sample statistics
B. A single value or point used to approximate a population parameter
138. What is the definition of a contingency table? A. It is a one-way frequency table B. A table consisting of frequency counts of categorical data corresponding to two different variables C. A table consisting of frequency counts of categorical data corresponding to two same variables. D. It tests for dependence between the row and column variables.
B. A table consisting of frequency counts of categorical data corresponding to two different variables
69. Which statement correctly describes the meaning of a critical value? A. A value that is spread evenly over a certain range B. A z-score separating unlikely values from those that are likely to occur C. Values that can be associated with measurements on a continuous scale D. Normal distributions that have bell-shaped density curve
B. A z-score separating unlikely values from those that are likely to occur
102. What method should you choose if you want to estimate the difference between the two population proportions? A. P-value method B. Confidence Interval method C. Population method D. Critical Value method
B. Confidence Interval method
47. Which event is NOT an example of a disjoint event? A. Event A: Roll a dice and get a 5. Event B: Roll a dice and get a 2. B. Event A: A baby is born, it is male. Event B: A baby is born, it has diabetes. C. Event A: A car has four doors. Event B: A car has two doors. D. Event A: A football game is taking place on the field. Event B: A soccer game is taking place on the field.
B. Event A: A baby is born, it is male. Event B: A baby is born, it has diabetes.
105. Which of the following is false about confidence interval method testing? A. If ,p1< p2 then the confidence interval should be mostly positive B. It does contain a 0 which implies there is a significant difference between two proportions C. If , p1> p2 then the confidence interval should be mostly negative D. There is no relation between two proportions
B. It does contain a 0 which implies there is a significant difference between two proportions
130. Goodness-of-Fit test are always? A. Tri-Tailed B. Right Tailed C. 2 Tailed D. Left Tailed
B. Right Tailed
58. Within how many standard deviations must a value be to NOT be considered unusual? A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
B.2
125. If 2 variables have an r value of .97 then the correlation is said to be ____. A.No correlation B.Strong positive C.Strong negative D.You cannot determine from the r
B.Strong positive
93. The Chi-Square Distribution is used when A.Testing a claim about population mean B.Testing a claim made about a population standard deviation or population variance C.Testing a claim about a population proportion D.Finding the P-Value
B.Testing a claim made about a population standard deviation or population variance
135. Which of the following is not a requirement for Test of Independence? A.The sample data are randomly selected. B.The sample data is uniformly distributed. C.The sample data are represented as frequency counts in a two-way table. D.For every cell of the contingency table, the expected frequency is at least 5.
B.The sample data is uniformly distributed.
79. Which of the following is NOT a property of the Student t distribution? A.The standard deviation of the Student t distribution changes with the sample size and is greater than 1. B.The student t distribution has a mean of t=1 C. The Student t distribution has a general symmetric bell shape. D. As the sample size increases, the Student t distribution gets closer to a normal distribution.
B.The student t distribution has a mean of t=1
51. Using data from previous classes, the calculated passing rate of a college anatomy course is 73%. What is this percentage expressed as a probability? A) 7.3 B) -.73 C) .73 D) 0.073
C) .73
36. Find the minimum, maximum, Q1, Q2, and Q3 from the number set listed below. What type of graph should be made with the information? 7, 4, 9, 21, 12, 13, 2, 1, 23, 20, 18, 15, 4, 6, 15 A) Minimum= 1, Maximum= 23, Q1= 4, Q2= 16, Q3= 21, Scatterplot B) Minimum= 1, Maximum= 20, Q1= 6, Q2= 12, Q3= 20, Boxplot C) Minimum= 1, Maximum= 23, Q1= 4, Q2= 12, Q3= 18, Boxplot D) Minimum= 1, Maximum= 20, Q1= 6, Q2= 12, Q3= 18, Scatterplot
C) Minimum= 1, Maximum= 23, Q1= 4, Q2= 12, Q3= 18, Boxplot
45. Which event would be considered dependent? A)Landing on tails when tossing a coin B)Rolling a 2 on a 6 sided die C)Drawing a black marker from a pack with two markers removed. D)Landing heads on a coin flip two times in a row.
C)Drawing a black marker from a pack with two markers removed.
28. According to the Range Rule of Thumb, what would be considered a usual value and an unusual value? A)Usual values are not too extreme and not typical. Unusual values differ from the mean by more than 2 standard deviations. B)Usual values are extreme and not and not typical. Unusual values differ from the mean by more than 3 standard deviations. C)Usual values are not too extreme and typical. Unusual values differ from the mean by more than 2 standard deviations. D)None of the above
C)Usual values are not too extreme and typical. Unusual values differ from the mean by more than 2 standard deviations.
76. If upper confidence limit is 20 and lower confidence limit is 8, what is the Margin of Error of the confidence interval? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
C. 6
145. If we use the amounts (in millions of dollars) grossed by pizza toppings in categories Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination, we obtain the SPSS analysis of variance results shown below. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination have the same mean gross amount. Use the table below A. Reject H0. There is There is sufficient evidence to warrant the rejection of the claim that Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination have the same mean gross amount. B. Reject H0. There is insufficient evidence to warrant the rejection of the claim that Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination have the same mean gross amount. C. Fail to reject H0.There is Insufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination have the same mean gross amount. D. Fail to reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination have the same mean gross amount. Sum of squares Df Mean square F P-Value. Between Groups 74561.465 4 44673.887 4.820 .033 Within Groups 356453.2 51 8642.672 Total 414300.9 55
C. Fail to reject H0.There is Insufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that Pepperoni, Cheese, and Combination have the same mean gross amount.
11. Which of the following is NOT a level of measurement? A. Ratio B. Nominal C. Numerical D. Ordinal
C. Numerical
117. What is the equation for determining the residual? A. Observed y + predicted y = y + y B. (Observed y) (predicted y = y + y) C. Observed y- predicted y = y - y D. Observed y / predicted y = y - y
C. Observed y- predicted y = y - y
44. The Probability of event B occurring, given that event A has already occurred is denoted as: A. P(B/A) B. P(A|B) C. P(B|A) D. P(A/B)
C. P(B|A)
. Which of the following is a type of numerical data? a. Categorical b. Qualitative c. Quantitative d. All of the above.
C. Quantative
. A man wanted to see if people were more likely to adopt a dog from a breeder or a rescue organization. To collect his data, he took the population from his surrounding city and divided the population into males and females then chose 10 people from each group to survey. What type of sample is he using to complete his survey? a. Systemic Sampling b. Convenience sampling c. Stratified sampling d. Cluster sampling
C. Stratified sampling
148. Two-way ANOVA does NOT conduct which of the following tests? A. Test for an effect from the column factor. B. Test for an effect of an interaction between the row factor and column factor. C. Test for an effect of variance in the row factor and column factor. D. Test for an effect from the row factor.
C. Test for an effect of variance in the row factor and column factor.
32. Which of the following statements is true for a standard deviation? A. The standard deviation is never negative and is only one when all data values are the same numbers B. Standard deviation is always negative C. The standard deviation is never negative and is only zero when all data values are the same numbers D. Standard deviation is never positive
C. The standard deviation is never negative and is only zero when all data values are the same numbers
114. When interpreting r, if r=0 then A.It has a weak correlation. B.It has strong negative linear correlation C. The two samples are uncorrelated D. They are numbered pairs of the same data
C. The two samples are uncorrelated
156. A _________ test is a test of relationship of different categories and if they affect each other separately. A. Right Tailed B. Left Tailed C. Two Way Anova D. Hypothesis
C. Two Way Anova
124. The numerical measure showing the strength of relationship between 2 variables is called the _____. A.Test statistic B.p-value C.Correlation coefficient D.Degrees of freedom
C.Correlation coefficient
65. Which denotes the probability that the z score is greater than "a". A.P(z<a<1) B.P(b<z) C.P(z>a) D.F(z>a)
C.P(z>a)
92. Which distribution is used when testing claims about a population proportion? A.Uniform distribution B.F-distribution C.Standard normal distribution D.Binomial distribution
C.Standard normal distribution
19. How is a class width calculated? A. maximum data value + minimum data value/ number of classes B.(maximum data value)(minimum data value)/ number of classes C.maximum data value-minimum data value/ number of classes D. maximum data value/minimum data value/ number of classes
C.maximum data value-minimum data value/ number of classes
140. What would be the null and the alternative hypothesis for a Test of Independence and what would be the name of the table created for a Test of Independence? A) H0= The row and column variables are independent. H1= The row and column variables are dependent The table created is called contingency table. B) H0= The row and column variables are dependent. H1= The row and column variables are independent. The table created is called contingency table. C) H0= The row and column variables are independent. H1= The row and column variables are dependent. The table created is called relativity table. D) H0= The row and column variables are dependent. H1= The row and column variables are independent. The table created is called variable table.
A) H0= The row and column variables are independent. H1= The row and column variables are dependent The table created is called contingency table.
153. Which of the following statements is not a requirement of an ANOVA test? A) The samples are dependent on each other. B) The populations have normal distributions. C) The samples are simple random samples. D) The populations have the same standard deviation.
A) The samples are dependent on each other.
. How do a parameter and a statistic differ? A. A parameter is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a population; a statistic is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a sample. B. They are the same C. A parameter is a numerical measurement of a sample; a statistic is a numerical measurement of a population. D. A parameter is a qualitative measurement of a population; a statistic is a quantitative measurement of a population.
A. A parameter is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a population; a statistic is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a sample.
. A telemarketer makes a phone call to each home in the area to ask who they voted for in the upcoming election. This is an example of what kind of sampling method? A.Voluntary response sample B.Stratified sampling C.Cluster sample D.Systematic random sample
A.Voluntary response sample
57. Determine whether the following probability experiment represents a binomial experiment and explain the reason for your answer. An experiment for a New Insulin Product was tested with 220 people, with the number of individuals responding favorable recorded. Does the probability experiment represent a binomial experiment? A.Yes, because the experiment satisfies all the criteria for a binomial experiment. B. No, because there are more than two mutually exclusive outcomes for each trial. C. No, because the trials of the experiment are not independent. D. Yes, because there are more than three outcomes.
A.Yes, because the experiment satisfies all the criteria for a binomial experiment.
103. Which of the following choices could be a null hypothesis? A.p1 = p2 B. p1 ≠p2 C. p1 < p2 D. p1 > p2
A.p1 = p2
84.A college advisor wants to find the percentage of students pursuing a degree in a medical related field without having to survey every student on campus. The previous year had 16% of students pursuing a degree in a medical field. How many students would have to be surveyed to have a 99% confidence that the sample percentage is no more than 2 percentage points? Use technology to find the answer. A) 8,918 B) 2,230 C) 5,163 D) 1,291
B) 2,230
98. Claim: the proportion of girl babies born is less than 0.7. If the p-value is greater than 0.05, which of the following is the correct conclusion? Use a significance level of .05 for the problem. A) There is sufficient evidence to support original claim. B) There is no sufficient evidence to support original claim. C) There is not sufficient evidence to reject original claim. D)There is sufficient evidence to reject original claim.
B) There is no sufficient evidence to support original claim
72. A z-score can be used to distinguish between sample statistics that are likely to occur and those that are unlikely to occur. This z-score is called_____. a. P-value b. Critical value c. Point estimate d. Margin of error
b. Critical value
16. The normal distribution graph is characterized by? a. Frequencies start high and stay high b. Frequencies start low, go high, then go low again c. The distribution is not bell-shaped d. The frequencies form a straight line
b. Frequencies start low, go high, then go low again
131. Which is not a requirement for a goodness-of-fit test? A)Data is randomly selected B)Sample data consists of frequency counts for each of the different categories C)For each category, the expected frequency is at least 5 D)The categories must be dependent of each other
D)The categories must be dependent of each other
146. Which of the following is NOT a property of F-distribution A)The graph is not symmetric. B)The values have to be equal to zero or higher. C)The exact shape depends on two different degrees of freedom. D)The value can be negative.
D)The value can be negative
A company put out a poll to survey U.S. adults on which household pet they prefer. Of the 2378 adults surveyed, 32% said they preferred dogs over cats, hamsters, and birds. What could be the actual number of adults who said they prefer dogs? A.784 B.671 C.546 D.760
D. 760
31. According to the empirical rule, what percent of values do NOT fall within two standard deviations of the mean? A. 70% B.90% C. 95% D. 99.7%
D. 99.7%
137. How do you compute an expected frequency if the results are all equal and not all equal? A. E = np; E = n/k B. E = n/p; E = nk C. E = nk; E = n/p D. E = n/k; E = np
D. E = n/k; E = np
Consider the question: Do you support the confiscation of every gun even though they protect our children from the people in the world? What is statistically wrong with this question? a. Nothing. b. Its does not apply to statistics. c. It's probably going to have a high nonresponse rate. d. It's a loaded question.
D. It's a loaded question
115. Which of the following names can the ŷ variable in the regression equation be called? A. Explanatory variable B. Predictor variable C. Independent variable D. Response variable
D. Response variable
95. Which is one of the correct requirements for testing claims about a population proportion p? A. Q is the assumed proportion B. The conditions np ≤ 5 and nq ≤ 5 are both satisfied C. The sample observations are a random sample D. The conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied
D. The conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied
68. The density curve must satisfy which of the following property/properties? A.The total area under the curve must equal 1. B.Every point on the curve must have a vertical height that is 0 or greater. C.The curve should have a bell-shape D.A and B only.
D.A and B only.
18. Which of the following statements correctly describes class midpoints? A. The smallest numbers that can belong B. The difference between 2 consecutive lower class numbers in a frequency distribution C.The numbers used to separate classes, but without the gaps created by class limits D.The values in the middle of the class
D.The values in the middle of the class
104. Which is not a requirement when comparing two independent means using two samples from each population? A. σ1 and σ2 are unknown and no assumption is made about the equality of σ1 and σ2. B.The two samples are independent. C.Either or both of these conditions are satisfied: The two sample sizes are both large (with n1 >30 and n2 > 30) or both populations have normal distributions. D.the two samples can be treated as matched pairs of values.
D.the two samples can be treated as matched pairs of values.
42. What is an example of an independent event? a. Reaching into a jar of assorted cookies and pulling out a chocolate chip cookie and selecting a coke from the vending machine. b. Stealing from a store and going to jail. c. Driving over the speed limit and getting pulled over. d. None of above
a. Reaching into a jar of assorted cookies and pulling out a chocolate chip cookie
154. When doing a two-way ANOVA test, what is the hypothesis test testing? a. H0: there is an effect due to interaction between the two factors H1: there is no effect due to interaction between the two factors b. H0: there is no effect due to interaction between the two factors H1: there is an effect due to interaction between the two factors c. H0: there is no effect due to interaction between the two factors H1: there is some effect due to interaction between the two factors d. H0: there is some effect due to interaction between the two factors H1: there is no effect due to interaction between the two factors
b. H0: there is no effect due to interaction between the two factors
143. What requirement is NOT met in the example below of a two-way ANOVA test? In an observational study of obese Americans, doctors studied random patients according to the BMI scale categorization of obese, overweight, and normal a. The different samples are categorized in only one way b. Both samples are independent of each other. c. The study compares multiple groups of two factors. d. One of the samples effects the other.
a. The different samples are categorized in only one way
111. Which of the following is not a requirement for a regression analysis? a. The sample of paired (x,y) data is a simple random sample. b. The sample of paired (x,y) data is a random sample of quantitative data. c. Visual examination of the scatterplot shows that the points approximate a straight line pattern. d. Any outliers must be removed if they are known to be errors. Consider the effects of any outliers that are not known to be errors
a. The sample of paired (x,y) data is a simple random sample.
150. Which one of the following are NOT the requirements of two-way ANOVA? a. The samples are simple random samples of qualitative data. b. The samples are independent of each other. c. The sample values are categorized in two ways. d. All cells have the same number of value samples.
a. The samples are simple random samples of qualitative data.
38. A maze designer is using a software design that selects the number of left and right turns for a layout for the exit to the maze. The designer wanted an equal number of 50 turns to the exit. Use the rule of thumb to find maximum and minimum number of turns for the maze exit. N= 50, p=0.5, q=0.5 a. minimal turns=24, maximum turns=26 b. minimal turns= 25, maximum turns= 28 c. minimal turns= 19, maximum turns= 30 d. minimal turns= 18, maximum turns=26
a. minimal turns=24, maximum turns=26
21. A___ are sample values that lie very far away from the rest of the samples. a. Outliers b. Range c. Midrange d. Standard deviation
a. outliers
27. Which measure of variation is very sensitive to extreme values? A.Range B. Mode C. Midpoint D. Standard Deviation
a. range
30. Which of the following is a usual value for a z score? a. z= 0 b. z= 2.2 c. z= -3 d. z= 10
a. z= 0
87. What is a hypothesis? a. A standard procedure for testing a claim about a property of a population. b. A claim or statement about a property of a population. c. A statement that the value of a population parameter is equal to some claimed value. d. A statement that the value of a population parameter has a value that somehow differs from the null hypothesis.
b. A claim or statement about a property of a population.
85. What is a hypothesis test? a. A statement that the value of a population parameter is equal to some claimed value. b. A standard procedure for testing a claim about a property of a population parameters. c. A statement that the parameter has a value that somehow differs from the null hypothesis. d. Value used in making a decision about the null hypothesis
b. A standard procedure for testing a claim about a property of a population parameters.
48. Assume that 1000 births are randomly selected. Out of these 1000 births, 389 are boys. Use judgement to decipher whether the given outcome is unlikely, and whether it is unusual in regards to skewing far from what is normally suspected. Determine whether exactly 389 boys out of 1000 births is unlikely? a. It is not unlikely because boys are less common than girls. b. It is not unlikely because 389 is more than one third of 1000 c. It is unlikely because there are other possible outcomes that have higher probability d. It is unlikely because 389 is not half of 1000
c. It is unlikely because there are other possible outcomes that have higher probability
37. Given this set of numbers {1,3,3,3,4,5,5,4,10,5} what is the mean, mode (if there is one), and determine whether it is Bimodal, Multimodal or has no mode. a. Mean = 4 / Mode = 3,4,5 / Multimodal b. Mean = 4.3 / Mode = 3,4 / Bimodal c. Mean = 4.3 / Mode = 3,5 / Bimodal d. Mean = 4.3 / no mode
c. Mean = 4.3 / Mode = 3,5 / Bimodal
74. A confidence level is the ___ a. Probability that the true point estimate will fall within a confidence interval b. Amount of samples that fall within a given confidence interval c. Measure of confidence that a confidence interval will contain the true point estimate d. Measure of confidence that an experiment holds viable and trustworthy results
c. Measure of confidence that a confidence interval will contain the true point estimate
39. The Formal Multiplication Rule for Dependent Events is represented by the formula: a. P (A and B) = P(A) x P(B) b. P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - 2 x P (A and B) c. P (A and B) = P(A) x P(B/A) d. P (A or B) = P(A) - P(B) - 2 x P (A and B)
c. P (A and B) = P(A) x P(B/A)
108. Which of the following methods are equivalent? a. P-value method, critical value method, and confidence interval b. Critical value and confidence interval c. P-value and critical value d. None are equivalent
c. P-value and critical value
88. What is a type I error? a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. b. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is true. c. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. d. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false.
c. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
83. Which of the following is the best point estimate of the population proportion p? a. Sample mean x̅ b. Sample variance s2 c. Sample proportion p̂ d. Sample standard deviation s
c. Sample proportion p̂
121. What kind of pattern do we look for when testing for linear correlation of two variables? a. Curved relationship b. Goodness of fit relationship c. Straight line d. Normally distributed relationship 121. What interpretation of r indicates a strong positive linear correlation? =0 A) r≈0 B) r≈1 C) r≈−1 D) r=0
c. Straight line B) r≈1
133. Which of the following is false regarding a goodness of fit test (GOF)? a. A GOF tests the hypothesis that an observed frequency distribution fits some claimed distribution b. Degree of freedom is k-1 c. The p-value is not relevant for this test d. A GOF test is always right tailed
c. The p-value is not relevant for this test
54. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the binomial probability distribution? a. The trials must be independent. b. There must be a fixed number of trials. c. The probability of success must be different for all trials. d. Each trial must have the outcomes classified in two different categories.
c. The probability of success must be different for all trials.
142. What is the purpose of one-way ANOVA tests? a. Uses samples from exactly two populations to test a claim that the population all have the same mean. b. Uses sample from exactly three populations to test a claim that the populations all have the same mean. c. Uses samples from three or more different populations to test a claim that the populations all have the same mean. d. Uses samples from three or more different populations to test a claim that the populations all different means.
c. Uses samples from three or more different populations to test a claim that the populations all have the same mean
50. If the probability of an event is 0.024 is the event unlikely? a. No, because the probability is less than 0.05. b. Yes, because the probability is greater than 0.05. c. Yes, because the probability is less than 0.05. d. No, because the probability is greater than 0.05.
c. Yes, because the probability is less than 0.05
73. Identify the degrees of freedom formula for a t-distribution. a. n + 1 b. n/2 - 1 c. n-1 d. n2
c. n-1
122. When using a goodness-of-fit test we test the claimed distribution and the sample, what is true about the test statistic between the observed and expected claimed? a. the test statistic should be large b. the test statistic should equal 1 c. the test statistic should be small d. the test statistic should equal 0
c. the test statistic should be small
52. Find the probability of waiting uniform distribution between 0 and 9 minutes. Find the probability of randomly selecting waiting less than 3.75 minutes. a. 0.39 b. 0.48 c. 0.30 d. 0.41
d. 0.41
70. Assume that UAB stats students have test scores that are normally distributed with a mean of u=82 and a standard deviation of o=4. Find the probability that a randomly selected UAB students scored between 74 and 91. a. 0.0176 b. 0.912 c. 0.345 d. 0.965
d. 0.965
59. Which of the following is not a random variable at all. a. The number of points scored during a UAB football game b. The amount of snow in Birmingham in January c. The weight of a randomly selected rescue dog d. The gender of McDonalds employees e. The numbers of shots taken before a goal is finally scored
d. The gender of McDonalds employees
126. What does the test statistic of the goodness-of-fit test describe? a. To determine if two sets of data are significantly different. b. Whether or not the test will be right-tailed or left-tailed. c. Help determine what data model best fits the population that was sampled. d. The relative variance between expected and observed frequencies.
d. The relative variance between expected and observed frequencies.
129. What is the alternative hypothesis for in a test of independence? a. The row and column variables are sometimes independent. b. The row and column variables are independent. c. The row and column variables are sometimes dependent. d. The row and column variables are dependents.
d. The row and column variables are dependents.
24. What is the measure of center obtained by adding the data values and dividing the total by the number of data values? a. Beta b. The alternative hypothesis c. Standard deviation d. Mean
d. mean
141. When doing a goodness-of-fit test, what is true about the expected and observed frequencies? a. both the expected and observed frequencies need to be whole numbers b. neither the expected or observed frequencies need to be whole numbers c. observed frequencies do not need to be whole numbers, but expected numbers must be whole because they are already calculated d. observed frequencies must be whole numbers because they represent actual counts, but expected numbers do not have to be whole numbers
d. observed frequencies must be whole numbers because they represent actual counts, but expected numbers do not have to be whole numbers
13. Which answer choice accurately describes a histogram's type of data and arrangement? a. Histograms are always skewed to the right and show qualitative data. b. Histograms have bars of equal width, with frequencies on the vertical scale and different quantitative classes on the horizontal scale; they show quantitative data. c. Histograms arrange frequencies in descending order, as shown by the bars' heights; they show qualitative data. d. Histograms have bars of equal width with different categories on the vertical scale and frequencies on the horizontal scale; they show quantitative data.
b. Histograms have bars of equal width, with frequencies on the vertical scale and different quantitative classes on the horizontal scale; they show quantitative data
113. How can you tell if a scatterplot graph has any linear correlation? a. The dots form any kind of pattern b. It approximates a straight line pattern c. You can't tell, you have to do the math d. The graph is bell-shaped
b. It approximates a straight line pattern
22. Why should you be careful when studying the mean of a data set? a. It is rarely used when studying a data set b. It is not resistant to outliers c. You must make sure the data set is in numerical order d. It is a bias estimator of the population standard deviation.
b. It is not resistant to outliers
49. Decide whether the two events are disjoint. Randomly selecting a man taller than 6'2. Randomly selecting someone who has graduated college a. Yes, because the events cannot occur at the same time b. No, because the events can occur at the same time c. Yes, because the events can occur at the same time d. No, because the events cannot occur at the same time
b. No, because the events can occur at the same time
25. If a set of data is skewed, is it a mirror image about the left and right half? a. Yes, because the data is evenly distributed b. No, it is not symmetric and extends more to one side than the other. c. Yes, because it only uses the maximum and minimum values d. No, the value that occurs determine if its symmetric
b. No, it is not symmetric and extends more to one side than the other.
147. For a one way ANOVA test, what represents the degrees of freedom of F distributions numerator, denominator? a. Numerator: N-k, denominator: k-1 b. Numerator: k-1, denominator: N-k c. Numerator: N+k, denominator: k+1 d. Numerator: k+1, denominator: N+k
b. Numerator: k-1, denominator: N-k
112. When using regression for prediction , if the equation appears to be making an unfit line, use which value? a. P-value b. Sample mean y bar c. Sample mean x bar d. Population mean y bar
b. Sample mean y bar
134. In a test of independence, the null hypothesis is a. There is a correlation between the variables b. That the variables are independent c. The variables are dependent on each other d. That the rows correlate with the columns
b. That the variables are independent
66. When interpreting a confidence interval that does not contain 0, you can conclude _________. a. That proportion 1 is less than proportion 2 b. That there is a significant difference between the 2 proportions c. That proportion 1 is greater than proportion 2 d. That the two proportions could be equal to each other
b. That there is a significant difference between the 2 proportions
128. What is the null hypothesis for a goodness-of-fit test? a. The frequency counts do not agree with the claimed distribution. b. The frequency counts agree with the claimed distribution. c. At least one frequency count does not agree with the claimed distribution. d. At least one frequency count agrees with the claimed distribution.
b. The frequency counts agree with the claimed distribution.
61. Which of the following is NOT a requirement for probability distribution? a. All probabilities must be between 0 and 1. b. The probabilities can be non-numerical. c. The sum of the probabilities must equal 1. d. Its values must be associated with corresponding probability.
b. The probabilities can be non-numerical.
110. Which of the following is not a requirement for a correlation coefficient? a. The sample of a paired data is a random sample of quantitative data. b. The sample of paired data is a random sample of a qualitative data c. Visual examination of the scatterplot must confirm that the points approximate a straight line pattern d. None of the above e. All of the above
b. The sample of paired data is a random sample of a qualitative data
97. Alex obtained a p-value of 0.1 using a significance level of 0.05 and accepted the null hypothesis. What was her mistake? a. Type 1 error b. Type 2 error c. Type 3 error d. No mistake was made
b. Type 2 error
55. A discrete random variable is either a finite number of values or countable number of values (resulting from a counting process). Choose an answer which cannot be a discrete random variable. a. Number of students in the MA180 class. b. Weight of students in the MA180 class c. Number of siblings of students in the MA180 class d. Number of sections of the MA180 course
b. Weight of students in the MA180 class
109. What interval does the linear correlation coefficient, r, fall under? a. [0,1] b. [-1,1] c. [-1,0] d. [-.5,.5]
b. [-1,1]
17. What type of graph does the following statement describe: Graph where each data value is plotted as a point along a horizontal scale of values. If there are multiple data points on 1 value, the dots are stacked vertically on top. A. Scatterplot B. Dotplot C. Stemplot D. Bar Graph
b. dotplot
26. The number of standard deviations above or below the mean: a. Chi Squared b. Z Score c. Mean d. Sample Population
b. z score
78. What is the mean of a student t distribution? a)σ=0 b) z=0 c) t=0 d) t=n
c) t=0
100. What are the requirements for testing two means from two independent samples when σ1and σ2 are known? a. 2 samples are independent, random, sample sizes are less than 30 or both normally distributed. b. 2 samples are independent and random samples. c. 2 samples are independent, random, sample sizes are greater than 30 or both normally distributed. d. 2 samples are independent and normally distributed.
c. 2 samples are independent, random, sample sizes are greater than 30 or both normally distributed.
53. What is a defining characteristic of a binomial probability distribution? a. There are infinitely many categories. b. It has only 3 categories. c. All outcomes classified into two categories, such as success or failure. d.The probability of success is different in each trial
c. All outcomes classified into two categories, such as success or failure.
20. A normal distribution is characterized by a. Height and width b. Center and height c. Center and width d. Size and center
c. Center and width
67. If your values take infinitely many values, you have a ___________ variable. a. Binomial probability b. Uniform distribution c. Continuous random d. Discrete random
c. Continuous random
41. Events A and B are ____ events if they cannot occur at the same time. a. Compound b. Complementary c. Disjoint d. Independent
c. Disjoint
107. Which statement is not true of F Distribution? a. F distribution is not symmetrical b. F distribution values can't be negative c. F distribution is always skewed to the right d. The shape of F distribution is dependent on the two different degrees of freedom
c. F distribution is always skewed to the right
94. Sam hypothesized that, on average, people exercise less than the recommended 30 minutes of exercise each day. What is Sam's null and alternative hypothesis? a. H0: μ = 30 H1: μ > 30 b. H0: μ≠ 30 H1: μ< 30 c. H0: μ= 30 H1: μ< 30 d. H0: μ< 30 H1: μ≠ 30
c. H0: μ= 30 H1: μ< 30
62.How many 3-digit numbers can you make using the digits 1, 3, and 9 without repetition? A) 6 B) 11 C) 3 D) 24
A) 6
157. Which is not a property of F Distribution? A. Graph skewed to the left B. Not Symmetric C. Values cannot be negative D. The exact shape depends on the 2 different degrees of freedom
A. Graph skewed to the left
89. In an elementary school poll, out of a group of 600 randomly picked students, 3 students said that they did not believe in Santa Claus. Use a 0.05 significance level to test that claim that 1% of the students say that they do not believe in Santa Claus. Identify the null hypothesis. A. H0: p = 0.01 H1: p ≠ 0.01 B. H0: p = 0.99 H1: p ≠ 0.99 C. H0: p = 0.05 H1: p ≠ 0.05 D. H0: p = 0.95 H1: p ≠0.95
A. H0: p = 0.01 H1: p ≠ 0.01
116.How do you indicate a linear correlation for hypothesis testing? A. If the P-value is less than the significance level 0.05 B. If the P-value is greater than the significance level 0.05 C. A linear correlation cannot be indicated D. If the linear correlation coefficient, r, equals 0
A. If the P-value is less than the significance level 0.05
10. Which of the following types of measurement would you categorize the responses to the survey question: What is your favorite color? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
A. Nominal
46. Which formula is NOT a rule for Complementary Events? A. P(A) - P(Ā) = -1 B. P(A) + P(Ā)= 1 C.P(Ā) = 1 - P(A) D. P(A) = 1- P(Ā)
A. P(A) - P(Ā) = -1
Given the data in the table below, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of blood pressure? Blood Pressure (Age 18-27) Female Male 122/84 119/79 120/80 121/80 128/86 126/87 122/82 123/84 130/83 128/84 140/90 136/89 124/82 128/86 127/86 136/87 A. The data can be used to address the issue of whether males or females have blood pressure with the same average (mean) values. B. The data can be used to address the issue of whether treating patients with blood pressure medication can lower their pulse rates. C. The data can be used to address the issue of whether males or females feel more concerned about their blood pressure. D. The data can be used to address the issue of whether there is a noticeable bias in the study.
A. The data can be used to address the issue of whether males or females have blood pressure with the same average (mean) values.
101. Determine whether the samples are independent or dependent. A data set included the daily number of push-ups done by 75 randomly selected men and 75 randomly selected women. A. The samples are independent because there is not a natural pairing between the 2 samples. B. The samples are independent because there is a natural pairing between the 2 samples. C. The samples are dependent because there is not a natural pairing between the 2 samples. D. The samples are dependent because there is a natural pairing between the two samples.
A. The samples are independent because there is not a natural pairing between the 2 samples.
12. What type of data is this: Amount of fabric needed for a dress is 2.5 yards. a. This is continuous data. b. This is discreet data. c. This is false data d. This is unreliable data
A. This is continuous data
149. Which formula is correct for finding the Test Statistic in a One-Way ANOVA? A. Variance between samples over variance within samples. B. Variance within samples over variance between samples. C. MS (Interaction) over MS (error) D. MS (error) over MS (Interaction)
A. Variance between samples over variance within samples.
14. The population of contestant heights at the international scuba diving contest with children who had professions in the military is 42, 59, 62, 54, 37. Why does it not make sense to construct a histogram for this data set? A. With a data set that is so small, the true nature of the distribution cannot be seen with a histogram. B. This data set would yield a histogram that is not bell-shaped. C. There must be an even number of data values in the data set to create a histogram. D. Adequate class boundaries for a histogram cannot be found with this data set.
A. With a data set that is so small, the true nature of the distribution cannot be seen with a histogram
. In the _____ level of measurement, date can be arranged in some order, but there is no numerical difference between data. a. Ordinal b. Ratio c. Interval d. Nominal
A. ordinal
136. Which of the following results from a goodness-of-fit test would be present if an observed frequency distribution fit a claimed distribution? A.A close agreement between the observed and expected values resulting in a small chi- squared value and large P-value B. A large disagreement between the observed and expected values resulting in a large chi- squared value and small P-value C.A close agreement between the observed and expected values resulting in a large chi- squared value and small P-value D.A large disagreement between the observed and expected values resulting in a small chi -squared value and large P-value
A.A close agreement between the observed and expected values resulting in a small chi- squared value and large P-value
80. With theta unknown, which distribution would we use to construct a confidence interval for the population mean. A.Student t distribution B.Standard normal distribution C.Z distribution D.Chi-square distribution
A.Student t distribution
77. Express the confidence interval of (0.056, 0.340) in the form of p^-E<p<p^+E a. 0.056<p<0.340 b. 0.340<p<0.056 c. 0.056>p>0.340 d. 0.340>p>0.056
a. 0.056<p<0.340
60. Assume that a procedure yields a normal binomial distribution w/ a trial repeated n times. Use binomial probability formula to find the probability of x successes given the probability p of success on a single trial. n=14 x=8 p=0.75 Find P(3)= a. 0.0734 b. 0.1034 c. 0.0216 d. 0.0799
a. 0.0734
43. In a certain study, it was found that there is a 35% chance of encountering a bobcat in the wild while hunting. Express the indicated degree of likelihood as a probability value between 0 and 1 inclusive. a. 0.35 b. 0.65 c. 0.20 d. 0.72
a. 0.35
71. Find the following critical value: z.05. (Use table A-2 or technology) a. 1.645 b. 2.575 c. 0.950 d. 0.995
a. 1.645
75. What is the definition of a CI (Confidence Interval) or interval estimate? a. A range or an interval of values used to estimate the true value of a population parameter. b. A range or an interval of random variables used to estimate the true value of a population parameter. c. How much you feel confidence about yourself. d. How much you feel confidence about your math skills.
a. A range or an interval of values used to estimate the true value of a population parameter.
64. ______ tells us that distribution of sample mean x-bar for a sample size n approaches a normal distribution, as sample size n increases. a. Central limit theorem b. Z-score c. Sampling distribution d. Critical values
a. Central limit theorem
139. What is another term for two-way frequency table? a. Contingency table b. Observed frequency table c. Expected frequency table d. Chi square table
a. Contingency table
144. A key factor for determining whether to use one-way ANOVA vs. two-way ANOVA a. Data is categorized by 1 or 2 factors respectively b. One data set is paired/dependent with another c. The graph for the data sets are distributed differently from one another d. When trying to determine the mode of each data set
a. Data is categorized by 1 or 2 factors respectively
23. The empirical rule describes _______. a. Data sets having a distribution that is bell-shaped. b. A data set skewed in any direction due to an outlier. c. The distance of a data point from the mean. d. A value that is unusual due to differing from the mean by more than two standard deviations.
a. Data sets having a distribution that is bell-shaped.
106. Two samples consist of matched pairs, where the matches are based on some relationship, this also known as a. Dependent samples b. Independent samples c. Variation d. Causation
a. Dependent samples
155. In a one-way ANOVA test, the test statistic means "the total relative variation of values between each sample". What does the equation look like? a. F= variance between samples divided by variance within samples b. F= variance within samples divided by variance between samples c. F= variance between samples divided by the sum of variances of samples d. F= variance within samples divided by the sum of variances of samples
a. F= variance between samples divided by variance within samples
123. When using the p-value method to find the linear correlation, what are the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis? a. H0: p=0 H1: p≠0 b. H0: p>0 H1: p=0 c. H0: p<0 H1: p=0 d. H0: p>0 H1: p≠0
a. H0: p=0 H1: p≠0
99. Which of the following is false about interpreting confidence intervals? a. If p1 > p2, then the CI should be mostly negative. b. If p1=p2, then the CI should contain 0. c. If p1 > p2, then the CI should be mostly positive. d. If p1< p2, then the CI should be mostly negative
a. If p1 > p2, then the CI should be mostly negative.
127. What does the test of independence test for? a. It tests whether a pair of row and column variable are independent of each other. b. It tests for dependence between a pair of row and column variables c. It is conducted to determine the average variance between data points in a contingency table. d. It is conducted to determine the F-value
a. It tests whether a pair of row and column variable are independent of each other.
29. Which of the following is a resistant measure of center? a. Median b. Mean c. Variance d. Standard deviation
a. Median
82. In estimating a population proportion, which of the following does sample size NOT depend on? a. Population size (N) b. Desired level of confidence c. Desired margin of error d. Known estimate of p^
a. Population size (N)
56. Determine whether the value is a discrete random variable, continuous random variable, or not a random variable. a. The amount of leaves in December in City Upper A b. The number of people with blood type 0 c. The time it takes to eat a 50 lbs burger d. The number of hits a youtuber gets in an hour e. The number of students studying for finals week f. The exact time it takes to evaluate 50+780 a. Is the amount of leaves in December in City Upper A a discrete random sample, a continuous random variable, or not a random variable A.It is a discrete random variable. B.It is a continuous random variable. C.It is not a random variable b. Is the number of people with blood type O a discrete random sample, a continuous random variable, or not a random variable A.It is a discrete random variable B.It is a continuous random variable. C.It is not a random variable c. Is the time it takes to eat a 50 lbs burger a discrete random sample, a continuous random variable, or not a random variable A.It is a discrete random variable. B.It is a continuous random variable. C.It is not a random variable d. Is the number of likes a youtuber gets within an hour a discrete random sample, a continuous random variable, or not a random variable. A.It is a discrete random variable. B.It is a continuous random variable. C.It is not a random variable e. Is the exact time it takes to evaluate 50+780 a discrete random sample, a continuous random variable, or not a random variable. A.It is a discrete random variable. B.It is a continuous random variable. C.It is not a random variable
a.A.It is a discrete random variable b.A.It is a discrete random variable c.B.It is a continuous random variable d.A.It is a discrete random variable.
152. What is the test statistic for a two-way ANOVA? a.F=ms(interaction)/ms(error) b.F=ms(row)/ms(error) c.F=ms(column)/ms(error) d.F=n-s2v/s2v
a.F=ms(interaction)/ms(error)
90. Which sign is used in the alternative hypothesis (H1) for representing a two-tailed test? a)= b)≠ c)< d)>
b)≠
119. Which of the following is NOT one of the properties of Linear Correlation Coefficient r? a. The value of r is always between -1 and 1 inclusive. b. r is not sensitive to outliers c. r measures the strength of a linear relationship. d. If all values of either variable are converted to a different scale, the value of r does not change.
b. r is not sensitive to outliers
33. Not a measure of center? a. Mean b. Midrange c. Median d. Census
d. Census
120. The linear correlation coefficient r: a. Is not sensitive to outliers. b. Has a value usually a value greater than 1. c. Represents variables that are not normally distributed. d. Is not changed by the choice of x- and y-values.
d. Is not changed by the choice of x- and y-values.
63. What property does not correspond with the standard normal distribution? a. Its graph is bell shaped. b. Its mean is equal to 0. c. Its symmetric about the center and standard deviation is equal to 1. d. Its mean is equal to 1.
d. Its mean is equal to 1.
96. What type of test is demonstrated below? a. Hypothesis b. Two tailed c. Right tailed d. Left tailed
d. Left tailed
34. Which is a measure of center? a. Standard deviation b. Coefficient of variation c. Variance d. Mode
d. Mode
118. What is the difference between positive correlation and negative correlation? a. Positive correlation is when the x-value increases, the y-value decreases. b. Negative correlation is when the x-value decreases, the y-value decreases. c. Negative correlation is when there is no correlation. d. Positive correlation is when the x-value increases, the y-value increases.
d. Positive correlation is when the x-value increases, the y-value increases.
40. Which of the following is not true about probability? a. For any event A, the probability of A is between 0 and 1 inclusive. 0 ≤P(A)≤ 1. b. The probability of an event that is certain to occur is c. The probability of an impossible event is zero. d. Probability must be expressed as a whole number.
d. Probability must be expressed as a whole number.
86. The critical region, when testing a claim about a proportion, is the set of all values of the test statistic that cause us to ______ the null hypothesis. a. Accept b. Prove c. Change d. Reject
d. Reject
15. A frequency distribution_____________. a. Shows the probability of a set of values b. Compares the means of samples c. Is always a right tailed test d. Shows how data is spread over several categories
d. Shows how data is spread over several categories
91. In hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis a. Supports the same claim as the null hypothesis b. Supports the claim larger than the null hypothesis c. Supports claim smaller than the null hypothesis d. States a claim different from the null hypothesis
d. States a claim different from the null hypothesis
35. What is the difference between symmetric and skewed to the right? a. Symmetric is when the mean, median, and mode are equal, skewed to the right is negative. b. Symmetric is when the mode is greater than the median and mean, skewed to the right is positive. c. Symmetric is when the mode is less than the median and mean, skewed to the right is negative. d. Symmetric is when the mean, median, and mode are equal, skewed to the right is positive.
d. Symmetric is when the mean, median, and mode are equal, skewed to the right is positive.
151. Which is not a characteristic of the f-distribution? a. Right tailed b. Values cannot be negative c. Exact shape is dependent on 2 degrees of freedom d. Symmetrical
d. Symmetrical
