Structuralism Key Terms and Concepts

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Binary oppositions

According to structuralism, we interpret the world by juxtaposing two opposite concepts against each other

Diachronic

Proceeds according to time by considering the order in which characteristics/details appear in a work - Chronological approach

Signifier

Sound-image that represents a concept, - Ex: Sound of Book represents the concept

Referent

The Physical object represented - Physical book, with a bound cover and pages, would be an example

Signified

The concept the sound-image represents - When you "book", you know it refers to a book

Parole

The use of language, which is an utterance or individual instance of language such as a sentence or a poem.

Arbitrary Nature of Language

We choose what each sign in our language means

Intertextuality

Writing or reading a text in relation to another - used by structuralists to gauge how texts fit into the system

Essentialism

Core belief that you believe there is a natural truth or essence behind a belief - rejected by structuralism because we have constructed reality through language

Saussure

Developed the key ideas of structuralism in his book "Course in General Linguistics"

Difference-based reality

Our reality is a system of comparisons and relations that produce meaning.

Langue

Overall System of Language and The Language as a Whole

Synchronic

Proceeding without regard to time, general characteristics without considering the order in which they appear


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