sUAS Updated Questions
You're operating a fixed-wing UA over barren ground on a hot day at low-altitude. You can expect to encounter?
bumpy, turbulent air. Different surfaces radiate heat in varying amounts. Plowed ground, rocks, sand, and barren land give off a large amount of heat; water, trees, and other areas of vegetation tend to absorb and retain heat. This uneven heating of the air creates small areas of local circulation called convective currents. Convective currents cause that bumpy, turbulent air sometimes experienced when flying at lower altitudes during warmer weather. On a low-altitude flight over different types of surfaces, updrafts are likely to occur over areas like pavement or sand, and downdrafts often occur over water or expansive areas of vegetation like a group of trees.
Consistent adherence to approved checklists is a sign of a
disciplined and competent pilot.
A small UA must be operated in a manner which
does not endanger the life or property of another.
A series of judgemental errors which can lead to a human factors-related accident is sometimes referred to as the
error chain
Moisture is added to air by
evaporation and sublimation.
A stall occurs when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane's wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing
exceeds its critical angle of attack.
An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter is likely to result in
fog If an air mass is moving inland from the coast in winter, you've got moist air from the ocean moving over cooler land masses. Stable air masses with poor surface visibility can produce steady precipitation, low stratus clouds and fog. Think about the beautiful and foggy winter beaches of northern California, Oregon, or Washington. That's advection fog caused by stable air masses moving inland.
An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter is likely to result in
fog.
The basic drive for a pilot to demonstrate the "right stuff" can have an adverse effect on safety, by
generating tendencies that lead to practices that are dangerous, often illegal, and may lead to a mishap.
If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the density altitude is
higher than pressure altitude.
What can an extreme case of a pilot getting behind the aircraft can lead to the operational pitfall of?
loss of situational awareness.
For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth's surface of the
lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration.
A thunderstorm will reach its greatest intensity during the
mature stage.
You plan to release golf balls from your small UA at an altitude of 100 feet AGL. You must ensure the objects being dropped will
not create an undue hazard to persons or property.
In the TAF from KOKC, the clear sky becomes: KOKC 051130Z 0512/0618 14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 TEMPO 0513/0516 1 1/2SM BR FM051600 18010KT P6SM SKC BECMG 0522/0524 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020 PROB40 0600/0606 2SM TSRA OVC008CB BECMG 0606/0608 21015KT P6SM SCT040=
overcast at 2,000 feet during the forecast period between 2200Z and 2400Z. (SKC BECMG 0522/0524 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020)
Density altitude is defined by
pressure altitude and ambient temperature.
What is the meaning of the remarks in the following METAR report: SPECI KMDW 121856Z 32005KT 1 1/2SM RA OVC007 17/16 A2980 RMK RAB35
rain began at 1835Z. (Thirty Minutes Ago)
According to 14 CFR Part 107, the responsibility to inspect the small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) to ensure it is in a safe operating condition rests with the:
remote pilot-in-command.
Pilots who become apprehensive for their safety for any reason should
request assistance immediately.
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to
sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.
Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) is a
systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action for a given set of circumstances.
Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) is a
systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action for a given set of circumstances. Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) is a systematic mental approach to consistently determine the best course of action in a given situation. A remote pilot-in-command uses a number of resources to safely operate an unmanned aerial system -- human resources like visual observers or other folks manipulating the controls, hardware, flight software, and other information. The Remote PIC needs to be able to manage each of these resources effectively. When a pilot follows good decision-making practices, the inherent risk in a flight is reduced or even eliminated. The ADM framework can help to identify hazards and to classify the potential threat that these hazards could pose in an operation.
Which technique should a remote pilot use to scan for traffic? A remote pilot should
systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals (no more than 10°).
What can ceiling conditions (cloud base) be calculated from?
temperature and the dew point
The most comprehensive information on a given airport is provided by
the Chart Supplements U.S. (formerly Airport/Facility Directory).
For information about the parachute jumping and glider operations at MAJORS airport, refer to
the Charts Supplement
When operating an unmanned airplane, the remote pilot should consider that the load factor on the wings may be increased any time
the airplane is subjected to maneuvers other than straight-and-level flight.
The mature stage of a thunderstorm begins with
the start of precipitation.
Radiation fog will most likely form when
there is warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.
The recommended entry position to an airport traffic pattern is
to enter 45° at the midpoint of the downwind leg at traffic pattern altitude.
While you're flying your sUAS, icing can form if there's
visible moisture.
Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when
water vapor condenses.
Whats does 110/SFC mean on a sectional?
110/SFC means controlled airspace from the surface up to 11,000 ft. MSL.
What does a small magenta colored flag indicate?
A visual reporting checkpoint or waypoint for manned VFR aircraft. As a drone pilot, you should expect a higher volume of manned aircraft traffic here.
SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions hazardous to which aircraft?
All aircraft
What does [25] mean on a sectional chart?
Class D controlled airspace from the surface up to 2,500 ft. MSL.
How would high density altitude affect the performance of a small unmanned aircraft?
Decreased performance
What is Special Use airspace ?
Defined by areas in which certain activities must be confined or where limitations may be imposed on aircraft operations that are not part of those activities.
Which thunderstorm lifecycle stage is mostly characterized by downdrafts?
Dissipating
When does a UAS have to have special anti-collision lights and how far must they be visable??
If you're flying in one of the two 30-minute civil twilight periods, your aircraft must be equipped with special anti-collision lights that are capable of being visible for at least 3 miles in all directions.
What does the acronym IMSAFE stand for?
Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Emotion
When may hazardous wind shear be expected?
In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence
What effect would moving a payload further aft have on a fixed-wing aircraft's flight performance?
It would make it less stable at both low and high speeds.
What happens when your UA center of gravity (CG) is too far aft, or too far to the back of, your aircraft?
It's more difficult to recover from a stall / more difficult to control
Some of the challenges of flying in freezing temperatures can be:
Lower battery capacity on transmitter, monitor, aircraft power, etc and Poor sensitivity on the control sticks
What does a MTRs with four numbers indicate?
MTRs with four numbers denote routes flown at 1,500 ft. AGL and below. At such a low altitude, this can present challenges to an unmanned aircraft.
What does a MTR's with three digits indicate?
MTRs with three numbers denote routes flown with at least one segment above 1,500 ft. AGL.
If you are operating in the vicinity of an airport that does not have a control tower or UNICOM frequency, what should you use instead to monitor air traffic at that airport?
MULTICOM frequency
Identify the hazardous attitude or characteristic a remote pilot displays while taking risks in order to impress others?
Macho
Which of the following types of operations are excluded from the requirements in Part 107?
Model aircraft for hobby use
How often must you pass a recurrent test every 24 months to keep the license active.
Must pass a recurrent test every 24 months to keep the license active.
How long do you have to report an accident resulted in serious injury or property damage over $500.
Must report an accident to the FAA within 10 calendar days of any operation that results in serious injury or property damage over $500.
How are the altitude numbers indicated on a Sectional Chart?
On a sectional chart, all of the numbers you see that denote altitude are denoted in MSL, unless they are in parentheses. If you see a number in parentheses, that denotes AGL.
To ensure that the unmanned aircraft center of gravity (CG) limits are not exceeded, follow the aircraft loading instructions specified in the
Pilot's Operating Handbook or UAS Flight Manual.
A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?
Poor surface visibility
What effect does high density altitude have on the efficiency of a UA propeller?
Propeller efficiency is decreased.
In the remarks section of the METAR for Midway Airport, what does RAB35 indicate?
Rain began at 35 minutes past the hour.
In the TAF for KMEM, what does "SHRA" stand for?
Rain showers
What is the effect on an aircraft that is overloaded aft of the center of gravity (CG)?
Reduced performance at both low and high speeds
What should you do if your UAS weighs more then 55 pounds?
Register using the FAA's paper-based registration process.
What may be used to assist compliance with Part 107 sUAS see-and-avoid requirements?
Remote PIC diligence
According to 14 CFR Part 107, who is responsible for determining the performance of a small unmanned aircraft?
Remote Pilot in Command
According to 14 CFR Part 107, the responsibility of inspecting a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) lies with the:
Remote pilot-in-command
Safety is an important element for a remote pilot to consider prior to operating an unmanned aircraft system. To prevent the final "link" in the accident chain, a remote pilot must consider which methodology?
Risk Management
Risk management, as part of the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?
Situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgement.
What is the Remote PIC is directly responsible for ?
The Remote PIC is directly responsible for and is the final authority on the operation of the sUAS conducted under Part 107.
If the center of gravity on your aircraft is too far aft (rearward), what is the likely result?
The aircraft will have difficulty recovering from a stalled position
What is the minimal age to register an UAS ?
UAS must be registered by a person who is at least 13 years old.
What is the forecast wind for KMEM from 1600Z until the end of the forecast? KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 1220/1222 1SM TSRA OVC008CB FM122200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 1220/1222 3SM SHRA FM120200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 1202/1205 2SM-RASN BECMG 1306/1308 02008KT BKN012 BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1212/1214 1/2SM FG FM131600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=
Variable in direction at 6 knots (FM131600 VRB06KT )
The __________ is a trained crew member, in visual line-of-sight of the UAS, who assists the pilot in the duties associated with collision avoidance and complying with the applicable rules of flight.
Visual Observer (VO)
What do the flag symbols at Statesboro Bulloch County Airport, Claxton-Evans County Airport, and Ridgeland Airport indicate?
Visual checkpoints to identify position for initial call-up prior to entering Savannah Class C airspace.
A person whose sole task is watching the sUAS to report hazards to the rest of the crew is called:
Visual observer
What does a "W" indicate on a sectional?
Warning areas are similar to Restricted areas but marked with a "W."
In a METAR report what is indicated in the following: "18004KT"
Winds are blowing 180 degrees (South) at 4 Knots, Degrees are indicated in True degrees not magnetic
When adapting crew resource management (CRM) concepts to the operation of a small UA, CRM must be integrated into
all phases of the operation.
AIRMETs are advisories of significant weather phenomena (but of lower intensities than SIGMETs) and are intended for dissemination to
all pilots.
If advice is needed concerning possible flight with an illness, a pilot should contact
an Aviation Medical Examiner.
How far does the FAA recommend to fly horizontally from skeletal structures like radio and television towers to be clear of guy wires?
at least 2000 feet
You're operating a fixed-wing UA over barren ground on a hot day at low-altitude. You can expect to encounter
bumpy, turbulent air.
According to 14 CFR part 107 the remote pilot in command (PIC) of a small unmanned aircraft planning to operate within Class C airspace
is required to receive ATC authorization.
A pilot feels that accidents never happen to him. He recognizes this as a hazardous attitude. To counter this old attitude, he should have a new attitude that
it could happen to him.
In any sUAS flight emergency, rule #1 is to:
maintain aircraft control.
A nonfrontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is known as a
squall line
Generally for aircraft, the most hazardous kind of thunderstorm is a
squall line thunderstorm.
Which thunderstorms are generally the most hazardous to aircraft?
squall line thunderstorms.
An increase in load factor will cause a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft to
stall at a higher airspeed.
When operating an aircraft, the Remote PIC is responsible for using?
the most current weight and balance data.
The most critical conditions of launch performance are the result of some combination of high gross weight, altitude, temperature, and
unfavorable wind
The condition between layers of wind moving in different directions is known as
wind shear.
How is Class B Airspace indicated on a sectional chart??
"Big City" airports marked by solid blue lines, requires airspace authorization.
How is Class C Airspace indicated on a sectional chart?
"City" airports marked by solid magenta lines, requires airspace authorization.
How is Class D Airspace indicated on a sectional chart?
"Diminutive" or "Dime-Sized" airports marked by dotted blue circles or sets of lines, requires airspace authorization.
How much does a commercial aircraft registration cost and how long is it good for??
$5 per aircraft and is good for a period of 3 years.
(Refer to FAA-CT-8080-2G, Figure 21, area 1) How tall is the tallest tower in the group of towers to the south of Minot International Airport?
1,081' AGL
Inbound to an airport with no tower in operation but with a Flight Service Station (FSS) open, a pilot should communicate with the FSS on the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF)
10 miles out.
Some "waivable" sections of Part 107 are:
107.25 Operations from a moving vehicle or aircraft 107.29 Daylight operation 107.31 Visual line of sight aircraft operation 107.33 Visual observer 107.35 Operation of multiple small unmanned aircraft 107.37(a) Operation near aircraft 107.39 Operation over people 107.51(a) Operating limitations: ground speed 107.51(b) Operating limitations: altitude 107.51(c) Operating limitations: minimum visibility 107.51(d) Operating limitations: minimum distance from clouds
What does 110/SFC mean on a sectional?
110/SFC means controlled airspace from the surface up to 11,000 ft. MSL.
In the following METAR report what are the wind conditions: METAR KINK 121845Z 11012G18KT 15SM SKC 25/17 A3000
110° at 12 knots, gusts 18 knots
What frequency is used at a non-towered airport when UNICOM isn't available?
122.9
What is the standard air temperature and pressure at sea level?
15º C 29.92" Hg
Must be at least _____ years old to get a Remote Pilot Certificate.
16
A person applying for a remote pilot certificate with an sUAS rating must be at least:
16 Years Old
What is the valid period for the following TAF report: TAF KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 1220/1222 1SM TSRA OVC008CB FM122200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 1220/1222 3SM SHRA FM120200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 1202/1205 2SM-RASN BECMG 1306/1308 02008KT BKN012 BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1212/1214 1/2SM FG FM131600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=
1800Z on the 12th to 2400Z on the 13th (KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324)
In the TAF from KOKC, the "FM (FROM) Group" is forecast for the hours from 1600Z to 2200Z with the wind from: KOKC 051130Z 0512/0618 14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 TEMPO 0513/0516 1 1/2SM BR FM051600 18010KT P6SM SKC BECMG 0522/0524 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020 PROB40 0600/0606 2SM TSRA OVC008CB BECMG 0606/0608 21015KT P6SM SCT040=
180° at 10 knots . (FM051600 18010KT)
(Refer to FAA-CT-8080-2G, Figure 22, area 1) What is the floor of controlled airspace around Sandpoint airport?
2,831 feet MSL
The FAA recommendation is to fly at least___________ feet horizontally from these structures to be clear of guy wires.
2000
In order to continue exercising the privileges of a Remote Pilot Certificate, the certificate holder must pass a recurrent aeronautical knowledge test within:
24 calendar months of passing either an initial or recurrent aeronautical knowledge test.
Determine the load factor of a 25 pound aircraft in a 45 degree turn (1.414)
25 X 1.414 = 35 pounds
What the required visibility for sUAS Operations
3 Square Miles (3 SM)
How many hours does it take for one mixed drink to pass thru the body?
3 hours
Between 1000Z and 1200Z the visibility at KMEM is forecast to be: KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 1220/1222 1SM TSRA OVC008CB FM122200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 1220/1222 3SM SHRA FM120200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 1202/1205 2SM-RASN BECMG 1306/1308 02008KT BKN012 BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1212/1214 1/2SM FG FM131600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=
3 statute miles (BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT)
You have ____ days to notify the FAA of your change of address.
30
The weather report lists the cloud ceiling at 800 feet. What's the highest you can operate your sUAS?
300 feet AGL
An aircraft announces, "left downwind for runway one six". This means that the aircraft is on a heading of
340 degrees.
It is 7:00 am. Official sunrise is at 7:40 am. Your UAV does not have any anti-collision lighting. How long do you need to wait before you can fly under Part 107?
40 minutes
How high above a tower or structure can you fly?
400 Feet, FAA Trick Question alert, correct answer may be listed in AGL +400 rather than MSL absolute
What is maximum elevation a UAS can be flown?
400 feet above ground level (AGL), unless it's flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure and does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit.
A "small" unmanned aircraft weighs less than ____ _pounds.
55
An aircraft announces, "left downwind for runway two six". This means that the aircraft is on a heading of
80 degrees.
An aircraft announces, "left downwind for runway two six". This means that the aircraft is on a heading of
80 degrees. Runway 26 is positioned toward 260 degrees, meaning that when airplanes are taking off or landing, they're doing so at a heading of 260 degrees. In a normal left-hand traffic pattern...if a plane is midfield left downwind RWY 26, it means that the plane is flying parallel to the runway, in the opposite direction (downwind) of the runway, at a heading 180-degrees opposite of the runway. So in this case, the plane is flying 180 degrees opposite of 260 degrees, which is 80 degrees!
What is the maximum ground speed for a UAS is?
87 knots, which is equivalent to 100 miles per hour.
What is a MEF?
A Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF) is the minimum altitude that you can fly in a given quadrangle and still be able to clear all obstacles in that quadrangle, including terrain and obstructions. The highest point is rounded up and then 100 ft. is added, and then that's the MEF within the quadrangle.
What altitude and speed are MTR's flown IFR
A Military Training Route (MTR) is used by the military for conducting low-altitude, high-speed flight training at speeds in excess of 250 knots (that's almost 300 mph). Typically, the routes above 1,500 ft. AGL are flown under instrument flight rules (IFR), and the routes flown under 1,500 ft. AGL are flown under visual flight rules (VFR). On a Sectional Chart, MTRs are identified as either IFR (IR) or VFR (VR), followed by a number.
What is a MTR?
A Military Training Route (MTR) is used by the military for conducting low-altitude, high-speed flight training at speeds in excess of 250 knots (that's almost 300 mph). On a Sectional Chart, MTRs are identified as either IFR (IR) or VFR (VR), followed by a number.
What are Victor Airways and how are they indicated on the sectionals?
A Victor Airway is a straight-line segment that's used to depict low-altitude civilian air traffic. On a Sectional Chart, these show up as thick, faded blue lines. Victor Airways are identified by a number, similar to an interstate highway (for example, a pilot could say that he/she is "flying Victor One Five"). Victor Airways are designated as Class E airspace, and vertically, they start at a base of 1,200 ft. AGL and go up to 18,000 ft. MSL. Along these Victor Airways lines, you have low-altitude civilian pilots flying from 1,200 ft. AGL to 18,000 ft. MSL. If you get asked about the minimum altitude / lowest elevation of a Victor Airway, it'll be 1,200 ft. AGL.
A good site survey might be done days in advance and could include:
A look at the traffic patterns of vehicles that may be endangered by your operation, a look at any non-participatory bystanders that may not be aware of what you are doing and be distracted or afraid of what you are doing
Where would a pilot look for traffic pattern altitudes prior to entering the traffic pattern?
A manned aircraft pilot should arrive at the proper traffic pattern altitude prior to entering the traffic pattern. That altitude varies from airport to airport and is available in the Chart Supplement.
(Refer to FAA-CT-8080-2G, Figure 78, Southeast quadrant of chart) You've been asked to inspect a railroad beginning at the town of Onawa and ending to the south, in Blencoe. Which of the following is true?
A remote PIC would NOT need to receive prior airspace authorization from the FAA, since the proposed route would not take place in controlled airspace.
According to Advisory Circular published in June 2016, the FAA provides a helpful checklist of conditions that, if noticed during a preflight inspection or aircraft check, may support the idea that the UAS is not in a condition for safe operation. Which of the following is NOT necessarily considered a condition for concern:
A small nick in the body of the UA.
How would you determine what the minimum cloud deck to inspect a tower?
Add 500 feet to tower height on sectional. Minimum cloud deck must exceed tower height plus 500 feet.
Questions on the possible effects on flying of using over-the-counter medications should refer to ?
Aeromedical Factors chapter of the Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
What is a ADM?
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) is a systematic mental approach to consistently determine the best course of action in a given situation.
Where would you go to find out more information about medications and their effects on a pilot's "Fitness for Flight"?
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
What are minimum distances for flying near clouds?
Aircraft must be at least 500 feet below the clouds and at least 2,000 feet horizontally from the clouds.
What does an "A" indicate on a sectional chart?
Alert areas are depicted on Sectional charts with an "A" followed by a number to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity. As a drone pilot, you can fly in an Alert area, but you should exercise extreme caution. And, like operating in a Military Operations Area (MOA), each pilot is responsible for collision avoidance in an Alert area.
As the remote pilot in command, you are required to implement a Crew Resource Management System. In what phase(s) of flight should you implement the system?
All phases of flight
Which aircraft has the right-of-way over all other air traffic?
An aircraft in distress.
Which factor would likely increase density altitude?
An increase in ambient temperature.
What are some of the hazardous attitudes dealt with in Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)?
Antiauthority (don't tell me), impulsivity (do something quickly without thinking), macho (I can do it)
During a crash, the lithium battery in your UAV is dislodged from its compartment and is found on the ground, 5 feet from the aircraft. You notice a dent in the battery, what should you do?
Assess the condition of the battery and cautiously proceed, following manufacturer's recommendations
Your unmanned aircraft has been in an accident during a commercial flight, and during the accident your lithium battery was ejected from its compartment. You notice a small dent in the battery. What should you do before flying next?
Assess the extent of the damage.
Where does wind shear occur?
At all altitudes
At what altitude does wind shear occur?
At any altitude
How many hours must pass after drinking alcohol for any person piloting an unmanned aircraft (or taking part as another crewmember).
At least 8 hours
Properly maintaining your LiPo batteries can increase their useful life by 3 to 4 times, saving you a lot of money throughout the course of your career as a remote PIC. Proper maintenance includes:
Avoiding subjecting the battery to moderate or extreme cold temperatures.
What may be used to assist compliance with being able to maintain situational awareness as a remote PIC?
Binoculars
What do the colors of the airport icons mean?
Blue, the airport has an operating control tower. Magenta, the airport does not have a control tower.
While operating around buildings, the Remote PIC should be aware of the creation of wind gusts that:
Change rapidly in direction and speed causing turbulence
Where can pilots find traffic pattern information and restrictions, such as noise abatement?
Chart Supplements U.S. (formerly Airport/Facility Directory)
To find out more information about parachute operations in the vicinity of an airport, what would you look at?
Chart Supplements/Airport Facilities Directory
When can you find information about the parachute jumping and glider operations at MAJORS airport?
Charts Supplement
Part 107 applies to?
Civil small UAS operations
The 14 CFR Part 107 rules apply to
Civil unmanned aircraft operations
The Part 107 regulations apply to
Civil unmanned aircraft operations
What color lines indicate Class B Airspace?
Class B Airspace: "Big City" airports marked by solid blue lines, requires airspace authorization.
How are Class C airspace altitudes displayed on sectional charts?
Class C Airspace: "City" airports marked by solid magenta lines, requires airspace authorization.
What type of airspace is indicated by blue dashed lines?
Class D
How is Class D Airspace indicated on a sectional?
Class D Airspace: "Diminutive" or "Dime-Sized" airports marked by dotted blue circles or sets of lines, requires airspace authorization.
What altitude doe Class D airspace begin?
Class D airspace always begins at the surface. Class D ceiling is marked in square brackets
What does [-25] mean on sectional chart?
Class D controlled airspace from the surface up to (but not including) 2,500 ft. MSL.
How is Class D Airspace marked on a sectional
Class D is marked with a Blue dotted line, always starts at the surface usually surrounding airports and you need permission to fly. Ceiling is marked with blue brackets
What is Class "E" airspace?
Class E airspace starting at 1,200 ft. AGL isn't really marked on a chart. Meaning, if you're looking at a section of the chart without any of the colored airspace circles (most of the airspace in the U.S.), it's Class G airspace from the surface up to 1,200 ft. AGL, and then it becomes Class E controlled airspace. You do not need authorization to fly vertically up into this airspace.
What is Class "G" airspace?
Class G airspace is uncontrolled airspace, meaning that as long as there aren't other special use airspace considerations or NOTAM / TFR considerations, you do not additional authorization or permission to fly there.
Which of the operation would be regulated by 14 CFR 107?
Commercial Use - Non-Hobby
Which is the correct traffic pattern departure procedure to use at a non-towered airport?
Comply with any FAA traffic pattern established for the airport.
What can a remote PIC do to just prior to an sUAS mission to reduce stress levels when finding oneself getting overwhelmed?
Consider canceling the mission, and focus on lowering stress at home or in private life
What feature is typically associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?
Continuous updraft
What does 110/20 means indicate on sectional chart?
Controlled airspace from 2,000 ft. MSL up to 11,000 ft. MSL.
What does 110/SFC indicate on sectional chart?
Controlled airspace from the surface up to 11,000 ft. MSL.
The effective use of all available resources—human, hardware, and information—prior to and during flight to ensure the successful outcome of the operation is called:
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
The only cloud type forecast in TAF reports is?
Cumulonimbus
Which of the following is the first step of the DECIDE Model for effective risk management and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)?
Detect
What are the elements of the DECIDE model to help you continually evaluate each operation for hazards and to analyze risk.
Detect = a change needing attention Estimate = the need to counter or react to change Choose = the most desirable outcome for the flight Identify = actions to successfully control the change Do = something to adapt to the change Evaluate = the effect of the action countering the change
Define: Hazardous Attitude Impulsivity
Do it quickly. // Antidote = Not so fast -- think first.
When establishing a scheduled maintenance protocol, you must:
Document any repair, modification, overhaul, or replacement of a system component resulting from normal flight operations. This should be accomplished with either a written or on-line maintenance log for each of your sUAS.
When loading cameras or other payloads on an sUAS, the Remote PIC should mount and inspect the items in a manner that:
Does not adversely affect the center of gravity (CG)
Define: Hazardous Attitude Anti-Authority
Don't tell me. // Antidote = Follow the rules.
When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?
During unaccelerated flight.
Methodical maintenance and inspection data collection can prove to be very helpful in the tracking of:
Equipment and Structural failure events
Which is the final step of the DECIDE Model for effective risk management and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)?
Evaluate
When is evening civil twilight and morning civil twilight?
Evening civil twilight is the period of sunset until 30 minutes after sunset and morning civil twilight is the period of 30 minutes prior to sunrise until sunrise.
After receiving a Part 107 remote pilot certificate with an sUAS rating, how often must you satisfy recurrent training requirements?
Every 24 Months
What action should a pilot take when operating in a Military Operations Area (MOA)?
Exercise extreme caution when military activity is being conducted. Military Operations Areas (MOAs) are established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from instrument flight rules (IFR) traffic. Each pilot is responsible for collision avoidance in a Military Operations Area (MOA). Permission to fly in an MOA is not required, but pilots should exercise extreme caution.
If the temperature is 64°F (and if the temperature/dewpoint spread is too small and decreasing), what type of weather is most likely to develop?
Fog or low clouds
The temperature and dew point are each forecasted to be 10°C. What weather should you expect?
Fog or low clouds
What precautions and safeguards should you take when using lithium batteries?
Follow the manufacturer's guidelines
What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of "Antiauthority?"
Follow the rules.
What is the purpose of a Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)?
For manned aircraft pilots to self-announce their positions in and around non-towered airports
The correct method of stating 4,500 feet MSL to air traffic control is
Four Thousand Five Hundred.
In which environment is ice mostly likely to have the highest accumulation rate on your sUAS?
Freezing rain
Why is frost considered hazardous to sUAS operations?
Frost decreases lift capacity by spoiling the smooth flow of air over the propellers.
What are typical characteristics of unstable air?
Good visibility and showery precipitation
During the time period from 0600Z to 0800Z, what visibility is forecast for KOKC? KOKC 051130Z 0512/0618 14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 TEMPO 0513/0516 1 1/2SM BR FM051600 18010KT P6SM SKC BECMG 0522/0524 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020 PROB40 0600/0606 2SM TSRA OVC008CB BECMG 0606/0608 21015KT P6SM SCT040=
Greater than 6 statute miles . (P Indicated greater than - 0606/0608 21015KT P6SM)
What conditions are necessary for a thunderstorm to form?
High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions
Which combination of atmospheric conditions will reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance?
High temperature, high relative humidity, and high density altitude.
How often are METAR reports generated??
Hourly
What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?
Human error
What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of "Resignation?"
I am not helpless.
Define: Hazardous Attitude Machismo (or Macho)
I can do it. // Antidote = Taking chances is foolish.
How can you mitigate risk by using the IMSAFE acronym?
Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol , Fatigue, Emotion
You have been hired as a remote pilot by a local TV news station to film breaking news with a small UA. You expressed a safety concern and the station manager has instructed you to "fly first, ask questions later." What type of hazardous attitude does this attitude represent?
Impulsivity
When should maintenance on your drone be performed?
In accordance with the manufacturer's suggested procedures.
What effect does an uphill terrain slope have on launch performance of a fixed-wing sUAS?
Increases launch distance
What effect, if any, does high humidity have on sUAS performance?
It decreases performance.
What should you do if If your UAS was already registered in a foreign country?
It must first be unregistered in a foreign country and can then be registered with the FAA.
How long does it take for a mixed drink to leave the body?
It takes 3 hours for just one mixed drink to get through the body.
Define: Hazardous Attitude Invulnerability
It won't happen to me. // Antidote = Yes, it can happen to you.
What should a pilot do when recognizing a thought as hazardous?
Label the thought as hazardous and then correct that thought by stating the corresponding antidote.
According to 14 CFR Part 107, an sUAS is a unmanned aircraft system weighing:
Less than 55 lbs
What increases the load factor on a fixed wing airplane?
Level turn
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
Level turn
What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?
Lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.
Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?
Lightning
Questions regarding the effects of any medication should be referred to ?
Local Aviation Medical Examiner (AME).
In addition to inspecting your sUAS, you should also be inspecting:
Local weather conditions and Local airspace and any flight restrictions
What is the number one rule in any sUAS flight emergency?
Maintain control of your aircraft.
You plan to fly your UAV over a group of people. What must you make sure you do before you fly over them?
Make sure the people are under a covered structure
Which of the following will increase load on the wings of a fixed-wing UAV?
Making a flat turn
How is Class E Airspace at the surface indicated on a sectional chart?
Marked by a magenta-dotted circle or set of lines. If it's a Class E airport that's surrounded by a closed-off circle or circle with small extensions, you need authorization. If it's only an extension area, you do not need to request authorization but should still exercise extreme caution.
How is Class E Airspace starting at 700 ft. AGL indicated?
Marked by a thicker, magenta shaded and fuzzy set of lines. You do not need authorization to fly vertically up into this airspace.
When flying HAWK N666CB, the proper phraseology for initial contact with McAlester Flight Service is
McAlester Radio, Hawk November Six Six Six Charlie Bravo, Receiving Ardmore Vortac, Over.'
How often is a TAF report generated or updated??
Minimum 4 times daily (0000Z 0600Z 1200Z 1800Z)
In a METAR report, what does "BR" indicate?
Mist
In a METAR report, what does "BR" indicate?
Mist BKN = broken OVC = overcast BR = mist SH = showers RA = rain
Minimum visibility, as observed from where you're operating the sUAS and the transmitter is located is?
Must be at least 3 statute miles (SM).
You had several drinks yesterday and are experiencing a hangover today. Even though the last drink was over 8 hours ago, would you still be allowed to conduct commercial drone flight operations today?
No, a hangover is a form of impairment from alcohol consumption
You are at dinner with a client and enjoy a glass of wine, after dinner, your client asks you to demonstrate some maneuvers with your small UAS. Under Part 107, would this be allowed?
No, remote pilots must wait a minimum of 8 hours after consuming any alcohol before conducting flight operations
(Refer to FAA-CT-8080-2G, Figure 74, area 3) Where would you go to obtain more information about restricted airspace R-2531?
Notes to Sectional Charts
Assessing the need and extent of repairs that may be needed for continued safe flight operations is necessary when:
Noticeable sound (decibel) change during operation by the propulsion system, Control inputs not synchronized or delayed
Time critical information on airports and changes that affect the national airspace system are provided by
Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs).
Before each flight, the Remote PIC must ensure that:
Objects carried on the sUAS are secure
When is pressure altitude equal to density altitude?
On a standard day (15º C and 29.92" Hg)
What happens when Class D airport tower is not in operation?
One of the following becomes applicable: a) Class E surface area rules or; b) a combination of Class E rules to 700 feet AGL and Class G rules to the surface.
When can Non-certificated operators fly an sUAS?
Only if they're being directly supervised by a Remote PIC who is certificated and has the ability to immediately take direct control of the sUAS. One way to do this is via a "buddy box" training system with one cord that connects two different control stations / remote controls / transmitters.
Which of the following is true regarding weight and balance of small unmanned aircraft?
Operations outside weight and balance limitations may result in loss of control
What are the elements of PAVE model to identify hazards
P = Pilot in Command (PIC) A = Aircraft V = EnVironment E = External Pressures
What does Part 107 Refer to??
Part 107 applies to civil / commercial operations, NOT to model aircraft, public aircraft or hobby operations.
When can a UAS be operating from a moving vehicle??
Part 107 normally does not permit operation of an sUAS from a moving vehicle. That said, if it's a land or waterborne vehicle and you're operating the sUAS over a sparsely populated area, that's OK.
When can you fly over people??
Person(s) is/are: (a) Directly participating in the operation of the small unmanned aircraft; or (b) Located under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle that can provide reasonable protection from a falling small unmanned aircraft.
What are the characteristics of stable air?
Poor visibility and steady precipitation.
What should you expect if you see nimbus clouds?
Precipitation
What should you expect if you see nimbus clouds?
Precipitation If you see nimbus clouds, expect precipitation. If you see lenticular clouds, expect turbulence. Wind can be blowing quite strong through lenticular clouds.
__________ areas contain airspace of defined dimensions within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare.
Prohibited The keyword here is prohibited. Prohibited areas are published in the Federal Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts. The area is charted as a "P" followed by a number (e.g., P-49). One example of a prohibited area is Camp David, the country retreat of the President, which is located in the woods of Maryland. No flying there, folks.
What does "P" indicate on a sectional?
Prohibited areas are marked with a "P" and a number; no flying allowed.
The correct phonetic for R08TN is
ROMEO ZERO AIT TANGO NOVEMBER
In the following TAF report what does "SHRA" stand for?KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 1220/1222 1SM TSRA OVC008CB FM122200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 1220/1222 3SM SHRA FM120200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 1202/1205 2SM-RASN BECMG 1306/1308 02008KT BKN012 BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1212/1214 1/2SM FG FM131600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=
Rain showers
What is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude in the ADM process?
Recognition of hazardous thoughts.
In the risk management process of aeronautical decision making (ADM), what is the most important factor that should be utilized?
Recognizing problems and using sound judgement
What should a remote PIC do with regard to military operation areas (MOAs)?
Remote PICs may fly in MOAs, but should exercise extreme caution when operating around military aircraft
What does a "R" indicate on sectional?
Restricted areas are marked with an "R" and a number and outlined with blue hash marks. In a restricted area, you might find unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft like artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. Drone pilots can fly in Restricted areas, but you need to contact the controlling agency in charge of the area for specific permission.
What is visibility and weather for the following METAR report?
SPECI KMDW 121856Z 32005KT 1 1/2SM RA OVC007 17/16 A2980 RMK RAB35
What do you need to do if you deviate from any rule of Part 107 to the extent necessary to respond to that emergency?
Send a written report to the FAA explaining the deviation. The actual rule states that you would send in a written report "upon request of the Administrator," so just a heads up that a deviation report isn't required, but if you're asked to put one together, you'll need to do so.
What could be a consequence of operating a small unmanned aircraft above its maximum allowable weight?
Shorter endurance
Low-level turbulence can occur (and icing can become hazardous) in which type of fog?
Steam (or smoke) fog
What is a characteristic of stable air?
Stratiform clouds
What should you expect if you see lenticular clouds over a mountain?
Strong turbulence
What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of "Macho?"
Taking chances is foolish.
To avoid a possible collision with a manned airplane, you estimate that your small UA climbed to an altitude greater than 600 feet AGL. To whom must you report the deviation?
The Federal Aviation Administration.
What is the definition of CTAF?
The air-to-air communication system for pilots to communicate with each other.
Flight logging should include all components of your UA, except:
The clothes you wear
The frequencies used to control sUAS are considered line-of-sight, which means:
The command and control link between the CS and the small UA will not work properly when barriers are between the CS and the UA.
What do Isogonic lines indicate?
The magnetic variation or difference between true vs. magnetic north.
A local TV station has hired a remote pilot to operate their small UA to cover breaking news stories. The remote pilot has had multiple near misses with obstacles on the ground and two small UAS accidents. What would be a solution for the news station to improve their operating safety culture?
The news station should recognize hazardous attitudes and situations and develop standard operating procedures that emphasize safety.
Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though the pilot holds a current and valid U.S. driver's license?
The pilot
If an overweight plane makes a turn, what is likely to happen?
The plane will stall.
When using a small UA in a commercial operation, who is responsible for briefing the participants about emergency procedures?
The remote PIC.
If an sUAS and a larger airship were converging, which aircraft should give way / yield?
The sUAS
What is "dewpoint"?
The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.
What is true altitude?
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are?
Thrust, Drag, Weight (gravity), and Lift.
There are many considerations when looking at wind. Which of the following is generally not a concern:
Tide pools
How would you determine high the minimum cloud base in order fly the maximum height over a tower?
Tower height + 400 feet + 500 Feet
What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?
Turbulence and showery precipitation.
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
Turns
__________ airspace (or Class G airspace) is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E.
Uncontrolled
A person without a Part 107 remote pilot certificate may operate an sUAS for commercial operations:
Under the direct supervision of a Remote PIC
What is the lowest elevation of Victor airway?
Victor Airways are designated as Class E, or Echo, airspace, and vertically, they start at a base of 1,200 ft. AGL and go up to 18,000 ft. MSL.
Define VLOS
Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) must be accomplished and maintained by unaided vision, without using something like binoculars. You can wear eyeglasses or contact lenses, but no binoculars. Looking through a first-person-view (FPV) screen doesn't count as VLOS.
What is NOT considered a best practice in terms of taking care of your LiPo battery?
What is NOT considered a best practice in terms of taking care of your LiPo battery?
What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of "Impulsivity?"
What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of "Impulsivity?"
Define: Hazardous Attitude Resignation
What's the use? // Antidote = I'm not helpless -- I can make a difference.
What happens when a Class D airport tower is not in operation?
When a Class D airport tower is not in operation, one of the following becomes applicable: a) Class E surface area rules or; b) a combination of Class E rules to 700 feet AGL and Class G rules to the surface.
When will advection fog most likely form?
When an air mass moves inland from the coast.
Under what condition should the operator of a small UA establish scheduled maintenance protocol?
When the manufacturer does not provide a maintenance schedule.
When is frost is most likely to form on a UAV's wings or propellers?
When the temperature of the wing or propeller's surface is below the dew point of the surrounding air AND the dew point is lower than 0° C.
The condition between layers of wind moving in different directions is known as?
Wind Shear
There's thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of your flight area. Which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon should you watch out for?
Wind-shear turbulence
You've just changed your home address. By when do you need to notify the FAA of this change?
Within 30 days
Unmanned aircraft means an aircraft operated:
Without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft
What is the rudder on a fixed-wing UA used for?
Yaw
Can you lose your remote pilot certificate and/or not be allowed to apply for a certificate in the first place for up to one year if there's been any recent federal or state alcohol or drug violations. That includes refusing to submit to a blood-alcohol test?
Yes
Do you need to carry your FAA registration certificate when operating an unmanned aircraft?
Yes, You must have your FAA registration certificate in your possession when operating an unmanned aircraft. The certificate can be available either on paper or accessible electronically.
Are remote PICs permitted to fly in prohibited or restricted airspace?
Yes, with permission of the controlling agency
Do you need to cancel your Commercial aircraft registration If your UAS is destroyed, sold, lost, or transferred to another operator?
Yes, you should cancel your registration through the FAA's online registration system.
You're flying an unmanned aircraft, and a helicopter enters your airspace. What should you do?
Yield the right of way to the helicopter.
You purchase a drone while on vacation in a country outside the U.S. The drone is registered in the foreign country where you purchased it. Upon returning home:
You must first de-register the drone in the foreign country and then register it in the U.S.
You purchase a drone while on vacation in a country outside the U.S. The drone is registered in the foreign country where you purchased it. Upon returning home:
You must first de-register the drone in the foreign country and then register it in the U.S. An aircraft is eligible for United States registration only if it is owned by a citizen of the United States, an individual citizen of a foreign country lawfully admitted for permanent residence, a corporation (not a U.S. citizen) lawfully organized under the laws of the United States or any State thereof as long as the aircraft is based and primarily used in the U.S., or a governmental unit of the United States. The aircraft must also NOT be registered under the laws of any foreign country. So while the same UAV can be registered in the U.S., the FAA states that first it must be un-registered in the foreign country.
While you don't have a Part 107 license, you're planning to use a buddy box system with a certified remote PIC to conduct a commercial operation together. How would this work?
You'd need to have two control stations set up, where the remote PIC could take over flight operations immediately with the flip of a switch.
Where and how must your registration number be displayed?
Your UAS registration marking must be legible and durable. Sample methods include engraving, permanent marker, or self-adhesive label. It must also be visible or accessible on the outside of the aircraft (i.e., you cannot put the registration number in an inner battery compartment)
What is the Acceptable Blood Alcohol Level to operate a UAS?
Your blood alcohol level needs to be less than .04 percent.
What does [-25] mean on a sectional?
[-25] means Class D controlled airspace from the surface up to (but not including) 2,500 ft. MSL.
What does [25] mean on a sectional?
[25] means Class D controlled airspace from the surface up to 2,500 ft. MSL.
Upon request by the FAA, the remote pilot-in-command must provide a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS rating.
a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS rating.
The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the
air temperature.
To avoid missing important steps, always use the
appropriate checklists.
