System Analyzing and Design Chapter 1
Deliverable
A polished, final product, suitable for its intended use. End products or deliverables often coincide with the completion of each SDLC phase.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
A process that establishes an enterprise-wide strategy for IT resources. ERP defines a specific architecture, including standards for data, processing, network, and user interface design.
Iterative
A process that repeats a series of steps over and over until the desired outcome is obtained.
Waterfall Model
A series of steps in which a software system trickles down from analysis to design to implementation.
mission-critical system
A system that is vital to a company's operations.
Structured analysis
A traditional systems development technique that uses phases to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system. Processes and data are treated as separate components.
System analyst
A valued member of the IT department team who helps plan, develop, and maintain information systems
Supply chain
All companies who provide materials, services, and functions and functions needed to providea product to a custumer
Knowledge base system
Allow users to find information by entering keywords
Prototype
An early working version of an information system
Business Profile
An overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction
Managment Information Systems (MIS)
Business function, like accounting and human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate descision making and problme solving
Empowerment
Business practice that places reponsibility and accountablity throughout all levels of an organization
Properties
Characteristics used to describe an object
Class
Collection of similar objects
Object-oriented analysis
Combines data and the processes that act on the data into objects
Information System
Combines technology, people, and data to provide support for business functions such as order processing, inventory control, human resources, accounting, and many more.
CASE
Computer Aided Software Engineering
Hardware
Consists of everything in the physical layer of the information system
Processes
Describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results
Business model
Describes the information that a system must provide
Vertical system
Designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry
Enterprise Applications
Examples of company-wide applications, called ____, include order processing systems, payroll systems, and company communications networks.
Components of a system
Hardware, Software, Data, Processes, People
Enterprise Computing
Information systems that require support company wide operations and data management requirements
Feasibility study
Initial investigation to clearly identify the nature and scope of the business oportunity or problem
Ecomerce
Internet based comerce
Inference rules
Logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships
Business Functions
Marketing, Finance, Human Resource Management, IT, and Operations Management
Legacy System
Older information systems that are often incompatible with other systems, technologies, and ways of conducting business. Incompatible legacy systems can be a major roadblock to turning data into information, and they can inhibit firm agility, holding back operational and strategic initiatives.
Supervisors and Team Leaders
Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day functions
Technical Support
Performs all installations of hardware and software, sometimes provides basic training on equipment, catch all overflow work from the director or supervisor above them.
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Process data generated by day to day business operations
app
Program designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks.
Software
Programs that control the hardware and produce the desired infomormation or results
Systems planning phase
Purpose is to perform a preliminary investigation
Systems support and security
Purpose to IT staff to maintain, enhance and protect the system
Systems analysis phase
Purpose to build a logical model of the new system.
System Design Phase
Purpose to create a physical model that will satisfy all documneted requirments
System implementation
Purpose to deliver a completely functioning and documented information system
Operational Employees
Rely on TP systems to enter and receive data they need to perform their jobs
Systems analysis and design
Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems
Horizontal system
System that can be adapted for use in many different types of companies
Business Support Systems
Systems that provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
Information Technology (IT)
The combination of hardware, software, and services that people use to manage, communicate and share information
Moore's Law
The number of transistors on an integrated circuit or microchip would double every 24 months
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance
Agile methods
Trend that stresses intense interaction between system developers and users
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
a graphical description of the flow of data within an organization, including data sources/destinations, data flows, transformation processes, and data storage
Business Process
a specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented
scaleable
able to change size easily
Spiral Model
an adaptive SDLC approach that cycles over and over again through development activities until completion
Application Software
consists of programs that support day to day business functions and provide users with the information they need.
Business process model
graphic description of a process
user productivity systems
include e-mail, voice mail, fax, video and Web conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, presentation graphics, company intranets, and integrated mobile computing systems
Stakeholders
include the management group responsible for the system, the users inside and outside the company who will interact with the system, and IT staff members who develop and support the system
Business process modeling notation
international standard for creating business process diagrams
Top Managers
make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it
System Software
manages the hardware componets, which can include a single computer or a global network with many thousands of clients
Modeling
produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that a systems developers can analyze, test, and modify.
Middle Managers
provide direction, necessary resources and performance feedback to supervisors and team leaders
RFID
radio frequency identification, similar to barcodes
System
set if related components that produces specific results
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents from a retailer to a vendor and back
B2C
the process in which businesses sell to consumers
B2B
the process of selling merchandise or services from one business to another