Systems

What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli?

Blood going to cells receives O2 Blood coming from the cells release CO2

The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.

Bowman's capsule

A body system consists of:

a group of organs which perform a common function

The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis

abdominal cavity

Taking in nutrients through the small intestine

absorption

The process of food entering the blood stream is called

absorption

Air entering the lungs terminates in the:

alveoli

Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the surface available for gas exchange

alveoli

An irritation of the stomach lining results in

an ulcer

A substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

antigen

The lower opening of the intestinal tract

anus

A small organ called the _________ is positioned between the large and small intestine.

appendix

A worm-like organ attached to the junction of the small and large intestine.

appendix

Intestinal gurgling sounds

borborygmi

The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung

bronchi

Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs

bronchial tube

A very tiny tube that dead ends in an alveolus within the lungs

bronchiole

The diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood ___________ occurs at the blood __________.

capillaries villi

mouth and small intestines digest

carbohydrates

What is the function of bile?

causes fats to dissolve in water

A major cause of emphysema as stated in the text is:

cigarette smoking

Short filaments which wave in a coordinated fashion to move mucus

cilia

The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney

cortex

Reduction of gas diffusion as a result of __________ alveolar surface area is a medical condition known as emphysema.

decreased

Significant loss of body water

dehydration

Artificial filtration of the blood is called

dialysis

The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood

dialysis

The muscle tissue assemblage which permits expansion of the lungs is called the

diaphragm

The disassembly of food inside an organism is called:

digestion

The first piece of the small bowel, into which empties the bile and pancreatic juices

duodenum

Pertaining to hormones

endocrine

A protein that induces chemical changes in other substances

enzyme

saliva contains an _______ which accelerates the digestion of _____

enzyme starches

An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue that folds over the windpipe to prevent food from entering during swallowing

epiglottis

The tissue which diverts food from the trachea upon swallowing is the

epiglottis

The passage of waste material out of the body

excretion

The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the:

excretory system

Air entering the lungs is filtered through the pharynx.

false

Air enters the lungs through the esophagus.

false

Digestion starts in the stomach.

false

External respiration includes expelling CO2 from the cells.

false

Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea.

false

The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation.

false

The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder.

false

small intestine digest

fats

Solid waste from the large bowel

feces

The process of blood_____________ takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.

filtration

The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.

filtration

_____ can block the common bile duct.

gallstones

Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood

glomerulus

A chemical messenger produced in one part of the body which has its effect on another part such as insulin and corticoids.

hormone

Glucagon and insulin are two of the ________ produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.

hormones

The primary digestive substance in the stomach is

hydrochloric acid

The distal half of the small bowel

ileum

A hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar.

insulin

Refers to the skin and its accessory structures

integument

Bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material

intestinal flora

Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by:

intestinal flora

A condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color

jaundice

The middle part of the small bowel

jejunum

Most absorption of water occurs in the:

large intestine

The "voice box" in the neck, which contains the vocal cords

larynx

Which organ produces bile?

liver

The common bile duct receives secretions from the:

liver gall blader pancreas

A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules

loop of Henle

The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland

medulla

The sum of all body chemistry

metabolism

An inflammable gas produced by bacteria in the large bowel

methane

The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine

nephron

An organ just beneath the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin

pancreas

The back part of the mouth and nasal cavity

pharynx

The study of the function of living organisms

physiology

What is starch?

polymer of sugar

stomach and small intestine digest

proteins

The valve at the lower end of the stomach

pylorus

Blood circulating through the kidneys will __________ water and important materials as it flows through the

reabsorb tubules

The lower part of the large intestine is called the

rectum

What is the function of the cilia?

remove particles which have entered the lungs and stuck to the bronchial mucus

Arteries taking blood into the kidneys

renal artery

The exchange and chemical conversion of gases between your body and the environment

respiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body is accomplished by the _______ system.

respiratory

Structures in the head and neck that secrete saliva

salivary glands

Most absorption of food occurs in the:

small intestine

The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:

small intestine

The liver and pancreas are connected to the:

small intestine

The excretory system is involved with eliminating:

solid, liquid, and gas waste

What is the function of the gall bladder?

stores bile

A substance that lines alveoli and prevents them from collapsing

surfactant

The windpipe is a common term for the

trachea

The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:

transform nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the blood

It is possible to live without a gall bladder.

true

The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of respiration.

true

The lungs eliminate CO2 gas from the body.

true

The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder

ureter

The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside

urethra

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted

urinary bladder

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.

urinary bladder

Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called

urine

What is found in the kidney pelvis?

urine

Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by ________ skin.

yellow