Technology
Battery
A battery is a device that produces electrons through electrochemical reactions, and contains positive (+) and negative (-) terminals. A battery consists of one or more electrochemical cells, which transform stored chemical energy directly into electrical energy. When an external load connects to a battery, electrons cross from the negative to the positive terminal, creating an electrical current. This current may power a motor, a light bulb, a clock, a computer, a cellphone, and other electronic devices or equipment. Battery flow speed is determined by the battery's internal resistance and outside load.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A branch of computer science that aims to imbue software with the ability to analyze its environment using either predetermined rules and search algorithms, or pattern recognizing machine learning models, and then make decisions based on those analyses.
Bridges
A bridge is a type of computer network device that provides interconnection with other bridge networks that use the same protocol. Bridge devices work at the data link layer of the Open System Interconnect (OSI) model, connecting two different networks together and providing communication between them. Bridges are similar to repeaters and hubs in that they broadcast data to every node. However, bridges maintain the media access control (MAC) address table as soon as they discover new segments, so subsequent transmissions are sent to only to the desired recipient. Bridges are also known as Layer 2 switches.
Bytes
A byte is a storage unit capable of representing a single character, such as a letter, number or symbol. Technically speaking, a byte is a sequence of binary bits in a serialized data stream in data transmission systems.
Checksum
A checksum is an error-detection method in a the transmitter computes a numerical value according to the number of set or unset bits in a message and sends it along with each message frame. At the receiver end, the same checksum function (formula) is applied to the message frame to retrieve the numerical value. If the received checksum value matches the sent value, the transmission is considered to be successful and error-free.
Digital Camera
A digital camera uses an electronic image sensor to create still photographs and record video. The optical system of a digital camera works like a film camera, in which a typical lens and diaphragm are used to adjust electronic image sensor lighting.
Fire Wall
A firewall is software used to maintain the security of a private network. Firewalls block unauthorized access to or from private networks and are often employed to prevent unauthorized Web users or illicit software from gaining access to private networks connected to the Internet. A firewall may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of both. A firewall is recognized as the first line of defense in securing sensitive information. For better safety, the data can be encrypted.
Direct Payment
A form of electronic bill payment for consumers that allows them to pay their bills for services or products over the Internet through their banks. Direct payment transactions occur in the form of a money transfer from a user's account arranged either through an online bank or a brick-and-mortar financial institution, which provides users with an account and routing number for the party they wish to make electronic payments to. Direct payments are used by customers who have ongoing bills, allowing them to authorize regular monthly withdrawals by companies as payment for those bills. Direct payments should be confused with online bill payments, however, which are single transactions.
Mobile Phone
A portable phone used to make and receive calls and text messages.
Processor
A processor is an integrated electronic circuit that performs the calculations that run a computer. A processor performs arithmetical, logical, input/output (I/O) and other basic instructions that are passed from an operating system (OS). Most other processes are dependent on the operations of a processor.
QR (Quick Response) Code
A quick response code (QR code) is a type of two-dimensional bar code that consists of square black modules on a white background. QR codes are designed to be read by smartphones. Because they can carry information both vertically and horizontally, they can provide a vast amount of information, including links, text or other data.
Repeaters
A repeater is a network device that retransmits a received signal with more power and to an extended geographical or topological network boundary than what would be capable with the original signal. A repeater is implemented in computer networks to expand the coverage area of the network, repropagate a weak or broken signal and or service remote nodes. Repeaters amplify the received/input signal to a higher frequency domain so that it is reusable, scalable and available. Repeaters were introduced in wired data communication networks due to the limitation of a signal in propagating over a longer distance and now are a common installation in wireless networks for expanding cell size. Repeaters are also known as signal boosters.
Router
A router is a device that analyzes the contents of data packets transmitted within a network or to another network. Routers determine whether the source and destination are on the same network or whether data must be transferred from one network type to another, which requires encapsulating the data packet with routing protocol header information for the new network type.
Semiconductor
A semiconductor is a physical substance that is designed to manage and control the flow of current in electronic devices and equipment. It neither allows a freely flowing electric current nor repels it completely. A semiconductor is in between a conductor and insulator and commonly used in the development of electronic chips, computing components and devices. It is generally created using silicon, germanium or other pure elements.
Smartphone
A smartphone is a mobile phone with highly advanced features. A typical smartphone has a high-resolution touch screen display, WiFi connectivity, Web browsing capabilities, and the ability to accept sophisticated applications. The majority of these devices run on any of these popular mobile operating systems: Android, Symbian, iOS, BlackBerry OS and Windows Mobile.
Socket
A socket is a software object that acts as an end point establishing a bidirectional network communication link between a server-side and a client-side program. In UNIX, a socket can also be referred to as an endpoint for interprocess communication(IPC) within the operating system(OS). In Java, socket classes represent the communication between client and server programs. Socket classes handle client-side communication, and server socket classes handle server-side communication.
Sonar
A sonar device sends pulses of sound waves down through the water. When these pulses hit objects like fish, vegetation or the bottom, they are reflected back to the surface. The sonar device measures how long it takes for the sound wave to travel down, hit an object and then bounce back up.
SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle)
A sport utility vehicle or SUV is a car classification that combines elements of road-going passenger cars with features from off-road vehicles, such as raised ground clearance and four-wheel drive.
Sub-Compact Cars
A subcompact car is an American definition to indicate an automobile with a class size smaller than that of a compact car, usually not exceeding 165 inches in length, but larger than a microcar.
Phone
A telecommunications device used to make and receive calls.
Car Tire
A tire consisting of a rubber ring around the rim of an automobile wheel.
IBM
An American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York.
Apple
An American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. It is considered one of the Big Five companies in the U.S. information technology industry.
An American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, a search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies in the U.S. information technology industry.
Microsoft
An American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers.
An American online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California, and a flagship service of the namesake company Facebook, Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.
IP Address
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router or any other device that is part of a TCP/IP-based network. The IP address is the core component on which the networking architecture is built; no network exists without it. An IP address is a logical address that is used to uniquely identify every node in the network. Because IP addresses are logical, they can change. They are similar to addresses in a town or city because the IP address gives the network node an address so that it can communicate with other nodes or networks, just like mail is sent to friends and relatives. The numerals in an IP address are divided into 2 parts: The network part specifies which networks this address belongs to and the host part further pinpoints the exact location.
Bot(s)
An Internet bot is a specific kind of technology that interfaces with the global Internet to provide different kinds of automations. Like the Internet itself, Internet bots have been evolving through the years. Some of the most basic types of Internet bots are very common on the web. Many of them accomplish simple tasks, and some are named after what they do — "web scrapers" is an excellent example. Companies utilize these Internet bots to automatically collect data, or to send data, or do other routine tasks. Some of the more sophisticated Internet bots such as spambots will be let loose to provide spam comments all over various Wordpress blogs and other web venues, to the consternation of webmasters in general. The concept of the Internet bots also applies to cybersecurity, and has been a major part of the cybersecurity world for years.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides customers with Internet access. It is often referred to as just "the provider." Data may be transmitted using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects. Typically, ISPs also provide their customers with the ability to communicate with one another by providing Internet email accounts, usually with numerous email addresses at the customer's discretion. Other services, such as telephone and television services, or personal websites or home pages may be provided as well. The services and service combinations may be unique to each ISP. Today, ISPs are usually cable companies or mobile phone companies that offer Internet subscriptions in addition to TV or mobile communications services. An Internet service provider is also known as an Internet access provider (IAP).
Car Alternator
An alternator is a generator of electric power in a car and is a major component of the vehicle's charging system. All cars with an internal combustion engine except for some hybrids have an alternator. When an engine is running, the alternator charges the battery and supplies additional electric power for the vehicle electrical systems.
Antenna
An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending or receiving radio transmissions. Antennas play an important role in the operation of all radio equipment. They are used in wireless local area networks, mobile telephony and satellite communication.
Operating System (OS)
An operating system (OS), in its most general sense, is software that allows a user to run other applications on a computing device. The operating system manages a computer's software hardware resources, including: Input devices such as a keyboard and mouse. Output devices such as display monitors, printers and scanners. Network devices such as modems, routers and network connections. Storage devices such as internal and external drives. The OS also provides services to facilitate the efficient execution and management of, and memory allocations for, any additional installed software application programs. If several programs are running at the same time (such as an Internet browser, firewall, and antivirus), the OS will allocate the computer's resources (memory, CPU, and storage) to make sure that each one of them receives what is needed to function.
Oscillator
An oscillator is an electronic or mechanical device that produces regular oscillations in the form of electrical or mechanical energy. Modern-day computers, clocks, metal detectors, watches and microcontrollers all utilize oscillators. An atomic clock operates on atomic oscillations, and thus is said to be the most precise chronometer in the world. An oscillator works on the frequency that is determined by quartz crystal.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a type of aircraft that operates without a human pilot onboard. Recent technologies have allowed for the development of many different kinds of advanced unmanned aerial vehicles used for various purposes. An unmanned aerial vehicle is also known as a drone
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for transmitting fixed and mobile electronic device data over short distances. Bluetooth was introduced in 1994 as a wireless substitute for RS-232 cables. Bluetooth communicates with a variety of electronic devices and creates personal networks operating within the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. Operating range is based on device class. A variety of digital devices use Bluetooth, including MP3 players, mobile and peripheral devices and personal computers.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Brain of the computer. Controls all the operations in all other components and it makes all the decisions. CPU requires two things: 1. A program, or application, is the list of instructions that tells the computer what to do. 2. Data is information that a program processes, typically information provided from an Input device or from a file in Storage.
Broadband
Broadband is a high-data-rate connection to the Internet. The technology gets its name as a result of the wide band of frequencies that is available for information transmission. Information can be multiplexed and sent on numerous channels, allowing more information to be transmitted at a given time. The standard broadband technology in most areas is cable Internet and assymetric digital subscriber line (ADSL). The latest technologies are very-high-bitrate DSL and optical fiber connections. Broadband is also known as wideband.
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the simultaneous transmission of the same message to multiple recipients. In networking, broadcasting occurs when a transmitted data packet is received by all network devices.Security issues may arise during broadcasting and lead to data loss if a network is attacked by intruders. In non-networking or electronic broadcasting, the term broadcasting denotes the transfer of audio and video data between nodes and devices
Digitalization
Digitization is the process of converting analog signals or information of any form into a digital format that can be understood by computer systems or electronic devices. The term is used when converting information, like text, images or voices and sounds, into binary code. Digitized information is easier to store, access and transmit, and digitization is used by a number of consumer electronic devices.
Joules
Joule is a standard unit of measurement for work or energy used in electricity, mechanics, thermal energy and general scientific applications. The unit is named in recognition of British physicist James P. Joule. Like all SI units, the letter of its symbol is written in upper case, yet is in lowercase when it is spelled out in English.
Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is the home of the largest technology corporations in the U.S. It is located in Northern California, within the southern region of San Francisco. Silicon Valley was first given its name because of the many silicon chip creators and manufacturers there. Microprocessor technology was developed in Silicon Valley along with other vital computing technologies. These have contributed to the high-level operating systems used today.
Satellite Broadcasting
The distribution of multimedia content or broadcast signals over or through a satellite network. The broadcast signals usually originate from a station such as a TV or radio station and then are sent via a satellite uplink (uploaded) to a geo-stationary artificial satellite for redistribution or retransmission to other predetermined geographic locations through an open or a secure channel. Downlinks are then received by base stations such as small home satellite dishes or by base stations owned by the local cable network for redistribution to their customers.
Motor
The engine is the heart of your car. It is a complex machine built to convert heat from burning gas into the force that turns the road wheels. ... That is why the machine is called an internal combustion engine.
Car Wheel
The entire part on which a tire is mounted. The wheel includes the hub, spokes, and rim. Wheel Plate. The point of contact for the axle seat, the lug bolts and the lateral surface of the rotor.
Internet
The internet is a globally connected network system facilitating worldwide communication and access to data resources through a vast collection of private, public, business, academic and government networks. It is governed by agencies like the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (or IANA) that establish universal protocols. The terms internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same thing; the internet refers to the global communication system, including hardware and infrastructure, while the web is one of the services communicated over the internet.
The Network Effect
The more users there are (online), the more compelling it is for others to follow.
Hardware
The physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and the CPU. Hardware works hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function.
3D Printing
3D printing is a manufacturing process through which three-dimensional (3D) solid objects are created. It enables the creation of physical 3D models of objects using a series of additive or layered development framework, where layers are laid down in succession to create a complete 3D object.
Bit
= 1 bit
Cyberattack
A cyberattack is deliberate exploitation of computer systems, technology-dependent enterprises and networks. Cyberattacks use malicious code to alter computer code, logic or data, resulting in disruptive consequences that can compromise data and lead to cybercrimes, such as information and identity theft.
Smart Phone
A portable phone that is used to make and receive calls and text messages and use the internet. Also includes smart features such as weather, location, GPS services, e-commerce etc.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A wide area network (WAN) is a network that exists over a large-scale geographical area, as compared to other network types, such as a local area network (LAN). A WAN connects different smaller networks, including local area networks (LANs) and metro area networks (MANs), so that computers and users in one location can communicate with computers and users in other locations. WAN implementation can be done through either a public transmission system or a private network.
Circuit-Switched Network
After a connection is made (as with a telephone call, for example), that part of the network is dedicated only to that single connection.
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
An American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, that developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components, as well as software and related services to consumers, small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth is a broad term defined as the bit-rate measure of the transmission capacity over a network communication system. Bandwidth is also described as the carrying capacity of a channel or the data transfer speed of that channel. However, broadly defined, bandwidth is the capacity of a network. Bandwidth exists in physical or wireless communication networks.
Bic Tech
Big Tech, also known as the Tech Giants, Big Five, or S&P 5, are the largest and most dominant companies in the information technology industry of the United States, namely Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft
Bytes Measurements
Bit Byte = 8 bits Kilobyte = 1024 bytes Megabyte = 1024 (KB) Gigabyte = 1024 (MB) Terabyte = 1024 (GB)
Blockchain Economy
Blockchain economy is a term for a move toward cryptocurrencies and digital ledger systems, and away from traditional national hard currencies and legacy ledger systems. In the blockchain economy, technologies like bitcoin and blockchain are the typical tools for financial management, rather than traditional software programs managing national currencies.
First Generation (1G)
Cellular used analog signals and had low bandwidth (capacity). 1G supports voice only calls. 1G is analog technology, and the phones using it had poor battery life and voice quality, little security, and were prone to dropped calls. The maximum speed of 1G technology is 2.4 Kbps
Closed Source
Closed source software can be defined as proprietary software distributed under a licensing agreement to authorized users with private modification, copying, and republishing restrictions. Or in layman terms, the source code is not shared with the public for anyone to look at or change. Closed source is the opposite of open source.
Compact Cars
Compact car is a vehicle size class — predominantly used in North America — that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. The present-day definition is equivalent to the European C-segment or the British term "small family car".
Typical Parts of a (Personal) Computer
Computer case Power supply Motherboard Random access memory (RAM) Hard disk(s) CD/DVD drives/writers Various external devices, such as a visual display, keyboard, printer and pointing device
Computer Generated Imagery (CGI)
Computer generated imagery (CGI) is the usage of computer graphics for special effects in movies, printed, and electronic media. The application tools involved CGI manipulate the environment and produce photorealistic images, which might be useful for the electronic and printed media. As CGI visuals are far cost-effective than traditional photographic ones in many cases, it is widely used and quite popular.
Operating System (OS)
Controls the computer hardware. Once the OS is running, the user can use applications. Ex. Apple uses the iOS.
Car Diagram
Diagram:
Computer Diagram
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Electric Vehicle (EV)
Diagram:
Digital Audio
Digital audio is a technology that is used to record, store, manipulate, generate and reproduce sound using audio signals that have been encoded in digital form. To create a digital audio from an analog audio source, tens of thousands of samples are taken per second to ensure the replication of the waveform, with each sample representing the intensity of the waveform in that instant.
Data
Facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Frequency modulation (FM) is a technique used to encode data on an alternating digital or analog signal. The method includes varying the frequency of the carrier wave on which useful information is imposed or impressed upon. The signal on which data is imposed is known as the carrier signal and the resulting signal with variable frequency is called a frequency modulated signal.
Fuel Economy
Fuel economy refers to the number of miles a car can travel using a specific amount of fuel. It's measured in miles per gallon or miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (or MPGe) for electric vehicles. The more miles per gallon a car gets, the farther it can go on a tank of gas and the better its fuel economy.
Green Computing
Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, engineering, manufacturing, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact. Many IT manufacturers and vendors are continuously investing in designing energy-efficient computing devices, reducing the use of dangerous materials and encouraging the recyclability of digital devices. Green computing practices came into prominence in 1992, when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Energy Star program. Green computing is also known as green information technology (green IT).
Memory
High speed storage area.
Packet(s)
In computer networks, a packet is a container or box that carries data over a TCP/IP network and internetworks. A packet is the most fundamental logical arbitration of data that is passed over a network. A packet normally represents the smallest amount of data that can traverse over a network at a single time. A TCP/IP network packet contains several pieces of information, including the data it is carrying, source destination IP addresses, and other constraints required for quality of service and packet handling.
Generator
In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks.
Chip
In electronics, a chip is comprised of semiconductor material cut from a larger wafer of material that is only a few millimeters on one side. On this chip, a transistor or integrated circuit may be etched but only occupy one-thousandth of an inch of the chip's surface. The terms chip, microchip, integrated circuit (IC) and silicon chip are synonymous.
Input
Includes such familiar devices as a keyboard, mouse or a touchscreen.
Infrared
Infrared (IR) is a wireless mobile technology used for device communication over short ranges. IR communication has major limitations because it requires line-of-sight, has a short transmission range and is unable to penetrate walls. IR transceivers are quite cheap and serve as short-range communication solutions.
Smart City
Like any smart system, a Smart City is one in which sensor-driven data collection and powerful analytics are used to automate and orchestrate a wide range of services in the interests of better performance, lower costs and lessened environmental impact.
Mid-Size
Mid-size—also known as intermediate—is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars that are larger than compact cars, but smaller than full-size cars. ... Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedans, coupes, station wagons, hatchbacks, and convertibles.
Modulation
Modulation is a process through which audio, video, image or text information is added to an electrical or optical carrier signal to be transmitted over a telecommunication or electronic medium. Modulation enables the transfer of information on an electrical signal to a receiving device that demodulates the signal to extract the blended information.
Ohm's Law
Ohm's law states the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. According to this law, the amount of electricity passing through a conductor between two points in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, for a particular temperature. Ohm expressed his idea in the form of a simple equation, E = IR, which describes the interrelation of current, voltage, current and resistance. According to this algebraic expression, the voltage (E) across the two points is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). Ohm's Law is a very helpful and simple tool for electric circuit analysis. It is widely used in the study of electrical circuits, resistive circuits, electronics, hydraulic analogy, reactive circuits with time-varying signals, linear approximations, temperature effects and heat conductivity.
Open Source
Open source is a philosophy that promotes the free access and distribution of an end product, usually software or a program, although it may extend to the implementation and design of other objects. The term open source gained traction with the growth of the Internet because of the need to rework massive amounts of program source code. When source code is opened to the public it allows for the creation of different communication paths and interactive technical communities; it also leads to a diverse array of new models.
Point-To-Point (PPP)
Point-to-point protocol (PPP) is a computer network protocol used to transfer a datagram between two directly connected (point-to-point) computers. This protocol is used for a very basic level of connectivity providing data linkage between the computers. Point-to-point protocol is widely used for the heavier and faster connections necessary for broadband communications.
Code
Programming language written as a list of steps/directions/instructions for the computer to calculate and compute.
Car Radiator
Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.
Radio (Frequency)
Radio frequency (RF) refers to the rate of oscillation of electromagnetic radio waves in the range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz, as well as the alternating currents carrying the radio signals. This is the frequency band that is used for communications transmission and broadcasting. Although RF really stands for the rate of oscillation of the waves, it is synonymous to the term "radio," or simply wireless communication.
Radio Frequency
Refers to the rate of oscillation of electromagnetic radio waves in the range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz, as well as the alternating currents carrying the radio signals. This is the frequency band that is used for communications transmission and broadcasting. Although RF really stands for the rate of oscillation of the waves, it is synonymous to the term "radio," or simply wireless communication.
Relayed through email servers, which are provided by all Internet service providers (ISP). Emails are transmitted between two dedicated server folders: sender and recipient.
Robotics
Robotics is the industry related to the engineering, construction and operation of robots - a broad and diverse field related to many commercial industries and consumer uses. The field of robotics generally involves looking at how any physical constructed technology system can perform a task or play a role in any interface or new technology.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
Simple protocol that works with TCP/IP for communication over serial ports and routers. They provide communications between machines that were previously configured for direct communication with each other.
Social Media
Social media is a catch-all term for a variety of internet applications that allow users to create content and interact with each other. This interaction can take many forms, but some common types include: Sharing links to interesting content produced by third parties. Public updates to a profile, including information on current activities and even location data. Sharing photos, videos and posts. Commenting on the photos, posts, updates, videos and links shared by others.
Software
Software, in its most general sense, is a set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks. Software is a generic term used to describe computer programs that run on PCs, mobile phones, tablets, or other smart devices. Software is often used to describe all the functional aspects of a computer that do not refer to its physical components (hardware). Scripts, applications, programs and a set of instructions are all terms often used to describe software.
Remote Controller
Technology was created in 1898, first wireless remote controller was created in 1939. A low frequency, battery-operated radio transmitter. In 1950 the first television remote was created.
Telecommunications
Telecommunications refers to the exchange of information by electronic and electrical means over a significant distance. A complete telecommunication arrangement is made up of two or more stations equipped with transmitter and receiver devices. A single co-arrangement of transmitters and receivers, called a transceiver, may also be used in many telecommunication stations. Telecommunications devices include telephones, telegraph, radio, microwave communication arrangements, fiber optics, satellites and the Internet. Telecommunications is also known as telecom.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a computing concept that describes the idea of everyday physical objects being connected to the internet and being able to identify themselves to other devices and send and receive data. The term is closely identified with radio frequency identification (RFID) as the method of communication, although it also may include other sensor technologies, wireless technologies or QR codes. The IoT is significant because an object that can represent itself digitally becomes something greater than the object by itself. No longer does the object relate just to its user, but it is now connected to surrounding objects and database data. When many objects act in unison, they are known as having "ambient intelligence."
vBNS
The Very High Speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) is a network of supercomputer centers that was launched in April 1995. It functions as a high-bandwidth network for scientific research, and therefore requires a lot of computing performance. Scientists at supercomputer centers use the network service for research projects as it is not available for general use by the public.Although scientific research is a broad term, it is used for functions such as applications, data routing and data switching. Its development history is also tied to the founding of the Internet.
World Wide Web (www.)
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of online content that is formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP. The term refers to all the interlinked HTML pages that can be accessed over the Internet. The World Wide Web was originally designed in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee while he was a contractor at CERN. The World Wide Web is most often referred to simply as "the Web."
Printed Circuit Boards
The boards have sockets for the components and wired lines that make the necessary electrical connections between them. There are small basic components such as diodes, resisters, capacitors and transistors as well as larger silicon chips, such as memory chips and a CPU chip.
Digital Divide
The digital divide refers to the difference between people who have easy access to the Internet and those who do not. A lack of access is believed to be a disadvantage to those on the disadvantaged side of the digital divide because of the huge knowledge base that can only be found online.
(Electric) Current
There are two types of electric current, namely alternating and direct current. In alternating current, the flow of current reverses its direction periodically. Alternating current in a circuit is represented by the sine wave. Direct current, unlike alternating current, flows in the same direction continuously. An example of direct current would be the current provided by a battery. In order to calculate the current flow through a conductor, Ohm's law is used. According to Ohm's law, the current through a conductor between two given points is also directly proportional to the potential difference between the points.
Packet-Switched Network
There is no single, unbroken connection between sender and receiver. When information is sent it is broken up into small packet, sent over many different routes at the same time, and then reassembled at the receiving end.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Transmission control protocol (TCP) is a network communication protocol designed to send data packets over the Internet. TCP is a transport layer protocol in the OSI layer and is used to create a connection between remote computers by transporting and ensuring the delivery of messages over supporting networks and the Internet.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Typically a small circuit board that contains several silicon chips.
Second Generation (2G)
Uses digital signals primarily for voice communication; it provides data communication up to 10 Kbps. Supported calling and texting.
Watt
Watt (W) is the common unit of electrical energy used in the United States. A watt is defined as a joule (unit of energy) per second and is the common standard for analysis of power consumption in U.S. residential or business systems, or in any other kind of electrical setup.
Wearable Technology
Wearable technology, also known as "wearables", is a category of electronic devices that can be worn as accessories, embedded in clothing, implanted in the user's body, or even tattooed on the skin. The devices are hands-free gadgets with practical uses, powered by microprocessors and enhanced with the ability to send and receive data via the Internet. The rapid adoption of such devices has placed wearable technology at the forefront of the Internet of things (IoT).
Storage
Where programs and data are saved. Storage data can include different programs, music files, video files, and system files.
Output
Where the computer's results are sent.
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
Wi-Fi is a type of wireless network technology used for connecting to the Internet. To simplify, Wi-Fi is basically just radio waves broadcast from a Wi-Fi router, a device detecting and deciphering the waves, and then sending back data to the router. It works very similarly to an AM/ FM radio but it is two-way communication channel. Wi-Fi works over longer distances than bluetooth or infrared and is also a low power unobtrusive technology, making it suitable for portable devices such as laptops and palmtops. Wi-Fi is governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance, an association of manufacturers and regulators defining standards and certifying products as Wi-Fi compatible.
Wireless
Wireless is an encompassing term that describes numerous communication technologies that rely on a wireless signal to send data rather than using a physical medium (often a wire). In wireless transmission, the medium used is the air, through electromagnetic, radio and microwave signals. The term communication here not only means communication between people but between devices and other technologies as well.
2 Wheel Drive
With two-wheel drive, the engine sends power to two of the car's wheels while allowing the other two wheels to spin. Because the engine doesn't have to use energy to power all four wheels, and because two-wheel drive systems weigh less than four-wheel drive, two-wheel drive vehicles are lighter and more fuel-efficient.
Program
Written in a programming language, an algorithm that has been coded into something that can be run by a machine.
Virtual Reality (VR)
refers to computer-generated environments or realities that are designed to simulate a person's physical presence in a specific environment that is designed to feel real. The purpose of VR is to allow a person to experience and manipulate the environment as if it were the real world. The best virtual realities are able to immerse the user completely. Virtual reality should not be confused with simple 3-D environments like those found in computer games, where you get to experience and manipulate the environment through an avatar, rather than personally becoming part of the virtual world.
Car Fluids
1. Oil 2. Radiator Fluid 3. Transmission Fluid 4. Power Steering Fluid 5. Brake Fluid 6. A/C Coolant
Third Generation (3G)
3G systems deliver quality multimedia to mobile devices by way of faster and easier wireless communications as well as "anytime, anywhere" services.
Fourth Generation (4G)
4G service offering is to deliver a comprehensive IP based solution where multimedia applications and services can be delivered to the user anytime and anywhere with a high data rate, premium quality of service and high security.
Kilobyte
= 1,024 bytes
Zettabytes
= 1,024 exabytes
Terrabytes
= 1,024 gigabytes
Megabytes
= 1,024 kilobytes
Gigabytes
= 1,024 megabytes
Exabyte
= 1,024 petabytes
Petabytes
= 1,024 terrabytes
Yottabytes
= 1,024 zettabytes
Nibble
= 4 bits
Byte
= 8 bits
SIM Card
A SIM card (short for subscriber identity module card) is a portable memory chip used in GSM phones. It is a crucial component in mobile telecommunications as it identifies and stores the telephone number and connects the cellphone to the mobile carrier's network. Since SIM cards also have a (limited) memory element, they can also be used as portable stores for one's phone contacts. A SIM card is small and rectangular, about 25mm by 15mm, and notched at one corner. This feature ensures a handy, fail-safe way of inserting the card correctly into the corresponding slot in a mobile phone.
Computer System
A computer system is a basic, complete and functional hardware and software setup with everything needed to implement computing performance.
Cookies
A cookie contains specific information that is encrypted for security purposes. Normally, a cookie is attached with an HTTP header from the HTTP server to a Web browser in response to a user request. This stored cookie is sent to the HTTP server whenever access to a specific website is required. Cookies are managed in two patterns: with expiry date and without expiry date. Cookies without expiry dates are automatically stored in users' machines and remain inside the system's memory until the user's browsing terminates. Cookies with an expiry date expire when that date is surpassed. Unfortunately, because of lack of knowledge, most people do not understand what a cookie is, and many believe that cookies are tiny files containing viruses, malware or spyware. These are all are misconceptions.
Car Fuel Tank
A fuel tank (also called a petrol tank or gas tank) is a safe container for flammable fluids. Though any storage tank for fuel may be so called, the term is typically applied to part of an engine system in which the fuel is stored and propelled (fuel pump) or released (pressurized gas) into an engine.
Gateway
A gateway is a data communication device that provides a remote network with connectivity to a host network. A gateway device provides communication to a remote network or an autonomous system that is out of bounds for the host network nodes. Gateways serve as the entry and exit point of a network; all data routed inward or outward must first pass through and communicate with the gateway in order to use routing paths. Generally, a router is configured to work as a gateway device in computer networks.
Hubs
A hub, in the context of networking, is a hardware device that relays communication data. A hub sends data packets (frames) to all devices on a network, regardless of any MAC addresses contained in the data packet.
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle that uses both an electric engine and a conventional internal combustion engine. This type of vehicle is considered to have better performance and fuel economy compared to a conventional one.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network within a small geographical area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, office building or group of buildings. A LAN is composed of inter-connected workstations and personal computers which are each capable of accessing and sharing data and devices, such as printers, scanners and data storage devices, anywhere on the LAN. LANs are characterized by higher communication and data transfer rates and the lack of any need for leased communication lines.
Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a component that performs the instructions and tasks involved in computer processing. In a computer system, the microprocessor is the central unit that executes and manages the logical instructions passed to it. A microprocessor may also be called a processor or central processing unit, but it is actually more advanced in terms of architectural design and is built over a silicon microchip.
Modem
A modem is a network device that both modulates and demodulates analog carrier signals (called sine waves) for encoding and decoding digital information for processing. Modems accomplish both of these tasks simultaneously and, for this reason, the term modem is a combination of "modulate" and "demodulate."
Network Access Point (NAP)
A network access point (NAP) is a major point where internet service providers (ISPs) can connect with one another in peering arrangements. NAPs were central in the early days of the Internet when it was making the transition from a government-funded network to a commercial one.
Television (TV)
A system for transmitting visual images and sound that are reproduced on screens, chiefly used to broadcast programs for entertainment, information, and education.
Node
A node is a point of intersection/connection within a network. In an environment where all devices are accessible through the network, these devices are all considered nodes. The concept of nodes works on several levels, but the big-picture view defines nodes as the major centers through which Internet traffic is typically routed. This usage is somewhat confusing, as these same Internet nodes are also referred to as Internet hubs.
Sedan
A passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for engine, passenger, and cargo.
(Personal) Computer
A personal computer is a general-purpose, cost-effective computer that is designed to be used by a single end-user. Every PC is dependent on microprocessor technology, which allows PC makers to set the entire central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip.
Satellite Dish
A satellite dish is a telecommunications device used to send and receive microwave signals. It is a parabolic shaped antenna used for data transmission and broadcasting. The primary function of a satellite dish is to convert microwave signals into electric signals that can be used by a computer, television and other devices. The low-frequency signals can be received by the larger dishes, whereas small dishes are used for higher frequency signals.Satellite dishes are used for all kinds of data communication. The signals can be sent anywhere without having miles of cables.A satellite may also be known as a parabolic antenna.
Channel
A separate path through which signals can flow.
Algorithm
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
Application (App)
An app is just software. Originally software that you installed on a computer as a program was labelled as an application - or the shortened name of app. However, the common usage of "app" versus "application" now generally refers to the distribution through app stores where the download and installation happen with a single action. While you were always able to download software, this method of distribution is a new development. Apple's App Store and Google's Android Market are two examples of popular app stores.
Car Battery
An automotive battery is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle. Its main purpose is to provide an electric current to the electricity-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically-powered internal combustion engine that actually propels the vehicle.
Auxiliary Port (AUX)
An auxiliary port (AUX) is a type of standard communications port on a device that accommodates audio signals for: MP3 players. Headphones and headsets. Microphones. Speakers . And other audio devices, including some fairly traditional audio technologies.
Integrated Circuit (IC)
An integrated circuit (IC) is a small semiconductor-based electronic device consisting of fabricated transistors, resistors and capacitors. Integrated circuits are the building blocks of most electronic devices and equipment. An integrated circuit is also known as a chip or microchip
Consumer Electronics (CE)
Consumer electronics (CE) refers to any electronic devices designed to be purchased and used by end users or consumers for daily and non-commercial/professional purposes. Consumer electronics are among the most commonly used form of electronic, computing and communication devices. Consumer electronics includes a broad set of electronic devices that provide one or more functionalities in a home or for a particular individual. The term initially referred to electronic devices that were installed or used specifically inside a home/house. However, they also now incorporate mobile and computing devices, which can easily be carried by an individual outside the home, such as a cell phone or a tablet PC. Consumer electronics include items, such as: Televisions Smart Watches Cell Phones Refrigerators Washing machines Computers Laptops Tablets
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency is a type of digital currency that uses cryptography for security and anti-counterfeiting measures. Public and private keys are often used to transfer cryptocurrency between individuals. As a counter-culture movement that is often connected to cypherpunks, cryptocurrency is essentially a fiat currency. This means users must reach a consensus about cryptocurrency's value and use it as an exchange medium. However, because it is not tied to a particular country, its value is not controlled by a central bank. With bitcoin, the leading functioning example of cryptocurrency, value is determined by market supply and demand, meaning that it behaves much like precious metals, like silver and gold.
Electric Power
Electric power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is consumed in an electrical circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt, which is one joule per second. Although sources such as electric batteries can supply electric power, it is mostly produced by electric generators. With the help of an electric grid, electric power is supplied by the energy industry to homes and other industries.
Encryption
Encryption is the process of using an algorithm to transform information to make it unreadable for unauthorized users. This cryptographic method protects sensitive data such as credit card numbers by encoding and transforming information into unreadable cipher text. This encoded data may only be decrypted or made readable with a key. Symmetric-key and asymmetric-key are the two primary types of encryption. Encryption is essential for ensured and trusted delivery of sensitive information.
Fifth Generation (5G)
Fifth generation wireless is primarily designed to enable a superior data communication rate between wireless local area networks (WLAN), reach speeds up to 1.5 GBps and cover a distance of 90 meters - three times more than 802.11n. The large coverage area for 5G is made possible through a technique called beamforming, in which the wireless routers ignore inefficient paths and deliberately neglect to record them in the routing table.
High Frequency
High frequency (HF) is an electromagnetic frequency defined by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) for radar and radio communications. It operates in a range of three to thirty MHz and as the wavelengths spread over ten to one hundred meters, it is also known as decameter wave and designated as band 7. High frequency is highly popular among amateur radio, military and government communications, radar communications and global maritime distress and safety system communications.
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity produced from hydropower. In 2015, hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity, and was expected to increase by about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.
VPNs
IPsec primarily utilizes tunnel mode for creating VPN tunnels. IPsec provides an enhanced level of security on VPN connections by default by providing authentication, encryption and compression services at the network level of VPN. This is achieved through the encapsulated security payload (ESP), authentication header (AH) and IP payload compression (IPComp) protocol. For each outgoing IP packet it is encapsulated and secured using the IPsec packet.
4 Wheel Drive
Refers to a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously. It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive shaft and, in many instances, additional gear ranges.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation system designed by the U.S. Department of Defense that makes use of satellites orbiting the earth and was primarily used in vital military applications. It was developed in 1973 as a method to overcome old navigation systems. It became fully operational in 1994, at which time it was also made available to civilians.
Car Engine
The engine is the heart of your car. It is a complex machine built to convert heat from burning gas into the force that turns the road wheels. ... That is why the machine is called an internal combustion engine . As the mixture burns it expands, providing power to drive the car.