test 2

Choose functions of cholecystokinin.

-signals the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes -signals the gallbladder to contract and release bile

colorectal cancer

A cancer that develops in the colon or the rectum and is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths

diarrhea

A condition characterized by frequent bowel movements with loose stools is called

Which of the following information about fat is required on the Nutrition Facts panel?

Calories from fat Saturated fat (grams) Cholesterol (mg) Trans fat (grams) Total fat (grams)

Cis fatty acid

Choicecauses the carbon chain to bend

Which statement is true about essential fatty acids?

Only alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are considered essential.

skeletal system

The system of the body that produces red blood cells and stores several minerals is called the

Which of the following information about fat is required on the Nutrition Facts panel?

Total fat (grams) Cholesterol (mg) Saturated fat (grams) Calories from fat Trans fat (grams)

Which vitamins can be produced by bacteria in the intestine?

Vitamin K Biotin Thiamin

Statins

are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.

Most cases of heart disease and stroke result from

atherosclerosis

When a person consumes 4-5 or more drinks on a single occasion, he/she is labeled as a

binge drinker

nonessential fatty acids

can be synthesized by the body and do not need to be supplied by the diet.

A lipid found only in foods that contain animal products is

cholesterol

Lipids or fats include______.

cholesterol

Lipoproteins carry different amounts of

cholesterol, protein, phospholipids

Alcohol works as a _____ suppressing the production of the antidiuretic hormone

diuretic

Excess body fat around the abdomen is associated with

elevated LDL cholesterol. elevated triglycerides.

Excess body fat around the abdomen is associated with

elevated triglycerides. elevated LDL cholesterol.

Choose factors that put a person at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

excess body fat sedentary lifestyle close family member with type 2 diabetes

Lipids are a class of macronutrients that include _____.

fatty acids phospholipids triglycerides cholesterol

The disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called

gestational diabetes

The hormone secreted by the pancreas when your blood sugar is low and which causes your blood sugar levels to rise is

glucagon

The primary fuel for muscle and other cells is

glucose

Identify two names for the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose and dextrose

Which measurement provides the most realistic way to determine how foods may raise the blood glucose level?

glycemic load

What is the "backbone" of a triglyceride?

glycerol

What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

glycerol backbone three attached fatty acids

Triglyceride

has three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

Clusters of small rectal veins that can become swollen and inflamed, causing bleeding, are called

hemorrhoids

A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with _____.

hydrogen atoms

When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl, they are diagnosed with

hypoglycemia

The hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar which causes a lowering of blood sugar is

insulin

What are some common causes of vomiting?

intense pain rotating movements of the head hormonal changes in pregnancy migraine headaches

When an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses one or more electrons, it has an electrical charge and is called

ion

Aspartame

is an alternative sweetener made of two amino acids and methonol

lumen

is the open space inside a structure such as the small intestine.

Fats and cholesterol are ____ a class of nutrients.

lipids

Hypoglycemia is ______ blood glucose level.

low

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar?

monosaccharide

Enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down the disaccharides into

monosaccharides

essential fatty acids

must be supplied by the diet

The pancreatic enzyme that is secreted into the small intestine that is responsible for digesting starch is

pancreatic amylase

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called

peristalsis

cystic fibrosis

produces thick mucus that block passageways, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems. They often suffer serious breathing problems and respiratory infections.

A collection of cells with similar characteristics and functions join together into larger masses called

tissues

Which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids?

trans

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated?

triglycerides blood pressure fasting glucose

An omega-3 fatty acid is

unsaturated

The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to:

-metabolize undigested food -make some vitamins

What are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products?

-raw sugar -maltodextrin -lactose

Glycemic Load

(Glycemic Index x Grams of carbohydrate)/100

What are the causes of confusion and memory loss often seen in chronic heavy drinkers?

-Neurons shrink. -Brain develops structural abnormalities. -Alcohol disrupts the ability of neurons in the brain to transmit messages.

Which of the following are true of polysaccharides?

-They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. -They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. -They are made of 100 or more monosaccharides bonded together.

the statements that are true about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

-Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two most common forms. -The cause is unknown. -It is a general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation and swelling of the intestines.

Alcohol______.

-causes the kidneys to excrete more urine -suppresses the production of ADH by the pituitary gland

The four major classes of lipoproteins are

-chylomicrons. -very low density lipoproteins. -low density lipoproteins. -high density lipoproteins.

When you are eating and drinking alcohol during a meal, the food in the meal______.

-delays alcohol absorption from the stomach -slows the rate at which alcohol appears in your blood

Which of the following contribute to heartburn?

-having excess body fat -smoking cigarettes -drinking alcohol

Sugar alcohols provide about _____ kcal/g.

2

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - AMDR), adults should keep their daily distribution of fat calories between

20-35

What is the difference in calories between a gram of fat and a gram of carbohydrate?

5 kcal

Aspartame consists of phenylalanine and aspartic acid and is best known by the trade names

Equal and NutraSweet

An individual with an acceptable total cholesterol level may still be at risk for atherosclerosis. What additional cholesterol measurement should be evaluated to provide a more accurate risk assessment?

HDL Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol

Identify names of sugars that may be found in foods

Honey, sugar, molasses

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

What are causes of diarrhea?

More water than normal is secreted into the GI tract. The GI tract absorbs less water than normal.

lingual lipase and salivary amylace are two components of...

saliva

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?

shakiness and irritability

GERD can be worsened by

smoking cigarettes drinking alcohol excess body fat

Chyme is formed in the

stomach

Glucose and fructose bonded together form the disaccharide

sucrose

Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide

sweetness

Which of the following are the principal organs of the skeletal system?

tendons, ligaments, bones

What does the term starch mean?

the storage form of carbohydrates in plants