Test 3 Genetics

If the parents (from question 14) had 8 children and all of them are albino, calculate the x2 value of your results. Remember that the alternative outcomes are "normal" or "albino". This should be reflected in your calculation.

(8-4)2 (0-4)2 ------ + ------- = 4+0=4 df=2-1=1 4 4

If genotype YY is a lethal genotype (the mice with this genotype die before birth), what is the actual phenotype of their offspring?

1/3 grey and 2/3 yellow

If individuals I-1 and I-2 have another son, what is the chance that he would have DMD?

100%; Xr Xr x XR Y = XRXr, XRXr, XrY, XrY

If individuals II-3 has a child with a carrier woman, what is the percent chance that the child will be a daughter with DMD?

25%; XR Xr x Xr Y = XRXr, XrXr, XRY, XrY

A woman with normal pigmentation, whose mother was albino, mates with an albino. What is the probability that their first child will be albino?

50%; Aa x aa = Aa, Aa, aa, aa

If two heterozygous mice for fur color (Yy) reproduce, what are the expected phenotypes of their offspring (Y_=yellow) (yy=grey) ?

75% will be yellow 25% will be grey; Yy x Yy = YY, Yy, Yy, yy

Males belonging to the kingdom Animalia all have heterogeneous sex chromosome (i.e. XY).

False

Males with an XXXY genotype are said to have ___________ syndrome.

Klinefelter

____________ is the process of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid organisms.

Meiosis

Andy and Helen are both professional bodybuilders. They are both heterozygous for a dominant trait (Mn) that codes for an enzyme that allows them to convert 2g protein per kg bodyweight to lean weight. They are planning to have 4 children and hope for at least 3 of them to express this trait. What is the probability that this will happen?

Mm x Mm p4 + 4p3q + 6p2q2 + 4pq3 + q4 (.75)4 + [4(.75)3 + (.25)] = 73.6%

DNA replication occurs during which stage of the cell cycle?

S-phase

Females with an XO genotype are said to have ___________ syndrome.

Turner

Which of the following are probably NOT males?

ZW butterflies

The pedigree below tracks the presence of attached earlobes through a family's generations. Having attached earlobes is an autosomal recessive trait. If individual III-6 married a man who is homozygous for unattached earlobes, what is the most likely to be true regarding their children?

all of their children would have unattached earlobes

One of two or more alternate forms of a gene is an __________.

allele

When the two DNA molecules (from question 2) separate from one another, they are referred to as _____________.

chromosomes

If the offspring were white and red checkered, this would be an example of _____________.

co-dominance

A human is considered to be a ___________ organism because all of its body cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes.

diploid

If all of the offspring were pink, but different shades of pink, this would be the degree to which that trait is expressed, which is an example of ____________.

expressivity

The heritable information contained in the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA of an organism is that organism's ____________.

genotype

If a plant with red flowers (AA) mates with a plant with white flowers (aa) and all their offspring are pink, this would be an example of ____________.

incomplete dominance

The following pedigree tracks the presence of dimples, which is a an autosomal dominant trait. The phenotype of individual III-3 is ________.

no dimples

Normal parents have an albino child. Give the genotypes for the parents and the child.

parents-Aa,Aa children-aa

If only 75% of these offspring were pink, this number would be the percentage of individuals that have a genotype and express that expected phenotype and would be an example of _____________.

penetrance

While it is possible for female goats to have beards, it is more likely for male goats to have beards. This is an example of a _____________ characteristic.

sex influenced

What is the name of the protein that protects cohesion at the centromere during meiosis?

shugoshin protein

Prior to cell division, the DNA molecule of each chromosome is copied. This duplicated chromosome is made up of two DNA molecules called _________________.

sister chromatids

Specifically, in animals the process of male gamete production is called _______________.

spermatogenesis

What is the purpose of crossing over?

to ensure genetic variation

An attribute or feature possessed by an organism (i.e. red hair) is a ________.

trait

Androgen-insensitivity syndrome is characterized by the development of secondary female characteristics in addition to a set of intraperitoneal testis.

true

If a short person (genotype tt) with normal pigmentation who had an albino mother mates with tall person (genotype TT) with albinism, use a dihybrid cross to predict the phenotypic ratio of their offspring.

ttAa x TTaa = ta,ta,tA,tA x Ta,Ta, Ta, Ta All children will be tall 50% will be albino and 50% will be heterozygous dominant

Based on the table below, do your expected results significantly differ from the observed results? Recall that a P-value less than or equal to 0.05 usually a significantly difference.

yes, significantly different