test 3 questions

The nurse takes into consideration that the most common congenital heart defect is the _____________ _______________ defect.

ventricular septal

A nurse is handling a child who is on furosemide (Lasix) IV infusion. The nurse instructs the mother to encourage the child to eat which of the following? A. Apricot and baked potato skin. B. Bread and butter. C. Gelatin and Cauliflower. D. Ginger ale and cereal.

A. Apricot and baked potato skin.

A child with Kawasaki disease is admitted to the pediatric ward. Which of the following medications will you expect to be a part of the treatment? Select all that apply. A. Gamma Globulin B. Warfarin. C. Acetaminophen D. Aspirin E. Atenolol

A. Gamma Globulin B. Warfarin. D. Aspirin

Nurse Christine is planning a client education program for sickle cell disease (SCD) in children. Which of the following interventions would be included in the care plan? A. Health teaching to help reduce sickling crises B. Avoidance of the use of opioids C. Administration of an anticoagulant to prevent sickling D. Observation of the imposed fluid restriction

A. Health teaching to help reduce sickling crises

Which of the following is most likely associated with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) resulting from congenital heart disease? A. Polycythemia B. Cardiomyopathy C. Endocarditis D. Low blood pressure

A. Polycythemia

Mr. and Mrs. Baker's only daughter is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to promote optimal nutrition for the infant? A. Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones B. Allowing the infant to feed for at least 1 hour C. Providing large feedings evenly spaced every 4 hours D. Offering formula that is high in sodium and calories

A. Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones

Which of the following instructions would Nurse Courtney include in a teaching plan that focuses on initial prevention for Sheri who is diagnosed with rheumatic fever? A. Treating streptococcal throat infections with an antibiotic B. Giving penicillin to patients with rheumatic fever C. Using corticosteroid to reduce inflammation D. Providing an antibiotic before dental work

A. Treating streptococcal throat infections with an antibiotic

The Andrews family has been taking good care of their youngest, Archie, who was diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements indicate a need for further home care teaching? A. "He should increase his fluid intake regularly to thin secretions." B. "We'll make sure that he avoids exercise to prevent attacks." C. "He is to use his bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler." D. "We need to identify what things trigger his attacks."

B. "We'll make sure that he avoids exercise to prevent attacks."

Bryce is a child diagnosed with coarctation of aorta. While assessing him, Nurse Zach would expect to find which of the following? A. Squatting posture B. Absent or diminished femoral pulses C. Severe cyanosis at birth D. Cyanotic ("tet") episodes

B. Absent or diminished femoral pulses

Mr. and Mrs. Robertson's son was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. They should be aware that the drug to be avoided is: A. Acetaminophen B. Aspirin C. Codeine D. Morphine

B. Aspirin

How would the nurse caring for an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) modify feeding techniques to adapt for the childs weakness and fatigue? (Select all that apply.) a. Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings b. Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes c. Holding and cuddling the child during feeding d. Substituting glucose water for formula e. Offering high-caloric formula

ANS: A, B, C, E

What assessment(s) in a child with tetralogy of Fallot would indicate the child is experiencing a paroxysmal hypercyanotic episode? (Select all that apply.) a. Spontaneous cyanosis b. Dyspnea c. Weakness d. Dry cough e. Syncope

ANS: A, B, C, E

What are the four structural heart anomalies that make up the tetralogy of Fallot? (Select the four that apply.) a. Hypertrophied right ventricle b. Patent ductus arteriosus c. Ventral septal defect d. Narrowing of pulmonary artery e. Dextroposition of aorta

ANS: A, B, D, E

Which congenital cardiac defect(s) cause(s) increased pulmonary blood flow? (Select all that apply.) a. Atrial septal defects (ASDs) b. Tetralogy of Fallot c. Dextroposition of aorta d. Patent ductus arteriosus e. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

ANS: A, D, E

Nurse Jeremy is evaluating a client's fluid intake and output record. Fluid intake and urine output should relate in which way? A. Fluid intake should double the urine output. B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output. C. Fluid intake should be half the urine output. D. Fluid intake should be inversely proportional to the urine output.

B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output.

Nurse Oliver is attending to a child with Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most necessary? A. Observing the child for signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis B. Handling the child carefully to prevent bruising C. Monitoring vital signs for hypertension and tachycardia D. Monitoring the child for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

B. Handling the child carefully to prevent bruising

An infant with a patent ductus arteriosus is admitted to the pediatric unit ward. The nurse anticipates which of the following medications will be given to the infant? A. Prednisone B. Ibuprofen C. Penicillin D. Albuterol

B. Ibuprofen

The ductus arteriosus is another fetal structure that is important in the intrauterine life. It functions to: A. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the pulmonary artery to the aorta going to the lungs B. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the pulmonary artery to the systemic circulation C. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the aorta to the pulmonary artery and later to the pulmonary veins D. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the aorta to the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

B. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the pulmonary artery to the systemic circulation

Which of these statements regarding the conduction system of the heart is NOT correct? Select all that apply. A. The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker. B. The SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium. C. The AV node conducts action potentials rapidly through it. D. Action potentials are carried slowly through the atrioventricular bundle.

B. The SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium. D. Action potentials are carried slowly through the atrioventricular bundle.

The Foley Family is caring for their youngest child, Justin, who is suffering from tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following are defects associated with this congenital heart condition? A. Aorta exits from the right ventricle, pulmonary artery exits from the left ventricle, and two noncommunicating circulations B. Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS), and right ventricular hypertrophy C. Coarctation of aorta, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus D. Tricuspid valve atresia, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and hypoplastic right ventricle

B. Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS), and right ventricular hypertrophy

A nurse is providing instructions to a mother who has a child with congestive heart failure regarding Digoxin (Lanoxin). Which statement made by the mother indicates further teaching? A. "I will administer the medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after meal". B. "I will use a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon for the liquid preparation". C. "If my child vomits after administration, I will repeat the dose". D. "If more than one dose is missed, I will inform the physician".

C. "If my child vomits after administration, I will repeat the dose".

red is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would Nurse Nica expect to assess? A. Mild cough B. Slight fever C. Chest pain D. Bulging fontanel

C. Chest pain

Immunization of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine decreases the incidence of which of the following conditions? A. Bronchiolitis B. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) C. Epiglottitis D. Pneumonia

C. Epiglottitis

Which of the following respiratory conditions is always considered a medical emergency? A. Asthma B. Cystic fibrosis (CF) C. Epiglottitis D. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

C. Epiglottitis

Which of the following organisms is responsible for the development of rheumatic fever? A. Streptococcal pneumonia B. Haemophilus influenza C. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus D. Staphylococcus aureus

C. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Clay is an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following shows that he is strictly following the directed therapeutic regimen? A. Daily use of an antibiotic B. Pulse rate less than 50 beats/minute C. Normal weight for age D. Elevation in red blood cell (RBC) count

C. Normal weight for age

Veronica's parents were told that their daughter needs ribavirin (Virazole). This drug is used to treat which of the following? A. Cystic fibrosis B. Otitis media C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) D. Bronchitis

C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Appropriate intervention is vital for many children with heart disease in order to go on to live active, full lives. Which of the following outlines an effective nursing intervention to decrease cardiac demands and minimize cardiac workload? A. Feeding the infant over long periods B. Allowing the infant to have her way to avoid conflict C. Scheduling care to provide for uninterrupted rest periods D. Developing and implementing a consistent care plan

C. Scheduling care to provide for uninterrupted rest periods

A child with a poor nutritional status and weight loss is at risk for a negative nitrogen balance. To help diagnose this problem, the nurse in charge anticipates that the doctor will order which laboratory test? A. Total iron-binding capacity B. Hemoglobin C. Total protein D. Serum transferrin

C. Total protein

A nurse is monitoring the intake and output of an infant receiving furosemide (Lasix) IV. Which of the following methods is the most appropriate in measuring the urine output? A. Ask the mother regarding the number of diaper changes B. Compare intake with output C. Weighing the diaper D. Insert Foley catheter

C. Weighing the diaper

To decrease the likelihood of bradyarrhythmias in children during endotracheal intubation, succinylcholine (Anectine) is used with which of the following agents? A. epinephrine (Adrenalin) B. isoproterenol (Isuprel) C. atropine sulfate (Atropine) D. Lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine)

C. atropine sulfate (Atropine)

The procedure that has to be performed in order to shift the high pressure from the right ventricle to the left ventricle in Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) is: A. Rashkind Procedure B. Rastelli Procedure C. Pulmonary Artery Banding D. Jatene Procedure

D. Jatene Procedure

In children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue damage results from which of the following? A. Air hunger and respiratory alkalosis due to deoxygenated red blood cells. B. Hypersensitivity of the central nervous system (CNS) due to elevated serum bilirubin levels C. A general inflammatory response due to an autoimmune reaction from hypoxia D. Local tissue damage with ischemia and necrosis due to obstructed circulation

D. Local tissue damage with ischemia and necrosis due to obstructed circulation

Nurse Emma is planning a client education program for sickle cell disease (SCD); What topic should be included in the plan of care? A. Aerobic exercise to improve oxygenation B. Fluid restraint to 1 qt (1 L)/day C. A high-iron, high-protein diet D. Proper hand washing and infection avoidance

D. Proper hand washing and infection avoidance

Reye's syndrome is a rare and severe illness affecting children and teenagers. Its development has been linked with the use of aspirin and which of the following? A. Meningitis B. Encephalitis C. Strep throat D. Varicella

D. Varicella

Sickle cell disease (SCD) primarily affects: A. children of African descent and Hispanics of Caribbean ancestry. B. children of Middle-Eastern and Indian descent. C. children of Asian descent. D. both African descent and Hispanics of Caribbean ancestry and Middle-Eastern and Indian descent.

D. both African descent and Hispanics of Caribbean ancestry and Middle-Eastern and Indian descent.

Because the diagnosis of rheumatic fever is difficult, an aid used to identify the presence of rheumatic fever is the _____________ _______________.

Jones criteria

________________ is a systemic disease involving the joints, heart, central nervous system (CNS), skin, and subcutaneous tissues. It belongs to a group of disorders known as collagen diseases.

Rheumatic fever (RF)

Arrange these parts of the conduction system of the heart in the correct order as an action potential would pass through them. SA node AV node Purkinje fibers Atrioventricular bundle R and L bundle of His

SA node AV node Atrioventricular bundle R and L bundle of His Purkinje fibers

Through what does the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome acquire oxygenated blood? a. The patent ductus arteriosus b. A ventricular septal defect c. The closure of the foramen ovale d. An atrial septal defect

d. An atrial septal defect

What finding would the nurse expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta? a. Blood pressure higher on the right side b. Blood pressure higher on the left side c. Blood pressure lower in the arms than in the legs d. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms

d. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms

Which assessment would lead the nurse to suspect that a newborn infant has a ventricular septal defect? a. A loud, harsh murmur with a systolic thrill b. Cyanosis when crying c. Blood pressure higher in the arms than in the legs d. A machinery-like murmur

a. A loud, harsh murmur with a systolic thrill

An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). What does the nurse understand regarding why dyspnea occurs? a. Blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion. b. Blood is shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia. c. Blood is shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia. d. Blood is circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.

a. Blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion.

What does the nurse explain that a ventricular septal defect will allow? a. Blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis b. Blood to shunt right to left, causing decreased pulmonary flow and cyanosis c. No shunting because of high pressure in the left ventricle d. Increased pressure in the left atrium, impeding circulation of oxygenated blood in the circulating volume

a. Blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis

The parent of a 1-year-old child with tetralogy of Fallot asks the nurse, Why do my childs fingertips look like that? On what understanding does the nurse base a response? a. Clubbing occurs as a result of untreated congestive heart failure. b. Clubbing occurs as a result of a left-to-right shunting of blood. c. Clubbing occurs as a result of decreased cardiac output. d. Clubbing occurs as a result of chronic hypoxia.

d. Clubbing occurs as a result of chronic hypoxia.

The nurse explained how to position an infant with tetralogy of Fallot if the infant suddenly becomes cyanotic. Which statement by the father leads the nurse to determine he understood the instructions? a. If the baby turns blue, I will hold him against my shoulder with his knees bent up toward his chest. b. If the baby turns blue, I will lay him down on a firm surface with his head lower than the rest of his body. c. If the baby turns blue, I will immediately put the baby upright in an infant seat. d. If the baby turns blue, I will put the baby in supine position with his head elevated

a. If the baby turns blue, I will hold him against my shoulder with his knees bent up toward his chest.

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The childs parent asks the nurse, How does Kawasaki disease affect my childs heart and blood vessels? On what understanding is the nurses response based? a. Inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm. b. Increased lipid levels lead to the development of atherosclerosis. c. Untreated disease causes mitral valve stenosis. d. Altered blood flow increases cardiac workload with resulting heart failure.

a. Inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm.

A father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position. What is the nurses best response? a. Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart. b. Squatting decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart. c. Squatting is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic. d. Squatting increases the workload of the heart.

a. Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart

A pediatric patient is scheduled for a noninvasive procedure to determine if his heart is structurally normal and to localize a murmur. What diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate? a. Barium swallow b. Chest x-ray c. Electrocardiogram d. Echocardiogram

d. Echocardiogram

Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect? a. He is always hungry. b. He tires out during feedings. c. He is fussy for several hours every day. d. He sleeps all the time

b. He tires out during feedings

A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. Which areas of the heart are affected by carditis? a. Coronary arteries b. Heart muscle and the mitral valve c. Aortic and pulmonic valves d. Contractility of the ventricles

b. Heart muscle and the mitral valve

A child has an elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer. Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever? a. Subcutaneous nodules and fever b. Painful, tender joints and carditis c. Erythema marginatum and arthralgia d. Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate

b. Painful, tender joints and carditis

Which is the most appropriate nursing action related to the administration of digoxin (Lanoxin) to an infant? a. Counting the apical rate for 30 seconds before administering the medication b. Withholding a dose if the apical heart rate is less than 100 beats/min c. Repeating a dose if the child vomits within 30 minutes of the previous dose d. Checking respiratory rate and blood pressure before each dose

b. Withholding a dose if the apical heart rate is less than 100 beats/min

An infant with congestive heart failure is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). What does the nurse recognize as a sign of digoxin toxicity? a. Restlessness b. Decreased respiratory rate c. Increased urinary output d. Vomiting

d. Vomiting

How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 5 years d. 10 years

c. 5 years

A child with rheumatic fever begins involuntary, purposeless movements of her limbs. What does the nurse recognize that this indicates? a. Seizure activity b. Hypoxia c. Sydenhams chorea d. Decreasing level of consciousness

c. Sydenhams chorea