Test Out: Learning Linux basics

There are several cloud computing options available for Linux. Drag the cloud computing option on the left to its appropriate description on the right. Drag IaaS SaaS NaaS STaaS Drop 1. Provides access to software and data through the cloud. 2. Provides access to storage devices through the cloud. 3. Provides network connectivity through the cloud. 4. Provides access to virtual machines through a network connection.

1. SaaS 2. STaaS 3. NaaS 4. IaaS

Which of the following is designed to provide a Linux command line interface? Answer GPL Bash GCC GIMP

Bash --A GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) compiler system allows an individual to write their own programs. --The Linux kernel is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), which requires the source code to remain freely available to anybody who wants it. --GIMP is an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a free and open-source image editor, similar to Photoshop.

When Linus Torvalds first released Linux version 0.02 in 1991, which utilities were included in the release? (Select three.) Answer GCC compiler system Database server File server Web server Print server: Update utility Bash shell

GCC compiler system Update utility Bash shell

What is normally disabled by default on most Linux servers? Answer IaaS TUI Embedded Linux GUI

GUI

You are using the vi editor to manage a text file on a Linux system. You want to type new text into the file. When you type, you want the existing text that comes after the cursor to be pushed down. Which mode provides this function? Answer Text Mode Command Mode Insert Mode Command Line Mode Replace Mode

Insert Mode --In the vi editor, you need to switch to Insert Mode to be able to type new text in the file and have existing text that comes after the cursor pushed down. --In Replace Mode, the existing text that comes after the cursor would be replaced when you typed new text. --In Command Line Mode, you can enter commands to save the file and exit, exit the file without saving, save the file with a new name, or perform similar functions. --In Command Mode, you can perform many useful editing tasks, such as cut, paste, copy, and more. --There is no Text Mode in the vi editor.

An administrator logs in to a Linux computer and runs the following command: ps -aux | grep firefox Of the following, which best describes the functionality of this command? It locates and lists the processes used to run the Firefox web browser. It kills any running programs that start with the word firefox. It opens directories that start with the word firefox. It creates a new tab for filtering in Firefox.

It locates and lists the processes used to run the Firefox web browser.

You are creating a Linux program that needs to write data to a hard disk. In order to save time, you decide to have your program call a pre-written code element that tells the operating system to perform the task. What is this focused pre-written code element called? Answer Kernel Distribution Embedded Library

Library

Which of the following Linux software applications provides word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations? Answer Distro GIMP LibreOffice LightWorks

LibreOffice

Which of the following must specifically be modified to embed Linux within intelligent devices (such as smart TVs and tablets)? Answer Linux operating system Linux user interface Linux distribution Linux utilities

Linux operating system --Embedded Linux is the process of embedding Linux within intelligent devices, such as automation and control equipment, smart TVs, smartphones, and tablets. To accomplish embedment, the operating system is customized so that it only provides the functions required by that particular device, and all the remaining unnecessary elements of the kernel are removed. ---Linux utilities and the Linux interface may be impacted by the process of embedding Linux within an intelligent device. They are not modified to achieve the embedding process. ---While embedded Linux could be called a type of Linux distribution, it is more accurately defined as a separate and specific process.

Linux has been a mainstay operating system in server rooms for many years, and it has grown even more pervasive in recent times. Which of the following types of devices has Linux taken over a large percentage of the market for? Answer Desktop workstations Printers Wi-Fi routers Mobile devices

Mobile devices

Which of the following tools is used to type recovery commands into a Linux box? Backup/Time Machine Shell/Terminal Restore/Snapshot Command/CMD

Shell/Terminal ---The most common Linux shell program is the Terminal utility, which uses the Bash shell by default on most Linux distros. (This is also available in macOS.) This utility allows the user to enter commands of all types - including recovery commands - to be executed by Linux. Incorrect answers: The equivalent of the Terminal utility in Windows is the PowerShell or Command Prompt. By the way, the Command Prompt is often referred to as CMD because it can be opened with the cmd.exe executable. --Backup and restoration programs, such as macOS's Time Machine, Windows System Restore, and so on, cannot have recovery commands typed into them. You require some kind of text interface to do it.

Which of the following best describes the GNU General Public License (GPL) that is associated with the Linux kernel source code? Answer The Linux source code remains freely available to anybody who wants it. You need to pay a yearly fee to access and change the Linux source code. The Linux source code remains free to those who use it for non-commercial applications. You can freely utilize, but not change, the Linux source code.

The Linux source code remains freely available to anybody who wants it.

Which of the following are popular Linux OS distributions? (Select three.) Answer NaaS Ubuntu Debian Library SaaS SUSE Terminal

Ubuntu Debian SUSE

On a Linux system using the Debian Package Manager, which of the following commands would you use to search online repositories for an installable Firefox package? Answer rpm -s firefox apt-get search firefox apt search firefox yum search firefox

apt search firefox --since you are working with a Debian Package Manager system, the correct answer is the apt search firefox command. --The rpm command only searches against installed packages. --The yum search firefox command would work for an RPM Linux system. --The apt-get search firefox command is incorrect in this scenario.

Which of the following commands can you use to install updated packages (found in configured repositories) that are currently installed on a Debian Package Manager-based system? (Select two.) Answer apt-get dist-upgrade apt update yum update apt dist-upgrade yum upgrade

apt-get dist-upgrade apt dist-upgrade

You use a Linux distribution that employs Debian Package Manager (dpkg) for package management. Which command would you use to install httpd (the Apache HTTP Server package) and all its dependencies? Answer yum install httpd apt-get install httpd dpkg install httpd yum install httpd -dep apt-get install httpd -dep ps -ef ps -e

apt-get install httpd --The apt-get command can automatically locate and download Debian packages for you by searching one or more repositories on the internet. This command installs the package and all of its dependencies at the same time.

Which command would you enter at the shell prompt to start a new Bourne-Again Shell (Bash) session?

bash --The bash command opens a Bourne-Again Shell (Bash) session. Bash is the standard shell used in most Linux computers. It uses commands similar to a UNIX shell and includes: Command completion Command history Improved arithmetic functions References See TestOut PC Pro 7.0 - 9.4 Linux File Management

A technician attempts to run an executable file on a Linux computer and receives a Permission Denied message. Which of the following commands should the technician use? Answer chmod grep ps ls

chmod ---The chmod command modifies the permissions on a files and defines who can access the file and the mode by which the file can be accessed. The grep command is used to search text. The ls command list the contents of a directory. The ps command lists information on the running processes on a Linux computer.

Which command should be used to change the permissions of a file? ps chown NTFS chmod

chmod --Use the chmod command to change permissions in Linux and macOS. ---ps displays information about a given process. ---chown changes ownership of a file. ---NTFS is the file system used by Windows that allows for file-level security assigned by a user or group.

One of your customers is trying to install a 3 TB storage drive to a Linux system. The customer wishes to use half of the drive capacity for one partition now and wants to have the option to increase the partition size later on. Which file system should you recommend? NTFS FAT32 ext4 APFS

ext4 --It is the default on most Linux systems, and it has the ability to be resized at a later date

Which of the following commands should be used to search for a specific string in a filename? sudo grep chmod wget

grep ---grep is the Linux command used to search for matching information in a file, files, or filename. Incorrect answers: --Other Linux commands include sudo, which is used to allow a user to execute a command as another user (for example, an administrator); --chmod, which is used to change the permissions of a file or folder; and --wget, which retrieves content from web servers (as opposed to the get command, which is often used to obtain files from an FTP server).

A technician uses the ps command to find information about a process that is running a browser application on a Linux computer. The technician knows the name of the process, but the list is very long. Which of the following commands would help the technician find and display only the information about the browser process? Answer sudo ls grep cd

grep --The grep command is used to search text. The technician could save the output of the ps command in a text file and then search the files, or the technician could pipe the output from the ps command into the grep command. --The ls command list the contents of a directory. --The cd command is used to change the current directory or the directory in which the user is currently working. --The sudo command is short for "superuser do" or "substitute user do." This command allows a user with proper permissions to execute a command as another user, such as a superuser.

One of your customers runs Linux and wants to know how to use the grep command to identify every file name in the current directory that contains the term "update." Which of the following should you tell the customer to use? grep "update" <filename> update grep grep -d update * grep -i update * apt update | grep *

grep -i update * grep -i update * will look for the word "update" within the current directory but will search no further. By the way, in most Linux distributions, grep update * would provide the same results as grep -i update *. --the syntax grep "update" <filename> would work by searching for the word "update" within the file that is requested (whatever <filename> equals). However, it won't look at all files in the directory. (Also, the double quotes are not necessary.) update grep would not work because Linux would think that the command you are trying to type is "update," which is not a command in most distributions. ---grep -d update * will also look in subdirectories, which the customer did not want—and could be time consuming depending on the directory structure. ---apt update | grep * is not proper Bash command line syntax, but it would probably initiate an update on the system—not desired here!

you are tasked with finding a specific string of a file in a Linux workstation, and then navigating to the appropriate directory to work with the file. Which two commands should you issue in Linux? grep and cd pwd and chmod rm and sudo ls and cp

grep and cd -- grep is used to search and filter for specific strings of information. cd is used to "change directory" so that you can access the directory you need. Incorrect answers: --pwd is used to find out the current path you are working in. chmod is used to change permissions on files and directories. ---rm is used to remove files and or directories. sudo is the command used to run any administrative commands. --ls shows the contents of a directory. cp is used to copy files or directories.

What would you enter at the Command Prompt on a Linux system to display the IP addresses and subnet masks that are assigned to each network interface?

ip --The ip or ifconfig command displays the IP addresses and subnet masks that are assigned to each network interface on a Linux system.

You are troubleshooting a network connectivity problem on a Linux computer. Which of the following commands will display information about the network interface? ip a grep -i sudo netsh

ip a --grep is a search and filtering tool. If used with the -i option, it ignores case distinctions (meaning uppercase and lowercase). ---sudo needs to be issued before any administrative commands. ---netsh (short for network shell) is actually a Windows command that you would run in PowerShell or the Command Prompt—tricky!

Which command in Linux shows the contents of a directory? ls pwd cd mv

ls --ls will list the directory contents in Linux and macOS. It is similar to the dir command in Windows (which can also be used in Linux). --pwd is used to display the full path of the working directory (for example, /home/root). -- cd is used to change directories. It is very similar to the Windows command of the same name. --mv is used to move files.

You want to know more about the usage, command syntax, and options available with the Linux cat command. What would you enter at the Command Prompt to display this information about the cat command?

man cat --Entering man cat displays the manual page for the cat command. This command is very similar to the help screen, but provides more detail.

You work in an office that uses Linux and Windows servers. The network uses the IP protocol. You are sitting at a Windows workstation, and an application you are using is unable to connect to a Windows server named FileSrv2. Which of the following commands would work BEST to test network connectivity between your workstation and the server? (Select two.) Answer arp ping dig tracert nslookup

ping tracert

Which command would you use to display a simple list of all processes running on a Linux distribution that use either RPM or dpkg for package management? Answer yum process info yum info yum -ef ps -ef apt-get -e ps -e apt-get -ef yum -e

ps -e ---The ps utility displays running processes on a Linux system. ---Enter ps -e to display a simple list (without extended information) of all processes running on the system. ---ps -ef displays a list (with extended information) of all the processes running on the system. ---yum and apt-get are package management tools. They are not used for process management.

One of your customers tells you that an application in Linux will not open and gives this error: Only one instance of the program can be run at any time. You log in to the system as root and open Terminal. Which of the following commands should you run to ensure that no other instances of the program are open? cp and rm ls and chown ps and kill pwd and chmod sudo and nano

ps and kill ----cp is used to copy files, and rm is used to remove them. ---ls lists the contents of a directory, and chown changes ownership of files and directories. ---pwd shows the current path, and chmod changes permissions on files and directories. ---sudo is used before administrative commands, and nano opens the built-in text editor.

While working on a Linux system that has been underperforming, you notice that there is one process that is utilizing a significant amount of CPU time. The name of the process is "hidden.sh". Which of the following ps commands would you use to ensure that you can see who owns that process? Answer ps -ef ps aux ps -el ps ax

ps aux --The correct answer is ps aux. --The u option lists the user/owner field in the output. --All of the other commands list the processes, but these commands do not include the user/owner.

What would you enter at the shell prompt on a Linux system to display the present working directory?

pwd --

You would like to completely shut down a system 10 minutes after notifying all users of your intent. Which of the following commands should you enter at the shell prompt? Answer shutdown -h +10 message shutdown -r +10 message shutdown -p 10 message shutdown 10 -h message

shutdown -h +10 message --The shutdown command shuts down or reboots a system in a secure manner. >>>Listed below are options that work with this command. +m specifies when to perform the shutdown operation. m is the amount of time (specified in minutes). -h instructs the system to shut down and power down. -r instructs the system to reboot after the shutdown. -p powers off the machine. message specifies a message that is sent to all users that accompanies the standard shutdown notification. ----shutdown -p 10 message would power down the machine without properly shutting it down. The 10 is missing a + sign before it. ----shutdown -r +10 message would reboot (not shut down) the machine 10 minutes after displaying the message to the users. ----shutdown 10 -h message is incorrect syntax, and the 10 is missing the + sign.

Which of the following commands can you issue in Linux to elevate the current user's access level to administrator? su chmod passwd sudo nano chown Select 2 answers

su sudo --chmod is used to change the permissions of a file or folder. --passwd is used to change the currently logged-in user password. --Typing the command nano will open the Nano text editor in Linux. --chown changes the ownership settings of files and folders.

You are the administrator for a Linux server. Following best practices for system security and effective administration, you always log in to the system with a standard non-root user account. You only elevate your privileges to root user level when you need to do an administrative task. What do you enter at the Command Prompt that will, by default, switch you to the root user and require you to enter the root password?

su - --At the Command Prompt, enter the " su - " command so that the system will switch you to the root user and require you to enter the root password. You will then be able to perform tasks that require root user administrative privileges. After completing these tasks, you should log out as the root user and return to the standard user account.

You are working as a junior administrator at a midsized company. You are tasked with updating Linux system software. Which command should be used to gain the necessary permissions to update the software? grep sudo chmod pwd

sudo ---Use the sudo command before other commands that require administrative permissions. For example, you might type: sudo apt upgrade This will initiate an upgrade on a Debian-based system. Without the sudo command, it will not work for any user other than root. Don't forget, you can also use apt-get instead of apt. ---grep is used to search for matching information in specified files or to filter the results of a command being run. ---chmod is used to change permissions. ---pwd shows the current path that you are located in (pwd stands for print working directory).

While troubleshooting an issue with an Apache web server on your Linux system, you need to look at the last several entries in the log file. Which of the following tools would be best suited for this task? (Select two.) Answer tail ls dd cat head

tail cat --Both tail and cat are suited for this task. >>The tail command prints out the last 10 lines of a file by default. >>The cat command prints out the contents of a file. --The dd command copies a file or device. --The ls command is for listing the files in a directory. --The head command prints out the first 10 lines of a file by default.

You are required to edit several text files on a Linux system. Which of the following tools could you use to perform the proper edits? Nano Top Chmod Vim Dig Select 2 answers

use Nano, and Vim (or vi), or Gedit. Incorrect answers: --The top program is used to analyze processes that are running in Linux and view their CPU and memory usage. --The chmod command is used to change permissions on files and directories. --The dig command can display information related to DNS for a particular host.

During a routine audit of a web server running on an RPM-based Linux system, you notice a package that is not installed from the standard server template. This is an error. Before you do anything, however, you need to find the package's dependencies. The package's name is orleans. Which of the following commands lists dependencies? Answer yum info orleans apt info orleans apt search orleans yum list orleans

yum info orleans

You use a Linux distribution that uses RPM for package management. Which command would you use to install httpd (the Apache HTTP Server package) and all its dependencies? Answer apt-get update httpd apt-get install httpd yum install httpd -dep yum update httpd yum install httpd

yum install httpd -- a Linux distribution that uses RPM for package management, enter yum install httpd on the command line to install the Apache HTTP Server package and all its dependencies. yum automatically locates and downloads RPM packages for you by searching one or more repositories on the internet. This command can install a software package and all of its dependencies at the same time.

You use a Linux distribution that uses RPM for package management. Which command would you use to display a list of all packages available for installation within the internet repositories configured on the system? Answer yum show available yum list all ps -ef apt-get list yum list available apt-get list available ps -e yum show all

yum list available

You use a Linux distribution that utilizes RPM for package management. Which command would you use to verify that the httpd package (the Apache HTTP Server package) is installed? Answer yum list installed httpd yum info httpd yum search httpd yum list installed

yum list installed httpd

On a Linux system using RPM for package management, which of the following commands would you use to search online repositories for an available Firefox package? Answer yum search firefox rpm -s firefox apt-get search firefox apt search firefox

yum search firefox --The rpm command only searches the local system for previously installed files; the -s option is not used for this purpose. --The apt-get search firefox and apt search firefox commands are both utilized on Debian Package Management systems. --The apt-get command does not have a search function.