The American Pageant Chapter 2-4

Georgia

Buffer colony between Florida and Louisiana

First Anglo-Powhatan War

First war against the Native Americans which involved the use of "Irish tactics"

Middle Colonies

Colonies that were built around rivers, industry, and diversity

Primogeniture

Law that decreed that only eldest sons could inherit estates

Mayflower Compact

An agreement formed by the Pilgrims to form a crude government and submit to the will of the majority under the regulations set in place

Protestant Reformation

An effort which came to fruition after Queen Elizabeth ascended the throne and this became the dominant religion

Leisler's Rebellion

Animosity between landholders and aspiring merchants in New York led to this insurgence

Barbados slave code

Bill that gave masters complete control over their laborers

Iroquois Confederacy

Bound together five Native American nations

John Smith

Captain who saved Jamestown from completely collapse

Antinomianism

Claim made that holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of God or man

New Haven

Colony founded by Puritans that aimed to have more of a church-government than Massachusetts, and was later merged with democratic settlements in the Connecticut Valley

Dutch East India Company

Company that led the Dutch to become a massive and wealthy empire, holding much power in the East Indies

Virginia Company

Company that received a charter for a settlement in the New World

Royal African Company

Company whose loss of charter caused a steep rise in value of slaves

Dutch East India Company

Counterpart to its more powerful sister company, this company established outposts in Africa and the Carribean, and a thriving sugar enterprise in Brazil. In 1628 it raided a fleet of Spanish treasure ships and stole $15 million in loot

Jamestown

First successful colony established in 1607

Jeremiad

Form of sermon which scolded parishioners for their waning piety, leading to a large decrease in conversions

Lord De La Warr

Harsh leader of Jamestown who employed "Irish tactics" against the Native Americans

Henry Hudson

Hired by the Dutch to sail northeast, he disregarded orders and ventured into Delaware Bay and New York Bay in 1609

Predestination

Idea in Calvinism that argued humans were marked for either eternal bliss or eternal torment, and couldn't be saved

King Philip's War

In 1675 Massoit's sun, Metacom, referred to as King Philip by the English, assaulted Englsih villages, attacking 52 and destroying 12 colonies

Women

In the Chesapeake Bay colonies, males outnumbered who 6 to 1?

Pocahontas

Native American lady who married John Rolfe and ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War

Connecticut

Often called to as "the Blue Law State", referencing the blue paper on which repressive laws were printed

Indentured Servants

People who mortgaged their labor for transatlantic passage and eventual "freedom dues"

Great English Migration

Period when about seventy thousand refugees fled England during the 1630s

Salem witch trials

Persecution against women who were accused of being witches, leading to a "witch hunt"

Congregational Church

Puritans ran their own church and democracy and led to democracy in political government

William Penn

Quaker who created Pennsylvania as an asylum for Quakers and welcomed "substantial citizens"

Bacon's Rebellion

Rebellion in Virginia, 1676, led by Nathaniel Bacon after Governor Berkeley refused to retaliate against Indian's attacks on frontier settlements

Conversion

Receipt of God's free gift or saving grace sought out by Calvinists

Quakers

Religious group that refused to pay taxes that benefited the Church of England

Middle Passage

Route in which slave trade ships took, and was responsible for 20 percent of slave deaths

Spanish Armada

Spanish fleet that the English defeated and led to the downfall of the Spanish

Slave Codes

Statutes that formally declared that slaves were the property of their masters for life

Connecticut

The Nutmeg State

House of Burgesses

The first form of representative self-government attempted in the US

John Winthrop

The first governor of Massachusetts

Fundamental Orders

The first version of a modern constitution, created by the Connecticut River colony, and went on to be borrowed for Connecticut's charter

Calvinism

Theological idea which argued God was all-powerful and all-good, and humans were inherently wicked and weak

Half-Way Covenant

This arrangement modified the agreement in the covenant so that you had to admit to baptism

Yamasee Indians

Tribe defeated by South Carolinians

Patroonships

Vast feudal estates

William Berkeley

Virginia governor who lamented ruling and spurred a revolt in 1676

Massoit

Wampanoag chieftain that signed a treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped celebrate the first Thanksgiving that year

Pequot War

War in 1637 that took place after rising tensions between English settlers and the powerful Pequot tribe came to a head, and the settlers besieged and killed all of the Native Americans

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

War in which the last effort of the Native Americans was made to run the Virginians out

Tuscarora War

War where North Carolinians retaliated against the Native Americans and crushed them

English Civil War

War which distracted old England and forced the colonists to become self-sufficient

North Carolina

What was considered to be the "squatter colony"

Tobacco

What was the main crop of the Chesapeake colonies?

Chesapeake Bay Colonies

Which colonies would you lose ten years of your life by living in?

Massachusetts

Which colony, in 1636, established Harvard, the oldest corporation in America?

James Oglethorpe

Who founded the Georgia colony?

Head-right system

Whoever paid for the passage of a labourer received the right to acquire 50 acres of land

Anne Hutchinson

Women who challenged the Puritan idea of Predestination, and was banished for heresy in 1638

First Families of Virginia (FFV)

70 percent of the leaders in the Virginia legislature came from ________ before 1690

New Amsterdam

A company town established by the Dutch East India Company with the intent of being an aristocratic city

Roanoke Island

A failed attempt at colonization led by Sir Walter Raleigh

Joint-stock company

A format of investment where investors could pool their capital

Witch-hunting

A metaphor for the often dangerously irrational urge to find a scapegoat for social resentments

Massachusetts

A prosperous colony led by Puritans that was home to Puritans and non-Puritans alike

New England Confederation

A union formed in 1643 by four colonies with the intent of defending against foes such as the Indians, the French, and the Dutch

Separatists

Dedicated Puritans who wanted to completely separate from the Church of England

Charter

Document that guarantees overseas settlers have the same rights they have at home

Peter Stuyvesant

Dubbed "Father Wooden Leg", this Dutch general led a bloodless siege against the main fort of the Swedish, ending their short rule

Puritans

English reformers who wanted complete purification of English Christianity

New Netherland

Established in the Hudson River area in 1623, this profitable fur trade city was founded by the Dutch

John Rolfe

Father of the Tobacco industry and economic savior of Virginia

Rhode Island

Known as "the traditional home of the otherwise minded", this state began as a squatter colony in 1636 and secured a charter in 1644

Act of Toleration

Law which guaranteed toleration to all Christians and no one else

Blue Laws

Laws in Pennsylvania that prohibited ungodly revellers, such as stage plays, playing cards, dice games, and excessive hilarity

Roger Williams

Man who founded the most liberal and religiously tolerant colony of the New World in 1636

Sir Walter Raleigh

Man who led the failed Roanoke Colony