The Open-Closed Principle

BEHAVIOR

Closed for modification means that extending the ___ of a module won't incur changes to the source or binary code of that module.

SOURCE OR BINARY CODE

Closed for modification means that extending the behavior of a module won't incur changes to the ___ of that module.

DEVELOPMENT TIME

Conforming to OCP costs ___ and programmer effort to create the appropriate abstractions.

PROGRAMMER EFFORT

Conforming to OCP costs development time and ___ to create the appropriate abstractions.

ABSTRACTIONS

Conforming to OCP costs development time and programmer effort to create the appropriate ___.

TEMPLATE METHOD

Design patterns that satisfy OCP are the Strategy pattern and the ___ pattern.

STRATEGY

Design patterns that satisfy OCP are the ___ pattern and the Template Method pattern.

DERIVATIVES

In OOP, all possible ___ of an abstract base class are an unbounded group of possible behaviors.

UNBOUNDED

In OOP, all possible derivatives of an abstract base class are an ___ group of possible behaviors.

BEHAVIORS

In OOP, all possible derivatives of an abstract base class are an unbounded group of possible ___.

ABSTRACT BASE CLASS

In OOP, an ___ has a fixed behavior.

FIXED

In OOP, an abstract base class has a ___ behavior.

CLOSED

In general, no matter how ___ a module is, there will always be some kind of change against which it is not closed.

CLOSED

In general, no matter how closed a module is, there will always be some kind of change against which it is not ___.

FIXED

OCP says a module should have a ___ behavior yet should represent an unbounded group of possible behaviors.

UNBOUNDED

OCP says a module should have a fixed behavior yet should represent an ___ group of possible behaviors.

BEHAVIORS

OCP says a module should have a fixed behavior yet should represent an unbounded group of possible ___.

FURTHER CHANGES OF THAT KIND

OCP says that after a refactor, ___ will not cause more modification to the design.

MODIFICATION

OCP says that after a refactor, further changes of that kind will not cause more ___ to the design.

CHANGE

OCP says that given a ___, we should protect ourselves from further changes of that kind.

PROTECT

OCP says that given a change, we should ___ ourselves from further changes of that kind.

FURTHER CHANGES OF THAT KIND

OCP says that given a change, we should protect ourselves from ___.

REQUIREMENTS

Open for extension means that as ___ change, a module can be extended with new behaviors.

EXTENDED

Open for extension means that as requirements change, a module can be ___ with new behaviors.

BEHAVIORS

Open for extension means that as requirements change, a module can be extended with new ___.

BEHAVIOR

Open for extension means that the ___ of a module can be extended.

EXTENDED

Open for extension means that the behavior of a module can be ___.

CHANGE

Open for extension simply means we can ___ what a module does.

MODULE

Open for extension simply means we can change what a ___ does.

PREMATURE ABSTRACTION

Resisting ___ is as important as abstraction itself.

ABSTRACTION

Resisting premature abstraction is as important as ___ itself.

COMPLETE

Since module closure cannot be ___, it must be strategic.

STRATEGIC

Since module closure cannot be complete, it must be ___.

CLASSES, MODULES, FUNCTIONS, ETC,

The Open-Closed Principle says ___ should be open for extension but closed for modification.

OPEN FOR EXTENSION

The Open-Closed Principle says classes, modules, functions, etc, should be ___ but closed for modification.

CLOSED FOR MODIFICATION

The Open-Closed Principle says classes, modules, functions, etc, should be open for extension but ___.

CHOOSE

The designer must ___ the kinds of changes their design must be closed to.

CLOSED

The designer must choose the kinds of changes their design must be ___ to.

MODEL

There is no ___ that is natural to all contexts.

NATURAL

There is no model that is ___ to all contexts.

CONTEXTS

There is no model that is natural to all ___.

CONSIDERING

To avoid Needless Complexity, wait until the changes happen before ___ OCP.

NEEDLESS COMPLEXITY

To avoid ___, wait until the changes happen before considering OCP.

FURTHER CHANGES OF THAT KIND

When OCP is applied well, ___ are achieved by adding new code, not by changing old code that already works.

ADDING

When OCP is applied well, further changes of that kind are achieved by ___ new code, not by changing old code that already works.

CHANGING

When OCP is applied well, further changes of that kind are achieved by adding new code, not by ___ old code that already works.

SINGLE

When a ___ change to a program results in a cascade of changes to dependent modules, the design smells of Rigidity.

CASCADE

When a single change to a program results in a ___ of changes to dependent modules, the design smells of Rigidity.

RIGIDITY

When a single change to a program results in a cascade of changes to dependent modules, the design smells of ___.

ABSTRACTIONS

___ are created to protect against changes.

OPEN FOR EXTENSION

___ means that as requirements change, a module can be extended with new behaviors.

CLOSED FOR MODIFICATION

___ means that extending the behavior of a module won't incur changes to the source or binary code of that module.

OPEN FOR EXTENSION

___ means that the behavior of a module can be extended.

THE OPEN-CLOSED PRINCIPLE

___ says classes, modules, functions, etc, should be open for extension but closed for modification.

OPEN FOR EXTENSION

___ simply means we can change what a module does.

OPEN FOR EXTENSION

A module that manipulates an abstract base class is ___, by creating new derivatives of the abstraction.

CLOSED FOR MODIFICATION

A module that manipulates an abstract base class is ___, since it depends upon a fixed abstraction.

FIXED

A module that manipulates an abstract base class is closed for modification, since it depends upon a ___ abstraction.

DERIVATIVES

A module that manipulates an abstract base class is open for extension, by creating new ___ of the abstraction.

CLIENTS

Abstract classes are more closely associated to their ___ than to their derivatives.

DERIVATIVES

Abstract classes are more closely associated to their clients than to their ___.

PROTECT

Abstractions are created to ___ against changes.

LIKELY

Applications of OCP should be limited to ___ changes.