The periodic table

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Ion

A Charged atom

Period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Semiconductors

B Si Ge As Sb Te

Nonmetals

H He C N O F Ne P S Cl Ar Se Br Kr I Xe At Rn

Describe why atoms of bromine, Br, are very reactive. To which family does bromine belong

Halogen group

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in his periodic table

He arranged elements in rows by increasing atomic mass

Describe how Mendeleev Organized his periodic table

He organized his periodic table by putting the elements in rows in order of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column

Identify the following on the periodic table A. The chemical symbol for mercury B. The period and group for gold C. The atomic mass of iron D. The atomic number of neon E. The element represented by Cu

Hg Period 6 Group 11 55.845 u 10 Cu

What happens to an atom that gains or loses electrons

It no longer has an equal number of electrons and protons. Because the charges do not cancel completely, the atom has a net electric charge

Identify which element is more reactive: lithium, Li, or beryllium, Be

Lithium, Li

What are the three main categories of elements

Metals Nonmetals and Semiconductors

Classify the following elements as alkali, alkaline-earth, or transition metals based on their positions in the periodic table: A. Fe B. K C. Sr D. Pt

Potassium is a alkali metal, Strontium is a Alkali- earth metal, Iron and Platinum are Transition metals

Compare the number of valence electrons in an atom of Oxygen with the number of valence electrons in an atom selenium

They have the Exact same number of valence electrons

What does each element family have in common

They have the same number of valence electrons

Group

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties

Metals conduct electricity well, while nonmetals do not. Which element should conduct electricity better: Germanium, aluminum, or Helium

Aluminum

Explain why elements in a group on the periodic table have similar chemical properties

Because Their atoms have the same number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level

Explain why Mendeleev left a space for the unknown (at the time) element germanium in his periodic table

Because he predicted that this element would be gray metal that has a high melting point

What are semiconductors

Elements that are able to conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions

State the property used to organize elements in the modern periodic table

Increasing atomic mass

Metal

Li Be Na Mg K Ca Rb Cs Ba Fr Ra Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Al Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uuq Uuh Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

List the three main categories of elements, and give an example of each

Metals example: Copper Lead Non Metals Example: Carbon Sulfur Semiconductors example: tellurium silicon

Describe why chemists might sometimes store reactive chemicals in argon, Ar. To which family does argon belong

Noble gases

What are some of the families of nonmetals

Noble gases and the halogens

Describe why lithium and other Group 1 elements usually form positive ions, while fluorine and other Group 17 elements form negative ions

Removing a valence electron of Lithium makes it become positive but adding a valence electron to fluorine makes it become negative

Are the properties of sodium, Na, more like properties of lithium, Li, or magnesium, Mg

Sodium and Lithium are in the same group, so their properties should be more alike than the properties of Sodium and Magnesium

Periodic law

The law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table

The modern periodic table organizes elements by atomic number

Why do elements within a group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties

Their atoms have the same number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level

What are the families of metals

They include alkali metals, the alkaline-earth metals, and the transition metals

Explain why some atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions

To form a net electric charge


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