The Real World Chapter 8- Race & Ethnic Relations
**** secondary comes before primary****
...
Accommodation
...
Structural Assimilation
...
Time of Entrance: (how longer the group has been here, makes it easier for new immigrants of that group to assimilate.)
...
Hate Crime bill passed in
1990s
amount of Horses in NYC
20,000
racism
A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is:
racism
A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences between groups are genetic (page 226)
Race social
A socially constructed category of humans, classified on the basis of certain arbitrarily selected hereditary characteristics that differentiate them from other human groups
ethnicity
A socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor (page 222)
discrimination
An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called:
situational ethnicity
An ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation (page 223)
prejudice
An idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it (page 228)
Birth Of A Nation film director
D.W. Griffith directed it,
dominant
Despite demographic shifts, how can you tell that whites are still the dominant group in California?
social institutions
Despite demographic shifts, how can you tell that whites are still the dominant group in California? They remain dominant in terms of power, resources, and representation in ______________.
symbolic ethnicity
Displays of ethnic identity that only occur on special occasions are called:
Birth of a Nation novelist
Dixon
Conflict theory
Held together by power of dominant classes
Provide a historical or contemporary example of genocide.
Holocaust
Whites are now less than half of the population of California.
How do the demographics of California challenge the way that the term "minority" has been used in the past?
Whites are now less than half the population of California
How do the demographics of California challenge the way that the term "minority" has been used in the past?
we do a cost - benefit analysis
How do we decide when to display situational ethnicity?
Cablinasian
How does Tiger Woods describe his own racial identity?
The Internet is not a place where negative racial distinctions disappear; they simply appear in different ways.
How have racial problems manifested themselves on the internet?
the social construction of race
In the early 1900s, native-born Americans, usually Protestants, did not consider Irish, Italian, or Jewish immigrants to be white. What does this illustrate?
Samba
T.G. Rice (1830)- portrayed as innocent, docile black man who likes song and dance
Authoritarian theory
That there is a personality type that is prone to prejudicial thoughts
genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called:
internal colonialism
The economic and political domination and subjugation of the minority group by the controlling group within a nation (page 239)
internal colonialism
The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:
segregation
The formal and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity (page 239)
Middleman minorities
It often acts as mediators between dominant group and the subordinate ethic groups.(occupational roles as traders, shopkeepers, moneylenders, and independent professionals; They therefore are part of the dominate group and the subordinate group as well).
Guniea
Italian
Black Kettle
Leader of Shyan, tried to convince shyan to bend to will of govt..they wouldn't listen to him and they revolted
coming from a non-English speaking background
What factor makes someone most likely to drop out of high school?
Biologically there is not such thing as a pure race
What has modern science determined about racial categories?
believing that Asians are better at math
What is an example of a prejudice?
racial assimilation
What is it called when members of a racial minority group intermarry and have children with members of the dominant group until the races are completely mixed?
poverty
What is the effect of a split labor market, in which workers belonging to one race are paid less than those of a different race?
to increase diversity
What is the goal of affirmative action?
a salad bowl
What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced multiculturalism and pluralism?
the assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society
What racial issue does functionalism explain?
the assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society
What racial issue does functionalism help to explain?
the assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society
What racial issues does functionalism explain?
cultural assimilation
When members of a minority group learn the cultural practices of the dominant group, they have undergone
symbolic ethnicity
When someone of Irish ancestry who doesn't typically identify as Irish in everyday life puts on a green hat, drinks green beer, and wears a "Kiss me, I'm Irish" t-shirt on St. Patrick's Day, it is an example of:
majority / minority state
When whites are less than half the population of any given state, it is called a:
Asian Americans
Which major U.S. racial group has the lowest high school drop-out rate?
Switzerland
Which of the following countries is an example of a pluralistic culture in which people of French, Italian, and German heritage live peacefully together in political and economic unity?
Never having to speak for all the people of your race is an example of...
a white privilege.
PEople with authoritarian personalities:
accept authority uncritically.
Eleanor Roosevelt
activily supported NAACP
Transcontinental railroad
began in 1862, completed 1869 in Utah..from chicago to the west..where east meets west in Utah
On the day before the vote on the 1964 Civil Rights Act...
enemies of the act included gender, hoping for its defeat.
Kennedy Heights, a predominantly Black housing development was knowingly constructed on contaminated land. This is known as...
environmental racism.
problems with homestead act
excludes blacks (they weren't elgible for citizenship in 1862), given to german immigrants who weren't in country yet
The removal from Vietnam in 1979 of nearly one million ethnic Chinese is an example of..
expulsion.
horse waste
gallon of urine, 10-20 lb of feces per day
Americanization Efforts
ideas that you can help and educate the immigrants
Italian priorities
money
Cultivation out west
more acres set aside in two decades than 250 years (kansas, nebraska, tx...)
The Afrocentric perspective suggests...
more emphasis on African cultures and their role in the lives of Black Americans.
Sandcreek Massacre
most controversial and violent incidents out west, indians brutally murdered
Cowboy
no need to rely on money, no cattle..just need the will to work a lot
italians owning a ship?
no way, they could blow something up with it
When did effects of slavery end?
not in 1865 or 1867, linked to time period of segregation
NAACP view on lynchings
realizes not all are innocent, but it should go through regular court system
Protocols of the elders of zion
russian place that said the entire world bank system is controlled by a few old jewish men
Racial formation refers to the...
sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created and manipulated.
Exaggerated generalizations about the characteristics of members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group are known as...
stereotypes.
Grand Imperial Wizard
supersticious kkk hierarchy
massive plundering of the best land
supposed to wait until april 22 to get land, some left early to Oklahoma and gained the nickname the sooners
Ghost Dance
symbolic dance created by Wovoka in a dream that unites natives in saying the white man can't hurt them
Roy Wilkins
talks about segregation in florida and even tallahassee
African American sociologist W.E.B. DuBois said in 1900 that the century's major problem would be...
the color-line.
most important to be american?
nationality
racial assimilation
The process by which racial minority groups are absorbed into the dominant group through intermarriage (page 241)
Acculturate means
The process of the change
(Mainly used for extremist groups)
...
yellow bird
priest who started the ghost dance at wounded knee that resulted in the massacre of several hundred indians
Hitlerism
propoganda during 1930s
Burt Williams
put on a facade, talked like 'black face'
Frank sinatra
viewed as a criminal because he is italian; but he raised money for the war; arrested for trying to seduce a married women, charges dropped
Joe Zeppi
wanted to see son who joined military; can't get on base because not a u.s. citizen
Sitting Bull
was a Sioux holy man, originally supported govt intervention then alligned with wovoka, killed by police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him (dec 15, 1890) and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement
de facto
what is occurring
*Unequal distribution of power Unless one can overpower the another, there is no basis for a stable rank order of ethnic groups, even if there is competition and ethnocentrism among them.
...
2. What are the social conditions that create ethnic hostility?
...
Animal imagery supports the assumption that differences between groups are __________________.
...
Annexation Louisiana Purchase, Southwest Territory,Voluntary Immigration, Europeans Involuntary Immigration, Slave Trade
...
Answer - They remain _______ in terms of power, resources, and representation in social institutions.
...
Cultural Similarity: (The closer the culture is to dominant group, faster assimilation.)
...
Demographic Factors: (Larger groups assimilate is slower than smaller groups and if they stay in the ethnic neighborhood it leads to slower assimilation.)
...
Emphasize disintegrative and how they change
...
Emphasize inequality and pluralism
...
• Categorical discrimination
...
• Racial profiling:
...
Carlisle School
1879, Carlisle, PA, forced reeducation of natives
Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread
How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?
kkk Clan chapter is in
every state during 1920
• Poverty - much of the European migration to North America was from extremely poor regions of Europe - Ukraine, Italy, and Russia.
...
racism
A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is
cultural assimilation
A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is:
race
A socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people (page 222)
race can have an effect on health
A study prepared by the United Church of Christ's Commission on Racial Justice argued that African American and Hispanic communities are much more likely to be located near toxic waste dumps than white communities. What does this tell you about race in America?
Caste systems
A type of stratification in which status is acquired by heredity and in which mobility is severely constrained by laws or customs.
Ethnocentrism
It is the belief that their culture is superior to others.
Annihilation
It is the destruction of a minority ethnic group, perhaps culminating in genocide. (Native populations in North America, Australia, South Africa also the genocide of the Jews by the Nazis during WWII)
Sociologists use what term to refer to the conscious experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities?
Relative deprivation.
What does the Bogardus scale measure?
Social distance toward different race and ethnic groups.
Marxian theory
By keeping the working class fragmented they are easier to control. (by divide and rule, or pitting one group against each other this prevent worker solidarity and class consciousness)
Push-pull factors that influenced immigration
Economic reasons for leaving country of origin - poor economic conditions or economic disasters. Note that most people lived in rural, agricultural regions until fairly recently in history, and many still do. As a result, it is some of the developments in the rural sector that can lead to people leaving.
Origins of ethnic stratification
Conquest native Americans,
Park's Race Relations Cycle
Contact
It doesn't assume that the economy determines every aspect of a society and its culture.
Cornel West argues that the work of Antonio Gramsci is significant because Gramsci was the first European Marxist to seriously consider the "cultural life-worlds of the oppressed" in ways that treated culture as a serious, independent force in people's lives. How is Gramsci's work similar to that of Tomas Almaguer or Howard Winant and Michael Omi?
it does not assume that an economy determines every aspect of society and culture
Cornel West argues that the work of Antonio Gramsci is significant because Gramsci was the first European Marxist to seriously consider the "cultural life-worlds of the oppressed" in ways that treated culture as a serious, independent force in people's lives. How is Gramsci's work similar to that of Tomas Almaguer or Howard Winant and Michael Omi?
The wet foot, dry foot policy of immigration applies to...
Cuban refugees.
Gordon's stages of assimilation
Cultural or Behavioral Assimilation (acculturation)
What are the three types of pluralistic societies:
Equalitarian pluralism
Ethnic Cleansing
Ethnic Serbian extermination of Bosnian Muslims.
Inequalitarian pluralism
Ethnic relations in which groups are separated structurally but coexist in a state of highly unequal access to power and privilege. (High levels of prejudices and discrimination)
powerful cultural groups discourage them
Even though antimiscegenation laws have been struck down, interracial relationships are still relatively uncommon. Why?
powerful cultural stereotypes discourage them
Even though antimiscegenation laws have been struck down, interracial relationships are still relatively uncommon. Why?
Conflict vs. order theories
Explains how societies are sustained and how they change.
Which theory of prejudice attributes the problem to the class system inherent in capitalism?
Exploitation theory.
As of spring 2007, only ____ of the nearly 60 primetime series carried on the four networks featured performers of color in leading roles.
Five.
Genotypes
Genetic specifications inherited from your parents hair color, body size, height, weight, etc...
individual discrimination
Discrimination carried out by one person against another (page 228)
institutional discrimination
Discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it (page 228)
Nebraska, 1919
Germany was enemy in WWI, so nebraska put down laws about allowing german to be spoken
More Asians are without health insurance than Whites
Given what you know about the average income and health insurance associated with the four racial groups of Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics, what information is surprising?
Between the year 2008 and 2100, the proportion of the U.S. population that is Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American will likely...
Double.
more Asians are without health insurance than Whites
Given what you know about the average income associated with the four racial groups and their health care, what information is surprising?
Minority groups
Groups in a multiethnic society that, on the basis of their physical or cultural traits, receive fewer of the society's rewards.
Reference groups
Groups that provide individuals with standards by which they shape their own patterns of action and they adopt their important beliefs and attitudes from.
a group that suffers unequal treatment
How do sociologists define a minority group?
a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage
How do sociologists define ethnicity?
a social category based on real or perceived biological differences
How do sociologists define race?
prejudice is an attitude/ discrimination is an action
How is prejudice different from discrimination?
Rational stereotypes
How we understand the different roles in society
Lance Arnold
Hung burned with blowtorch, dragged by car
Prejudice
Idea about ethnic groups in which all members of a group are judged negatively
other Hispanics tenants were able to find places to rent
If a landlord was found guilty of discriminatory practices for refusing to rent to Hispanic tenants, what could be seen as evidence that it was a case of individual discrimination?
cultural assimilation
When members of a minority group learn the cultural practices of the dominant group, they have undergone:
Asian Americans
Which racial group has the highest median income?
Which theory examines the conflict between nations who control wealth and nations who provide labor and natural resources?
World systems theory.
The fear of hatred of strangers or foreigners is known as...
Xenophobia.
Menstrool
a troop of performers
The Hate Crime Statistics Act..
directs the Department of Justice to gather data on hate or bias crimes.
Reluctant liberals are those who...
discriminate if there is social pressure to do so.
Pluralism refers to the existence of...
diverse cultures co-existing in the same society.
Mami
docile and loyal, protective of the white house
german ethnicity
doesnt really matter, as long as german american
Bulldogging
drive calf into ground by using horns or head
In the early 1970s, the five mainline churches accounted for about 65% of the total Protestant membership. In 2006 that rate had...
dropped to 58%.
Union Pacific
eastern to west in nebraska
The most important force causing people to emigrate has been...
economic.
Birth of A Nation effects
exagerated blacks, made them savage like, made people regret emancipation, incited & justified racial violence
Cattle Raisers out west..
farmers and cattle raisers pushed out by land developers
Xenophobia
fear of foreigners
Issei
first generation of immigrants to come to u.s., we may not want
1954 supreme court decison
fixed segregation
W.E.B. Du Bois
founder of NAACP, wrote Souls of Black Folk - 1903 - detailed record of lynchings
grandfather clause
from Louisiana - Mississippi affected poor whites (wasn't meant to) so they said if your grandfather voted, you could also (b4 13-15th amend)
Eleanor Roosevelt
frustrated by lack of support, wanted to resign, especially after marianne anderson wasnt allowed to sing in the hall
compromise of 1877
gave money to south (so they could rebuild...reconstruction)
Andrew johnson
gave narrow strip of land to white land owners before hand..the good land
Hideki Tojo
general of japan, he was the idea of japanese
Ethnic stratification
Each made up of people with presumed common cultural or physical characteristics interacting in patterns of dominance and subordination. (It is a rank order of groups.)
Most crime leaders were
Eastern european jews
Asian; Hispanic; Black
In the United States, which of the following groups usually do not have a choice about displaying their race or ethnicity?
all answers are true
In the United States, which of the following groups usually do not have a choice about displaying their race or ethnicity?
population transfer
In the early nineteenth century, Native Americans, who had survived clashes with the U.S. army, were forcibly removed to reservations. This is an example of
population transfer
In the early nineteenth century, Native Americans, who had survived clashes with the U.S. army, were forcibly removed to reservations. This is an example of:
Hart Cellar Act and how it changed immigration
It erased the restrictive country of origin quota system and created a criteria system for admission with priority given to families of US citizens and permanent residents or those who needed occupational skills.
Function of social networks
Once a number of immigrants establish themselves in a new location, they become linked with those left behind. Workers contact relatives and friends in their home villages and towns and inform them of work opportunities in the new location.
Federal guidelines for federal agents from using race and ethnicity as a reason for investigating someone, but cases involving ____ are exempted.
Terrorism.
institutional discrimination
The "Jim Crow" laws in the American South, which mandated separate facilities for whites and blacks, were an example of:
a structural functionalist
The "ethnic miracle" is a term used to describe the process by which European immigrants and their descendants stopped being treated as members of minority groups, and became assimilated into the dominant group. What kind of sociologist believes that this happened because it made society run much more efficiently?
Socialization
The fear and dislikes for a group is learned and is passed down from generation to generation through observational learning and imitation.
Old immigration
The first great wave settled in rural areas to obtain land
population transfer
The forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied (page 239)
Dominant ethnic group
The group at the top of the ethnic hierarchy which receives a disproportionate share of wealth and exercise predominant political authority and has inordinate influence on the future ethnic makeup of the society.
Normative theories
The group standards that define how people are expected to act in particular social situations (prejudice and discrimination are conforming responses based on social, environment, culture, and political values)
Which of the following is a true statement about segregation?
The least segregated metropolitan areas tend to be those with the smallest African-American populations.
Social mobility
The movement up or down a society's class or ethnic hierarchy by individuals or groups.
What does D represent in the equation A + B + C = D?
The new majority group.
Merton's paradigm
The paradigm says that attitudes and actions towards members of a particular ethnic group may fluctuate within different social contexts.
"Mixed race" people
This accounts for those individuals who fall through the cracks of the current system, whose parentage reflects more than one racial -ethnic category.
Split-labor market theory
This is when the dominate group members are the chief beneficiaries of the use of prejudice and discrimination which is used to discredit the lower paid workers from undercutting dominant group members' wages and jobs.
Ascribed membership
This means that one's ethnicity is a characteristic acquired at birth and not subject to basic change. (One is born into an ethnic group and one does not leave in it except in unusual circumstances)
Statistical discrimination
This type of discrimination against people based on beliefs about the social category of which they are members.
Categorical discrimination
This type of discrimination against people is on the basis of simply being a part of a socially assigned category.
Racial profiling
This type of discrimination is when law enforcement agencies pick out members of particular racial or ethnicity on the assumption that they are more likely to be engaging in illegal activities.
embodied identity
Those elements of identity that are generated through others' perceptions of our physical traits (page 231)
How did the G.I. Bill of Rights, which provided funds for home loans, affect African Americans?
Though it was written to help all veterans regardless of race, African Americans were typically excluded from home ownership.
discrimination
Unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group; usually motivated by prejudice (page 228)
Unequal distribution of power
Unless one group can overpower the other, there is no basis for a stable ranked order of ethnic groups. (even if there is competition and ethnocentrism among them)
All weather Liberal
Unprejudiced, Non-discriminator
Fair weather Liberal
Unprejudiced, discriminator
Phenotypes
Visible anatomical features such as skin color, hair texture, and body or facial type
Militant minorities
Want to be the dominate group. (Example: Latvia)
They create a sense of identity and lead to feelings of solidarity.
What are the positive consequences of racial and ethnic categories?
an identity challenge
What do sociologists call it when an African American individual is told he is not really "black enough"?
identity challenge
What do sociologists call it when an African American individual is told he is not really "black enough"?
be able to include racially relevant content and language in interactions
What does an individual need to be able to do in order to sound authentically African American when interacting with others online?
assimilation
What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?
group used for labor after immigration act
mexicans
Joe Lewis
moved to detroit in 1927, black champion boxer
jobs are not distributed regardless of racial diversity or ethnic identity
n 2009 there were only five African Americans who were CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, or 1 percent of the total number of Fortune 500 CEOs. Given that African Americans make up more than 11 percent of the U.S. population, what does this tell you?
Hugo Black
named to us supreme court, klan attorney from Birmingham, successfully defended christian preacher who murdered catholic priest
Joe Dimaggio
nickname jolton joe; he enlisted
Research indicates that the immigration of low-skilled workers has...
no measurable impact on the unemployment rate of low-skilled White and African American workers.
The theoretical approach that takes the view that prejudice is influenced by situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities is called...
normative.
kkk clan chapters include what groups of people
not just poor, but middle class, elite, police officers, mayors
thind v. u.s.
not white but not asian, indian; said because his skin isnt white and neither is culture, he isn't white
problems with immigration act of 1924
old census data used...1890s..before most of the new immigrants arrived
Wovoka
on standing rock reservation when dawes act proposed, clashed with sitting bull about keeping natives traditional, created ghost dance
Fiorello Laguardia
one of most famous politicians; italian and half jewish; mayor but had to dispell stereotypes about him by going after the mob; gioanni had same thing
A primary goal of the 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act was to
reunite immigrant families.
Benjamin Franklin
said germans should be watched
14th amendment and Asians problem
says europeans, descendants of africa, born in US are citizens, what about asians?..nope, but if born in u.s., can petition to be citizen
nisei
second generation of immigrants, they are born here and we can't send them back
Conclave
secret meeting where kkk pope is named in puff of white smoke?
Denver, Colorado
settlers were paid to bring skin or parts of natives
13th amendment violated by..
share cropping and ongoing debt
Members of a minority or subordinate group..
share physical or cultural characteristics that differ from the majority group.
Children Brute Characters
shown as victims..like furry animals
The tendency to approach or withdraw from a social group is known as...
social distance.
de jure
what is supposed to occur by law
Ethiopian delineators
white people who pretended to be black
slaughter of wildlife and ecology
white settlers killed natives source of food for fun
The Bell Curve presented the research of Herrnstein and Murray on the IQ, where they claimed that..
whites are inherently more intelligent than blacks; 60 percent of IQ is inheritable; welfare should be ended to discourage births among low IQ poor women.
The four cases of Merton's paradigm
• Active bigot (prejudiced, discriminator)
List the three groups in a split labor market
• Business people(employers)
• Most settled in the Midwest
...
Noel's model
• Ethnocentrism:
List the three statistical discrimination
• Statistical discrimination
• Most were men(expected to make money and return home
...
Pro Americanism
what is good about america should continue, what is bad should stop
Grasshoppers on plantation
1870s, one of most dangerous on plantation, swarms of grasshoppers devoured everything, not only crops but people
The Prostrate State
1874, by historian James S. Pike
Jesse Owens
(black)Berlin olympics, 1936; beat them and the u.s. was rooting for htem since they hated the germans more
situational ethnicity
A young person from Southern California has four German grandparents. She lived in Los Angeles all her life before accepting a job in Milwaukee. She's never really thought about her German heritage, but in Milwaukee she discovers many other people with similar ancestries and starts using her ethnicity as a way to develop social and professional relationships. What is this an example of?
Immigration act of 1924
AKA 'National Origins Act'..use quotas of immigrants already there to decide how many to let in..only 2% of already in u.s.
Strange Fruit
Abel Meerole, performed by billy holiday in 1939
13th Amendment
Abolition of Slavery
economic factors
According to William Julius Wilson, racism has created a black underclass, but this underclass is perpetuated by:
the struggle for power and control
According to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?
racial bias
According to one study, in Pennsylvania, black defendants on trial for murder were 40 percent more likely to receive the death penalty than whites convicted of similar crimes. This indicates that the criminal justice system has a ___________.
the criminal justice system has a racial bias
According to one study, in Pennsylvania, black defendants on trial for murder were 40 percent more likely to receive the death penalty than whites convicted of similar crimes. This indicates that:
passing happens entirely through interaction
Anatole Broyard, a literary critic and writer for the New York Times, lived a double life. He had a mixed racial heritage, and while African American friends knew him as African American, white friends and professional acquaintances thought that he was white. After his death, Broyard's daughter tried to write his life story and, as part of the process, organized a family reunion. This was made more difficult by the fact that Broyard's extended family included many who thought of themselves as white, others as black. What does this demonstrate about passing?
Tenements
Immigrant family housing; would take in squatters sometimes to make ends meet
Who built railroad?
Immigrants (east: irish, west: chinese)
If the leadership of the Los Angeles police department condoned or encouraged this type of behavior on a regular basis, it would be considered institutional discrimination.
In 1991 an enormous controversy erupted after five Los Angeles police officers were caught on tape beating a motorist named Rodney King. Although there continues to be much controversy over the event, many people see it as a blatant act of discrimination. Under what circumstances would this beating be considered institutional discrimination?
institutional discrimination
In 1993 six African American Secret Service agents filed a complaint with the Justice Department against Denny's for refusal of service because the restaurant took much longer to serve them than other customers. After they filed the complaint, thousands of other African Americans came forward with similar allegations. What are these allegations evidence of?
there was a discussion at the highest levels of government to kill as many people as possible
In 1994 mass killings occurred in Rwanda, as members of the Hutu majority killed more than a million members of the Tutsi minority, many of them murdered with machetes. Although many Hutus later claimed that they were just trying to defend themselves, which of the following indicates that it was really a genocide?
Potential husbands of poor women will not offer the financial stability, respectability and trust that make marriage beneficial.
In 2003 a piece of legislation considered by the U.S. Congress proposed to spend almost two billion dollars to encourage marriage, and there was some consideration of giving people on welfare cash bonuses if they got married. Why does your textbook suggest this approach might not work?
Jobs are not distributed regardless of race and ethnicity
In 2009 there were only five African Americans who were CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, or 1 percent of the total number of Fortune 500 CEOs. Given that African Americans make up more than 11 percent of the U.S. population, what does this tell you?
passing
In the novel The Human Stain by Philip Roth, a professor at a college in the Northeast is forced into early retirement after he is accused of racism. The charge turns out to be ironic when the reader learns that the professor has a secret: he was born to African American parents and has been covering up his heritage and living as a white man for his whole adult life. What is this an example of?
Animal imagery supports the assumption that differences between groups are innate, or biologically based.
In visual representations, racial and ethnic minorities are often portrayed as animalistic or subhuman, many times as monkeys or chimpanzees. Why would racist imagery so often use animals?
innate or biologically based
In visual representations, racial and ethnic minorities are often portrayed as animalistic or subhuman, many times as monkeys or chimpanzees. Why would racist imagery so often use animals?
minority group
Members of a social group that is systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society's dominant groups but who are not necessarily fewer in number than the dominant groups (page 226)
Lieberman's model
Migrant super ordination
Noel's model
Pointed out three additional factors that give rise to and shape the eventual system of ethnic stratification.
Historically, people believed that federal judicial decisions about racial inequality would lead to sweeping social change, but _____ slowed down the minimal change that did occur prior to the 1960s.
Prejudice.
Intelligence testing in World War I
The Army Alpha Test which was first administered to nearly two million new recruits in World War I and the Otis Group Intelligence Scale were forerunners of many other group tests that are administered economically and quickly to large groups and were thus effective for use in schools and industry. National standardized group tests are administered for college and graduate school entrance and for a number of civil service positions.
biologically based
The Bell Curve by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray generated an enormous amount of controversy when it first came out, largely because it suggested that racial differences in IQ scores were due to genetically driven differences in intelligence and argued that "both genes and the environment have something to do with racial differences." For those who disagreed, this seemed like a very familiar argument, because racist beliefs are often rooted in the assumption that differences between groups are _______
racist beliefs are often rooted in the assumption that differences between groups are biologically based.
The Bell Curve by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray generated an enormous amount of controversy when it first came out, largely because it suggested that racial differences in IQ scores were due to genetically driven differences in intelligence and argued that "both genes and the environment have something to do with racial differences." For those who disagreed, this seemed like a very familiar argument, because:
Micro-discrimination
The actions that are taken by individuals or small group to deny access to social resources to members of a minority ethnic group.
forgotten genocide
The massacre of 1.5 million Armenians by the Turkish government after World War I is known as the ______________
Corporate pluralism
The structure and cultural differences among the different groups that are protected by the state and provisions are made to encourage an ethnically proportionate distribution of power and privilege. (For example the government seats are filled with equal representation of varies ethnic groups.)
apartheid
The system of segregation of racial and ethnic groups that was legal in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.
Secession
The withdrawal of a group of people from a dominant group to establish a new nation;
Both argue that race must be explained in the terms it is experienced, not as overarching general theories.
The work of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci is significant because it seriously considers the importance of the "cultural life-worlds of the oppressed." In what way does this resemble the symbolic interactionist perspective on race?
Antonio Gramsci
The work of the Italian Marxist _________ is significant because it seriously considers the importance of the "cultural life-worlds of the oppressed." In what way does this resemble the symbolic interactionist perspective on race? Both argue that race must be explained in the terms it is experienced, not as overarching general theories.
Power-conflict theories
Theories that view prejudice and discrimination as emerging from dominant group interests and used to protect and enhance those interests
Secessionist minorities
They want complete political independence. (Example: Quebec, Canada)
Push-pull factors that influenced immigration
While these cannot be guaranteed, many immigrants move in anticipation of this. Many immigrants could survive in their country of origin, but they anticipate an improved set of opportunities and the possibility of upward social mobility if they move to a richer country. for things such as:
Hernstein & Murray
Whites are smarter than blacks and high intelligence or IQ has a strong correlation with success, and low intelligence has a strong correlation with crime, poverty, illegitimacy, and welfare dependency. Therefore the intelligent, most objective stance for the government to take in this country would be to eliminate social action policies like affirmative-action, welfare, head-start, etc. THE BELL CURVE.
They feel that the men they encounter are less likely to offer the advantages that make marriage worth the risk
Why are poor women less likely to marry than wealthy women?
They feel that the men they encounter are less likely to offer the advantages that make marriage worth the risk
Why are poor women less likely to marry?
Race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life
Why are there differences in life expectancies for people of different races?
disparities in access to health care
Why are there differences in life expectancies for people of different races?
in an online interaction, there is no way to see what people look like
Why do many people hope that the Internet will have a democratic influence on society?
Which term refers to positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and education opportunities?
affirmative action
KKK targets
african americans and also immigrants and jews
Lynching symbolizes?
an attack on an entire race, inferiority, fear
Cable Act 1922
any citizen who marries an inelgible can lose citizenship
The majority of foreign students receiving their doctorates in the sciences and engineering in the U.S...
are still in the U.S. four years later.
Shyan
attacked immigrants and railroad people, put up in their own fort, killed in sandcreek massacre
response to Lance Arnold
baltimore black community marched, lynchings spiked and mob violence hit 6 states in 2 months; NAACP asked President roosevelt to speak out, on dec. 6th, he called it a vial form of murder
Eugenics
based on blood, you are bad
Marianne Anderson
black singer that mrs roosevelt liked and had sing at events, was denied singing at white house so sung for 75,000 at lincoln memorial instead
making whiteness
book about segregation (white people, even poor, are better than blacks)
Ethnic Notions
by Marlin Riggs
At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet a height requirement. This was an example of...
institutional discrimination.
Lynchings in New Orleans
irish police officer murdered, 12 italian immigrants hung overnight, cops ok with it, theodore roosevelt honors it
Irish priorities
political power
15th amendment
political representation, all can vote
Timid bigot
prejudiced, Non-discriminator
Active bigot
prejudiced, discriminator
The information broker is one of the positions found in...
the informal economy.
cultural assimilation
the process by which racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture (page 242)
William Ryan's phrase blaming the victim refers to...
the responsibility of the subordinate group for its own problems.
The social norms of the Amish include all of the following EXCEPT..
the use of Pennsylvania Dutch dialect.
WAP
without paperwork for any immigrant, associated with italians
Birth of a Nation
written by Thomas Dickson
Congress and the anti lynching bill
they introduced it 5 years after white and fdr's meeting, but Fdr wouldnt endorse it; caused walter white to resign from his post in some position
New immigration
this wave settled in big cities for industrial jobs
*Competition for scarce societal resources when groups strive for the same scarce resources, their interrelations take on the characteristics of competition and conflict. the greater and more intense competition the likelihood of the emergence of ethnic stratification.
...
*Ethnocentrism can be expected to typify inter-group attitudes and divergent groups will judge each other in terms of their own culture and their evaluations will usually be negative.
...
Assimilation
...
Attitude receptional assimilation
...
Behavior receptional assimilation
...
Civic assimilation
...
Competition
...
Corporate pluralism
...
Held together by social order by consensus of values.
...
Identificational assimilation
...
Inconsistencies and collective remorse
...
Indigenous super ordination
...
Inequalitarian pluralism
...
Marital Assimilation (amalgamation)
...
Secondary Relations
...
Stability and order maintained through coercion
...
Stresses assimilation into mainstream society.
...
Stresses cohesion and balance.
...
The effects of racism are compounded by __________.
...
Visibility: (If they look different from the dominant group the slower assimilation.)
...
• All weather Liberal (unprejudiced, non-discriminator)
...
• Also note that it is not always the poorest people who move - it can take considerable funds to move and it may be those who anticipate being able to improve their situation along with who are most motivated to move. As a result, migration is not a simple result of poverty - some may be too poor to move and others may be locked into situations that make it difficult to move or anticipate an improved situation elsewhere.
...
• Anticipation of improved economic opportunities.
...
• Cheap labor (lower paid workers) Used as strike breakers
...
• Competition for scarce societal resources
...
• Disasters - Irish potato famine (1840s), wars that destroy possibilities of livelihood (some regions of Africa in recent years).
...
• Economic problems of food shortages and high unemployment were the push factors.
...
• Fair weather Liberal (unprejudiced, discriminator)
...
• German became the largest group behind the British immigrates then the Irish
...
• Higher paid workers
...
• Higher wages
...
• Immigration was driven by a combination of labor needs and turmoil in Europe
...
• Industrial economy growth and need for labor in factories, mines, and mills.
...
• Inheritance systems - some of Europe had systems of dividing land so only one child could inherit the land - with limited land, others were not able to find land. In other parts of Europe, land was subdivided among all heirs until the parcels became so small that no one could survive on the limited land.
...
• Lack of land and landholding systems - dominance by landlords (Ireland, Britain)
...
• More or better jobs
...
• Most settled in New York
...
• Shortage of jobs - Today, with many fewer people involved in agriculture and many more living in cities, the main economic push factors would be limited jobs and other economic opportunities in these cities. Moving to a rural, agricultural region may not be an option for these people. This is likely to be the situation in much of India and some other developing countries.
...
• They were tradesmen, industrial workers, farmers, shopkeepers and professionals.
...
• Timid bigot(prejudiced non-discriminator)
...
• Unequal distribution of power
...
• mostly Italy, Russian, Poland, Greece, Austria and Hungary (were peasants)
...
Problems with psychological theories
1. How does the ethnic prejudice and discrimination start in the first place.
germans in internment camps
11,000; are held as collateral to get back prisoners of war
Chinese fighting in war
13,000
Homestead act
1862: free land for all (40-160 acres of land given for free to anyone willing to settle or farm on it, after you prove it, you own land, takes 5 years)
John Chivington
1864, formed a militia to track down and kill shyan..couldnt find any so went to Fort lyon or fort wise and killed them all
New Immigrants
1880s-1920s, southern and eastern europe,italy and russia,jew and catholic, hungary; male, poor, young
Chinese Exclusion act
1882, denied citizenship, renewed in 1892 and in 1902 indefinately, repealed 41 years later
Bennet Law
1890, in order to be a public school, english must be taught 16 weeks out of year
Ellis Island
1892, closed 1954 (nov 12)
plessy v ferguson
1896..separate but equal..but in 1910 spending got much worse on black education compared to whites
Gentlemen's agreement
1907-1908: Theodore Roosevelt and Japanese Government agreed to let a small amount of japanese in and in return u.s. wouldn't put a bad label on japanese
KKK founder and date
1915, Nathanial Bedford Forest
The Yellow Era
1915, time period of Japanese
Ocowa Ozawa v the U.S.
1922; an issei; denied citizenship even though wife and children are white (born here), court says he is biologically different even though he is 'white'; results in citizens of india having citizenship taken away
hate groups against jews
1930s, over 100 hate groups; they were blamed for the depression
Manchurian invasion took place when
1931
Walter White and FDR's meeting
1934, FDR wouldnt promise public endorsement on anti lynching bill
Primo carnera
1935, italian, joe lewis fought him and it was important because italians threatened to invade ethiopia at same time..it was a major victory for the 'blacks'
Charles Houstan Court case
1935. took university of maryland to court, when murray was denied acceptance to the white law school, won against them
Rape of Nanking
1937, japan destroyed them brutally and vial
Jim Brandant
1937. Joe lewis fought and beat him...major victory again
jews in the orphanage
1938, 100,000 stuck in it, bill submitted to let 20,000 come in..fdr wouldnt pass it, ss st. louis turned away, sat in front of miami while appeals, returned to europe and england, france and holland took the passengers (1000)
pearl harbor attack
1941; changed how we look at chinese, now they are allies
caused house of reps to pass anti lynching bill
2 blacks killed in 1937 by blow torch; fillabusters held it up, president silent, bill withdrawn
italians in internment camps
3,000; they have curfews which causes problems for bakers
immigrants didnt live past what age
3-4 years old (lack of infant and child care)
lynchings reported between 1900-1930
3700
% of italians in mafia
5% (not much supposably)
Pluralistic means
A condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups are present and tolerated within a society.
pluralism
A cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation within a society (page 242)
Ethnic group
A group within a larger society that displays a unique set of cultural traits along with a sense of community among members.
assimilation
A pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous (page 239)
Race biological
A population of humans classified on the basis of certain hereditary characteristics that differentiate them from other human groups
Structural assimilation
A process in which social interaction within various institutions and settings increases among different ethnic groups.
Race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life.
According to sociologists like Howard Winant and Michael Omi, what is the relationship between race and class?
they are denied access to power and resources
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, since 2004 Texas has had a minority population of at least 11.3 million, comprising 50.2 percent of its total population of 22.5 million. The primary minority group is Mexican Americans. However, despite this numerical prominence, Texas has never had a Mexican American governor, and the percentage of Mexican Americans in its state House has never been higher than 26. Why would a sociologist still call Mexican Americans a minority group?
Discrimination
Actions that are used by the dominant group against the subordinate group to maintain power and privilege.
An ____ emphasizes African cultures and their role in the lives of Black Americans.
Afrocentric perspective.
segregation
After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred African Americans and whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of _______
segregatIon
After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred African Americans and whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of:
segregation
After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred African Americans and whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of:
General Allotment Act
Also known as Dawes Act (because Senator Dawes Proposed it): 80 acre plots given to indians so they could develop and become capitalists
Several examples of Conservative "theological camps" include:
America Lutherans and American Baptists.
The fundamentalism religious faiths include all of the following EXCEPT..
American Baptists.
When Black respondents are asked how they get along with different minority groups, which group do they say they have the least difficulty getting along with?
American Indians.
Cultural assimilation
By adopting one groups cultural traits the subordinate group usually acculturate to the dominant group.
symbolic ethnicity
An ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life (page 223)
absolute deprivation
An objective measure of poverty, defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or health care.
Biological assimilation
At this point, intermarriage has occurred to such an extent that there is a biological merging of formerly distinct groups. (Represents the ultimate stage in assimilation process.)
Woodrow Wilson
Backed Griffith on Birth of a Nation film
Which are advantages associated with having a white identity?
Being considered financially reliable when using checks or credit cards, seeing people of one's own race widely represented on television and in the news; never having to speak for all the people of one's race
NOT an example
Believing that African Americans are better dancers than white people is ________ of discrimination.
KKK first and second origination
Biloxi, TN; 2nd in Stone Mountain, Georgia
KKK gained momemtum through
Birth of a nation film
Bill Picket
Black Cowboy, new way to bring down calf and biting lip of calf
The Irish were once though to be worse than freed Blacks by privileged New Englanders because...
Blacks "knew their place."
Central Pacific
California to utah
Stereotypes
Certain behavioral traits that are exaggerated to create a shorthand description of the group.
Which of the following would NOT be considered a White ethnic group?
Chinese.
The link between race and class is useful and important, but it doesn't provide a satisfactory explanation for all forms of racism.
Classical Marxist analysis often argued that everything is ultimately determined by the economy, even though sometimes it is through many complicated steps. Can economic factors explain racism?
Races can be clearly distinguished on the basis of...
None of these.
2.9 percent
In 2010, the Census Bureau allowed Americans to check more than one box when identifying their race. What percentage of the population took advantage of this and identified as multiracial?
symbolic ethnicity
In Chicago, a city with more Polish people than anywhere else in the United States, Casimir Pulaski Day is always a very important holiday. Although not well remembered in the rest of the country, Pulaski was a Polish-born hero of the American Revolution and a cavalry general. What concept helps to explain why this holiday is so much more important to people who trace their ancestry to Poland?
the Irish were once considered a separate race
In the 1900s, there was a strong prejudice against Irish immigrants and their descendants. Editorial cartoons often depicted the Irish as physically distinct and as looking like apes. What does this tell you about the history of race in the United States?
According to the Bogardus social distance scale, which group remained at the bottom (with the highest distance score) in 1926, 1966 and 1991?
Indians (from India)
Pluralism
Involves social process and institutions that encourages group diversity and maintenance of group boundaries
For the ___ man, the priesthood was viewed as desirable and respected occupation.
Irish American
Social stratification
Is a concept involving the classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions. (When differences lead to greater status, power or privilege for some groups over the others)
Migration chain
Is a continuous movement of new immigrants to locations that have already been settled by other family members, friends, or co-ethnics.
Demographic transition
Is a model that describes population changes in a society over the course of several stages, leading eventually to stable or low growth rates
Psychological assimilation
Is a process by which people increasingly identify themselves as part of the larger society rather than an ethnic group.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Is a process in which a false definition of a situation produces behavior that, in turn, makes real the originally falsely defined situation
Indigenous super-ordination
Is characteristic of most voluntary and involuntary immigration such as those to North America (the arriving groups are initially made subordinate to a resident dominant groups)
Migrant super-ordination
Is illustrated by various colonial conquest in which technologically and organizationally more powerful migrant group subdues the native population.
Primary Relations
Is small intimate groups, emotional, long lasting bonds (example: family friends, clubs, neighborhoods, and marriage)
Expulsion
Is the removal of a group from society through deportation and annulment. (USA deported the Chinese, and the Japanese in WWII)
Anglo-conformity
It encourages groups to shed their ethnic uniqueness and take on the ways of the core culture.
By 2004, when physicians were no longer favored with entry to the U.S., physicians in the Philippines were retraining as ______ so they could immigrate to the U.S.
Nurses.
Multiculturalism
It is the encouragement of the expression of different ethnic cultures
Equalitarian pluralism
It is the ethnic relations in which groups retain their cultural and much structural distinctness but participate on an equal basis in a common political and economic system also called accommodation (separate but equal)
Structural pluralism
It is the existence of segregated ethnic communities in which much of the social life of its members occurs
Cultural pluralism
It is the maintenances of many varied cultural groups within the larger system
Ethnocentrism
It is the tendency to judge other groups by the standards and values of one's own group. (The belief by members of a group that their ethnic group is superior to others.)
Melting pot
It is when ethnic differences disappear through a gradual blending process, creating a hybrid "America"
Competition for scarce societal resources
It is when groups strive for the same resources, their interrelations take on the characteristics of competition and conflict. (The greater and more intense competition the likelihood of the emergence of ethnic stratification).
Assimilation Means
It is when people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family relationship. (a state involving mutual dealings between people, parties, countries also the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another)
Max Shmaly
Joe Lewis's new fighter, beat joe, major defeat to black community
Open intimidation of blacks
KKK members were police officers and mayors etc
The explotation theory of prejudice is based on the works of..
Karl Marx.
Wounded knee
Located in South Dakota near Wounded Knee Creek. An Indian tribe - the Hunkpapa Sioux - was attacked by 500 US soldiers during the Ritual Ghost Dance. The Indians were massacred, little boys were shot, women running with children were murdered...
Factors affecting assimilation
Manner of entrance: (Voluntary or involuntary)
a negative view of a group's cultural characteristics
Many immigrants to the United States have gotten in trouble for keeping livestock, especially chickens, goats, and pigs, in urban areas. Their neighbors feel that it's okay to own a 150-pound mastiff, but "unsanitary" to have a 50-pound goat that gives milk. In this case, what is driving racism?
a negative view of group's cultural characteristics
Many immigrants to the United States have gotten in trouble for keeping livestock, especially chickens, goats, and pigs, in urban areas. Their neighbors feel that it's okay to own a 150-pound mastiff, but "unsanitary" to have a 50-pound goat that gives milk. In this case, what is driving racism?
15th amendment violated by..
Mississippi plan
houses made out of what on frontier?
Mud, dirt, sod
Leo Frank
Murdered his white secretary, arrested, killed by mob
Which of the following is NOT considered an ethnic group?
Muslims.
Walter White
NAACP, mixed..so he was able to get info from whites; made his top priority to stop lynching, never got anti lynching bill passed
Which strategy was used to block Italian immigration in the 1920s?
National Origin System
Limiting immigration on the basis of a quota from each country was part of the...
National Origin System.
Jim Thorpe
Native Am. Who attended Carlisle school & in 1912 rep'd US in Stockholm Olympics where he won the gold in decathalon & pentathalon
Blizzards on frontier
Nebraska, Dakota, caused it to be very cold
Williams Simmons
New leader of KKK, history instructor in Georgia
Ethnicity vs. social class and power
No matter how many exceptional cases sneak through the ethnic barriers, minority groups remain underrepresented in the society's top wealth power, and prestige classes.
Ku Klux Klan stands for
Our close family
Open opportunity structure
People are in control of their own place in the social hierarchy. (If you work hard you will reap the rewards and those who are better off receive better opportunities.)
Frustration-aggression
People who are frustrated in their efforts achieved a highly desired goal tend to respond with a pattern of aggression.
Such beliefs justify social arrangements between dominant and minority groups that benefit those who accept them.
Plantation owners in America often argued that the Africans they imported were better off as slaves, because they didn't have the mental capacity to run their own lives. Today this seems both racist and crazy, as clearly slaves had been fine when they lived in Africa. How could such racist beliefs flourish?
passing
Presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group than the one you were born into (page 231)
List the structural assimilation relations:
Primary Relations
affirmative action
Programs or policies that seek to rectify the effects of past discrimination by increasing representation and ensuring equal opportunity for any previously disadvantaged group (page 237)
Why are babies of Puerto Rican mothers who are born in the U.S. more likely to die than those of mothers who migrated from Puerto Rico?
Puerto Ricans in the U.S. are less likely to be insured.
Which of the following is considered an ethnic group?
Puerto Ricans; Mexican Americans; Irish Americans
Timezones were created by
Railroad company created..
racist beliefs can be a part of economic life
Rather than seeing racism as a product of class differences, recent theorists like Tomas Almaguer argue that:
racist beliefs can become a part of economic life
Rather than seeing racism as a product of class differences, recent theorists like Tomas Almaguer argue that:
racist beliefs that become part of economic life
Rather than seeing racism as a product of class differences, recent theorists like Tomas Almaguer argue that:
Secondary Relations
Relations that are with large, impersonal groups, and bonds are informal and non-affectionate (example: schoolmate coworkers)
Bogardus' social distance scale
Respondents are asked to indicate whether they would accept a member of an ethnic out-group in varying social contexts, extending from very close encounters to very remote.
miscegenation
Romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races (page 232)
Patricia J. Williams, an A.A. academic, writes about her experiences with redlining. What happened before the lender found out she was Black?
She was offered an excellent loan.
pluralism
Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of
pluralism
Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of:
Order theory
Society is relatively balanced system.
pluralism
Some conservative groups have organized to campaign both for crackdowns on illegal immigration and for limits on legal immigration, because they are concerned about how America will be changed by nonwhite immigrants. This means that they are against:
Ida B Wells
Southern Horrors, 1892 - The Red Book - record of lynchings (school teacher from memphis)
Segmented assimilation
Suggest that different groups or elements of groups may assimilate to an oppositional culture or to another that is clearly outside the mainstream.
there is no official language
Switzerland is home to Protestants and Catholics with French, German, and Italian ethnic backgrounds. What is the official language of Switzerland?
race is a social construct
The Brazilian census has traditionally only had four racial categories: preto, branco, amarelo, and pardo. However, in everyday life, Brazilians have many other racial categories, including moreno, mulato, neguinho, and pretinho. Most of these terms don't have an equivalent in the United States. What does this tell you?
prejudice
The belief that all Irish are drunks is an example of:
Cultural racism
The belief that cultures displayed by human groups are not easily changed and therefore can be ranked as superior or inferior.
Racism
The belief that humans are subdivide into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their social behavior and mental capacities and that can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior.
Social distance
The degree of intimacy members of one ethnic group are willing to accept with other members of other ethnic group.
genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group (page 238)
genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called
Macro-discrimination
The discrimination not limited to specific cases, but firmly incorporated into society's normative system.
Madison Grant
The passing of the great race was aimed at restricting immigration of southern and Eastern European groups, mainly Catholics, and Jews, who were at the time most numerous among American immigrants. It had divided the European population into three racial types- Alpines, Mediterranean's, and Nordics, - and he attributed to the latter from northwestern Europe the most desirable physical and mental qualities. Consequently, he warned of the degeneration of the American population through the influx of southern and eastern Europeans, whom he classified as inferior Mediterranean and Alpine types The Nordic, in his hypothesis, was "Homo europaeus, the white man par excellence.
Racial formation
The process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories, and by which they are in turn shaped by racial meanings
Discrimination
The process of denying certain opportunities and equal rights or privileges to individuals and groups.
Context of Reception
The relations between established residents and newcomers or immigrants.
Structural discrimination
The results from the normal functioning of society's institutions, rather than the direct and intended actions or policies of individuals and organizations.
Even master statuses like race and gender have to be constructed in the negotiation between what we project and what others recognize
The sociologist Amy L. Best, in "Doing Race in the Context of Feminist Interviewing: Constructing Whiteness Through Talk," analyzed how two African American teenagers had to create racial identities during their interview with her. What does this analysis suggest about race?
Even master statuses like race and gender have to be constructed in the negotiation between what we project and what others recognize.
The sociologist Amy L. Best, in "Doing Race in the Context of Feminist Interviewing: Constructing Whiteness Through Talk," analyzed how two African American teenagers had to create racial identities during their interview with her. What does this analysis suggest about race?
identity challenges
There are a number of derogatory terms in the United States for members of minority groups who have assimilated. "Oreo," "twinkie," and "coconut" are all rude terms for people who are one color on the outside, but "white on the inside," that is, people whose behavior doesn't match their skin color. What term embodies these insults?
Push pull factors
These are factors associated with economic migration, but can be connected to non-economic causes as well. These factors are involved in migrations and they "may" explain which migrants leaves and where other migrants go.
Assimilationist minorities
They are fully integration into dominant society (Example:Dutch, Scandinavians, German)
Ethnic stereotypes
They are the over-simplistic and over-exaggerated beliefs about a group, that are generally learned at home, school, or media. (part of society's heritage they resist change and selective perception)
Pluralistic minorities
They keep their culture but participate in society. (Examples Amish, Hasidic, and Jews.)
grace hale
making whiteness, 1998
how to keep warm on frontier?
burn cow dung, buffalo chips, cut open horse and climb inside
Max Shmaly round 2
came at a pivotal time since WW2 was going on, hitler and max were good friends and when joe beat him america triumphed; nazism was put down (1937)
diseases in NYC
caused by lack of cleanliness
'Not a chinamans chance'
chinamen built railroads and received the most life threatening jobs
Japan feels inferior because?
chinese exclusion act made them feel inferior, made them look bad
14th amendment
citizenship..we all are citizens
German language in public schools
could have been dominant in 1830s if enough parents in district requested it (50%)...changed in 1880s because fear of foreigners
black coyote
deaf native that didn't turn over gun at wounded knee massacre, resulted in firefight and massacre
Charles Houstan
dean of black law school and raised lawyers to fight segregation; joined head of naacp legal squad
peonage
debt relating to share crop system
After WWI, the germans
germans were portrayed as black after the war, 'bad'
Treaty of Fort Wise
govt moves shyans to a river in colorado if they agree to be peaceful
FDR said about the fear of italians
he doesnt think they are dangerous, but it is a public relations program, to make people think tehy are safer than they actually are..
IBM responsibilty in wwII
helped build machines for germany
Railroad
helped us move west, changes society, people couldn't move more than 5 miles away from their birth place, now they can
Most jobs found in the classified ads, according to one study, were for...
high paying, high skilled jobs requiring education and experience.
hodgekit cannon
hundreds of bullets per second
General Allotment Act problems
if you didnt want it, required to sell land and put money in allotment fund..natives had no control over fund and couldnt get money for 25 years, massive plundering occurred of the fund; also names were to pets and people who couldnt claim the land
chinese nationality
important, but race is paramont because asians cant be citizens
According to the social distance scale developed by Emory Bogardus, between 1926 and 1991, people's feelings of social distance toward different racial and ethnic groups have...
increased.
Horse culture
indians
Mongrel
individual who wasn't 100% white
The dual labor-market model...
is an example of social inequality.
Civil religion...
is the religious dimension of U.S. life that merges the state with sacred beliefs.
more english in jails than the
italians
immigration stats
italians: pre1920: 158,000; post: 5,802; Greeks..17,600, 307; good immigrants like germans? 51,000
Siegel
jewish mobster who killed many people..shot stereotype of jews counting money down
Much of the opposition to policies related to eradicating poverty or immigration is attributable to...
laissez-faire racism; symbolic racism; modern racism
The most visible expression of pluralism is called...
language.
Scapegoating...
leads to mass extermination of German Jews during WW2; transfers guilt from the individual to some vulnerable group; involves prejudiced people believing they are society's victims.
Sacco and Vanzetti
linked to a robbery in massachusett that killed someone in 1927; normal upstanding citizens, witnesses say they werent at robbery, still executed, state withdraws charges later but too late
Scientific Racism
looking at biology or physical characterisitics to define race, stereotype (predict criminal based on their physical characteristics)
Sociologists now reject the view that minorities have...
low self-esteem; high self-esteem; a particular personality.
Southern states popular with
lynching
14th amendment violated by..
lynching and segregation
The anti-Catholic feeling in the 19th century U.S.
made the Irish particularly unwelcome as immigrants; involved mob violence leading to death and destruction; was brought with the early immigrants from Europe.
German Americans...
make up the largest European American ancestral group in the U.S.
Executive order 9066
makes it legal, constitutional to round up citizens based on ethnicity if they show a clear and emimminent threat; can be placed in one area or shipped somewhere to an internment camp; upheld by 2 court cases
Brooklyn Dodgers
originally called Brooklyn Trolly Dodgers
Dago
overgeneralization of italians, dark, catholic, connected with diego, also associated with mexicans and spain
new immigrants rates
part of last open immigration, only 2% refused (criminals, diseased)
Birth Of A Nation,,about
reconstruction, northerners are bad guys, kkk are good guys that come to the rescue
The pattern of discrimination against people trying to buy homes in minority or racially changing neighborhoods is called..
redlining.
Blackhand letters
system of extortion, threat of kidnapping, signed 'the black hand' italians targeted but not as frequent as media describes
houstan's views on education
to desegregate, start in schools
Railroad company embraced settlers..
to protect landlines and railroad lines, to get people out there and build it up
Mississippi plan
took away right to vote, have to pay payroll tax, literacy competency tests, residency requirements
Sooners
took land that didn't belong to them and put money in general allotment fund; plundering
Discrimination in the past and in current practices is described as...
total discrimination.
Unprecedented Race Hatred occurred in..
turn of century
Affirmative action policies are aimed against practices such as...
union nepotism, fair recruiting practices, hiring the best qualified candidate.
Chamber Pot
used to dispose of human waste in tenements in U.S.
The Chinese Exclusion Act
was passed with little debate by Congress; denied naturalization to Chinese already in the U.S.;outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years.
Manifest Destiny
we are destined by god to spread out across country and conquer individuals that might be out there