The Reformation

Theocracy

A government that is controlled by religious leaders.

Council of Trent

A meeting of Catholic bishops and cardinals where they agreed on several Catholic doctrines.

What was Calvin's idea of 'elect' and their place in society?

Elect means that God chooses few selected people to save. He believed that God knew at the beginning who to save and who not to save. This is called predestination. The religion based on Calvin's teaching is called Calvinism.

Presbyterians

Followers of John Knox who believed that each community should be governed by a group of presbyters.

From where did the term Protestantism originate?

It is a branch of Christianity. It did develop out of the Reformation, the protest in the 16th century in Europe against beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church. The three different branches emerged at first. They were Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. In the 16th century it spread out more in Europe, and later the world. As beliefs changed, new denominations formed.

Reformation

A movement for religious reform.

Catholic Reformation

A movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself and help Catholics remain loyal.

Calvinism

A religion based on the teachings of John Calvin.

Predestination

A theory that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved.

Protestants

Christians who were members of non-Catholic churches were considered

What were the goals of the jesuits?

Founding school in Europe, they were well trained in both classical studies and theology. Second was to convert mission was to convert non-Christians to Catholicism. The third goal was to stop the spread of Protestantism.

What impact did Henry VII's actions have on England in the second half of the 1500's?

He brought the children religious turmoil by switching from protestant to Catholic and back. He wrote a stinging attack on Luther's ideas. The pope gave him the title, "Defender of the Faith." This tested the religious loyalty. He had some marriage problems. He then secretly married Anne Boleyn. Henry then married three more times. He was then found guilty in 1535 and treason.

Annul

Henry the pope asked to do this to his marriage so he could take a younger wife.

Lutherans

Luther and his followers (which were called) became a separate religious group from the Catholic church.

Heretic

Luther declared this, known as a person who holds their beliefs that differ from official Church teachings.

Jesuits

Members of the society of Jesus who focused on creating schools, converting non-Christians to Catholicism, and stopping the spread of Protestantism.

Indulgence

Otherwise known as a pardon, released a sinner from the penalty that a priest imposed for sins.

Anabaptists

People who believed that a person must be able to decide to be Christian before he or she can be baptized.

What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the reformation?

The political factors were powerful monarchs challenged the church, and many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority. The social factors were the Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the church, and the printing press helped to spread ideas to the church. The economic factors were that the European rulers were jealous of the church's wealth and that the merchants resented from paying taxes. Some religious factors are that some of the church leaders had become worldly and corrupt.

What role did noblewomen play in the reformation?

They played prominent roles in the Reformation. They protect people such as John Calvin from being executed for for his beliefs while he lived in France. They also protected reformers.

Anglican

This church was created by parliament and Elizabeth I to return England to Protestantism.

Peace of Augsburg

This was a religious settlement that a ruler would decide the religion of their state.