The structure of Cells & labeling a plant and animal cell and a mitochondria and a chloroplast

What is the study of cells?

cytology

Name given to the small internal structures of a cell that perform a specific function for the cell?

organelles

What is the name of the long strands of carbohydrates found in the cell wall to make it rigid?

cellulose

A complex network of strands of protein that help to maintain the shape of the cell?

cytoskeleton

This is an internal framework and support system to give shape and organization to a cell?

cytoskeleton

The breaking down of food into very small particles that can be used by cells?

digestion

The removal of liquid cell waste?

excretion

When newly formed proteins leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to this organelle, where the proteins are sorted and packaged?

golgi body

What is a group of tissues that are all performing the same function?

organ

The place where lipids are manufactured?

Smooth ER

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called if it doesn't have ribosomes attached to it?

Smooth ER

Using the energy from food to build new cell parts, as in growth and repair?

biosynthesis

All cells have two characteristics in common. Name these two characteristics?

cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA

The outermost boundary of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell and separates one cell from another cell?

cell membrane/plasma membrane

Part of the plant cell that is rigid to support and protect the plant cell?

cell wall

What two structures give the plant the strength and support needed to stand upright?

cell wall and central vacuole

four structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole

A very large, water-filled part of the plant cell. The function is to aid the cell wall in support?

central vacuole

The folds of membrane found inside the mitochondria to increase the surface area for cellular respiration?

cristae

portion of the cell outside the nucleus containing a liquid called cytosol which contains organelles

cytoplasm

label animal cell

the cell membrane, Golgi body, Ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER, nucleolus, nucleus, vacuole, nucleoplasm, chromatin, Lysosome, mitochondria, cytoplasm, Centrioles

What is a group of cells that are all performing the same function?

tissue

What is an organism that consists of only one cell?

unicellular

What organelle is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

centrioles

Part of the cell that contains the green pigment chlorophyll?

chloroplast

This organelle has the unique ability to absorb the energy from the sun and convert it into a molecule of glucose?

chloroplast

Part of the cell that contains the blue, red and yellow pigments to five fruits and flowers their color?

chromoplast

Structures composed of DNA and contains the "code" for all of the genetic information of the cell?

chromosomes

name two hair-like structures that extend from the cell surface. These assist in the movement of the cell?

cilia and flagella

What is a group of single celled organisms that live together, but there is no specialization or relationship between the cell?

colonial/colony organisms

What does ATP stand for?

adenine triphosphate

Example of prokaryotic cell

bacteria

The site of photosynthesis in a plant cell?

Chloroplast

Hydrophobic

Water fearing

What does rough ER make?

proteins

the process of converting or burning food for energy?

respiration

A substance that is produced in one cell but is used in another cell?

secretion

hydrophilic

water loving

leukoplast

The type of plastid that is colorless and is used for the storage of starch.

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

All known living things are made up of one or more cells. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells cells are the basic unit of structure and function

Who was the first to observe microorganisms under his "simple" microscope?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

This part of the cell functions primarily as an intra-cellular highway along which molecules can move from one cell part to another?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus or a membrane bound organelle but eukaryotic cells do

Who first looked at cork cells under a microscope and called the "little boxes" that he observed "cells"?

Robert Hooke

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called if it has ribosomes attached to it?

Rough ER

What three scientists provided the evidence for the cell theory?

Rudolf Virchow Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann

Label a plant cell

The Cell wall, Cell Membrane, central large vacuole, Chloroplast, Nuclear Membrane(nucleus), Nucleolus, Cytoplasm

The ability to respond to a stimulus and adapt to the environment?

irritability

Part of the cell contains strong enzymes used for digestion, so a very thick outer layer protects it. These enzymes would destroy the cell if released into the cell?

lysosomes

This is the site of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

The part of the cell where chemical reactions convert food to ATP?

mitochondrion

The site in a cell where ribosomes are manufactured and partially assembled?

nucleolus

The control center of the cell that contains the DNA which directs the functioning of the cell?

nucleus

What is a group of organs that are all performing the same function?

organ system

What is the relationship between the cells, tissues, organs, organ system?

organ systems are made of organs, which are made of tissues, which are made of cells, and all of the these allow the body to function

Example of eukaryotic cell

plants and animals

DNA to histones to chromatin to chromosome

strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones create chromatin and chromatin forms chromosomes when it condenses into easily visible strands during cell division

This serves as a storage area for food and water inside an animal cell?

vacuole