The Unfinished Nation, Chapters 6-10 Exam Review

Who were Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys?

Ethan Allen - Vermont blacksmith Green Mountain Boys - Vermont Colonial Militia

During the Boston Tea Party, an angry mob attacked the crew of some British ships and stole or destroyed everything in sight.

False.

T/F Militia were the most trustworthy type of soldiers in battle.

False.

T/F The first Continental Congress was converted to declare the colonies' independence from Great Britain.

False.

The Quebec Act made Anglicanism the state religion throughout the American Colonies.

False.

Why did children often work in factories during the late 1800s?

Families needed the money to survive.

By labeling the Great Plains the "__________ __________ __________," Stephen H. Long helped perpetuate a misconception introduced by Zebulon Pike 15 yeara earier.

Great American Desert

The Erie Canal connected New York to the __________ __________, providing access to Chicago and the markets of the West.

Great Lakes

The three leading figures in the Whig Party became known as the "__________ __________."

Great Triumvirate

What was a hit-and-run style of fighting used by the Patriots, particularly in the Southern Colonies?

Guerilla warfare

Which of the following statements about Indian removal is NOT correct?

Had the federal government employed scientific study and planning, white expansion into the West could have been controlled?

Two cabinet members who disagreed on everything were

Hamilton and Jefferson

How did Hamilton die?

Hamilton dueled against Burr and Burr shot him in the stomach.

Although the majority of delegates to the __________ __________ on December 15, 1814, did not support secession, their report reasserted the right of nullification.

Hartford Convention

The 1823 statement of U.S. policy in the Western Hemisphere is called the __________ __________.

Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following statements regarding medicine, infection, and disease in the early nineteenth century is NOT correct?

Municipal authorities eagerly adopted major improvements in sanitation as a way of preventing epidemics.

Continuing tensions in Europe, particularly after the beginning of the _____ in 1803, helped bring about the War of 1812.

Napoleonic Wars

Who said "I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"?

Nathan Hale

The Adams administration used the Sedition Act to arrest and convict 10 men, most of whom were

Republican newspaper editors who criticized Federalists in government.

Which statement about the Alien and Sedition Acts is not correct?

Republicans were extremely slow to recognize the acts as an effort to destroy their power.

What did the 'shot heard round the world' signify?

Revolutionary War

A stready stream of commercial wagon trains moved along the _____ Trail between Missouri and New Mexico in the 1820s.

Santa Fe

The Alien and __________ Acts of 1798 were among the most controversial pieces of legislation in U.S. history.

Sedition

Andrew Jackson used orders from Secretary of War John C. Calhoun as an excuse to launch the __________ __________ by invading Florida in 1817.

Seminole War

Of the Five Civilized Tribes, only the __________ and the __________ managed to partially avoid forced relocation.

Seminole, Cherokee.

Which of the following statements about education in the Jeffersonian era is NOT correct?

Several states developed working systems of free public schools.

What decision about representation in the upper house was made in the Great Compromise?

States would be represented equally with two members apiece.

Which decision about representation in the upper house was made in the Great Compromise?

States would be represented equally with two members apiece.

Because the _____ had not yet established its sole right to nullify legislation, Republicans turned to _____ in hopes of reversing the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Supreme Court; state legislatures

The Shawnee chief __________ set out to unite the Indians of the Mississippi Valley.

Tecumseh

Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, the United States renounced its claim on the Spanish territory of __________.

Texas

Which of the following statements about the political atmosphere of the 1790s is not correct?

The two major political factions lacked powerful leaders, which created a deadlock.

Which best explains why Hamilton wanted to increase the public debt rather than reduce and pay it off as soon as possible?

The wealthiest classes would have a permanent stake in the government's success.

Why was the song 'World Turned Upside Down' an appropriate theme for the end of the war?

The world was literally upside down because America, a tiny and weak country, beat the giant and powerful Britain.

Which of the following statements about U.S. immigration in 1830 is true?

There were fewer than 500,000 foreign-born people in the country at that time.

The first widely known American fiction author was __________ __________, creator of Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle.

Washington Irving

In 1830, Massachusetts Senator Daniel __________ challenged Senator Robert Y. Hayne to a debate about states' rights versus national power.

Webster

Veteran Indian fighter __________ __________ __________ became the principal U.S. figure in the Indian conflicts of the Northwest during the early 1800s.

William Henry Harrison

According to Andrew Jackson's theory of democracy,

all white male citizens should be treated equally.

What were the militia called during the Revolutionary War?

minutemen

What was a common feature of life in the Old Northwest?

mobility of individuals and families

Fur trappers, known as "__________ __________," established themselves in the Far West.

mountain men

During the drafting of the Constitution, the issue of sovereignty centered on the relationship between

national and state governments.

Central to Hamilton's financial plan was the idea of a

national bank.

In 1832, the Democrats became the first major American party to hold a

national convention.

The tremendous growth in immigration prompted the appearance among the native-born population of the fear of foreigners, a sentiment known as "__________."

nativism

The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner was an example of a __________ society.

nativist

As a result of the United States government's Indian policy, by the end of the 1830s

nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

Many white Americans of the eighteenth century viewed the Indians as

noble savages.

In developing his theory of __________, John C. Calhoun believed he was offering a moderate alternative to secession.

nullification

According to the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, if states decided that the federal government had exceeded its delegated powers, they had the right to "__________" the appropriate laws.

nullify

The route the Cherokees took on their removal from Georgia is now commonly known as the Trail

of Tears

When Robert Livingston presented him with a proposal for the purchase of New Orleans, Napoleon responded by

offering to sell the entire Louisiana Territory.

The United States became the first country to _____ the new Latin American nations.

officially recognize

Why would there be "no turning back" once the Declaration was created?

once they do this, they are traitors in British eyes and could face hanging

The growth of commerce and industry allowed more Americans the chance to become prosperous without

owning land.

The Constitution made no mention of political _____ because most of the framers believed they were dangerous.

parites

Republicans objected to efforts by Federalists to build influence through

patronage.

Destitute people that were almost entirely without resources, often homeless and dependent on charity or crime, were referred to as "__________" by contemporaries.

paupers

As the immigrant labor force in New England textile mills grew in the 1840s,

payment by piece rate replaced a daily wage.

The first issue of the New York Sun on September 3, 1833, marked the introduction of the "__________ __________," which inaugurated a new age in American Journalism.

penny press

At the Philadelphia convention, James Madison argued that the ultimate authority of the federal government came from the

people.

What is a traitor?

person who betrays his or her country

What is a radical?

person who wants to make drastic changes in society

Slave states wanted to consider slaves as both

persons and property.

What legal means of protest had the colonists taken to convince the British to change their ways?

petitions

In an attempt to prevent the formation of dangerous factions, the Constitution made no reference to

political parties.

By 1828, presidential electors were elected by _____ in every state except South Carolina.

popular vote

After Napoleon surrendered in 1814, the British _____ the United States.

prepared to invade

What is a mercenary?

professional army, soldier who fights merely for pay, often for a foreign country

Between 1820 and 1840, the population of the United States

rapidly grew, in part due to improved public health.

In 1834, Cyrus H. McCormick invented the automatic __________.

reaper

Congress had to establish the Continental Army, but what did the states have to do to obtain soldiers?

recruit

The Supreme Court ruling in Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)

reflected Jacksonian ideas of democracy and economic opportunity.

In response to the Supreme Court's decisions regarding the Cherokee Nation, President Jackson

refused to enforce the decisions.

Madison argued that a large _____ would offer more protection against tyranny.

republic

Advocated of _____ rights, especially in the South, continued to challenge Marshall Court rulings such as Cohens v. Virginia (1821).

states'

In 1836, a "distribution" act required the federal government to pay its surplus funds to the

states.

A new era in river transportation began in the summer of 1807 with the launch of a(n) __________ called the Clermont on the Hudson River.

steamboat

In 1841, in the incident with the American ship Creole, the British government

supported the rights and freedom of mutinous slaves on the ship.

In the debate over the Bank of the United States, President Andrew Jackson agreed with

the "hard-money" advocates.

Which of the following changed most during the "age of Jackson"?

the American electorate

In defining a place for the Indian tribes within the American political system, the Marshall Court did something __________ had not.

the Constitution

In the 1820s the Republican Party split and two new parties emerged. Which of these two parties leaned toward the old Jeffersonian vision of a decentralized nation?

the Democratic Republican Party

At the battle of Bennington, Vermont, a local militia group called _____ attacked and defeated 800 British troops and Native Americans.

the Green Mountain Boys

France had surrendered its North American territories east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain after _____, and by 1800 most of those lands had become part of the United States.

the Seven Years' War

Jefferson persuaded Congress to appropriate funds for an expanded army and construction of a river fleet while deliberately giving Napoleon the impression that

the United States might form an alliance with Great Britain and attack New Orleans.

In the late 1790s, on the political scene,

the United States was deeply and bitterly divided.

Which of Hamilton's financial program proposals met with the most objections and resistance?

the bank bill

At the start of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 the delegates agreed that

the country needed a stronger central government.

In Johnson v. McIntosh (1823), the Marshall Court ruled that Indians had a basic right to their tribal lands and that only _____ had the right to acquire those lands from them.

the federal government

Why was Fort Ticonderoga important to the colonies?

the fort had valuable cannons that the patriots needed.

U.S. diplomatic representatives Robert Livingston and James Monroe were at first hesitant to consider making a treaty for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory because

the government had not authorized them to do so.

One reason that the African American population in 1800-1830 increased more slowly than the white population was that

the importation of slaves became illegal in 1808.

According to the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Supreme Court was to be

the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws.

The Republicans looked with suspicion on the last bastion of Federalist power, _____, which they sought to neutralize by repealing the Judiciary Act of 1801.

the judiciary.

Although Jefferson was unable to entirely eliminate _____, he did cut it almost in half during his presidency.

the national debt

As the Lowell factory system progressed into the 1840s,

the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force.

Madison and the framers of the Constitution believed that ultimate sovereignty came from

the people.

The first major challenge to American neutrality began in 1793, when

the revolutionary French government went to war with Great Britain, putting commercial relations between the Americas and the British at risk.

In 1830, the Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate was begun by a political dispute over

the sale of public land.

What is a blockade?

the shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

During the 1840s, advances in journalism included all of the following EXCEPT

the technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint.

Burr's actions in the West and their outcome illustrated

the vulnerability of a vast nation with a weak central government and ambitious politicians.

When the Lowell factory system began,

workers were fairly well paid and lived in supervised dormitories.

Jefferson and the Republicans worked to reverse the trend whereby _____ had nearly tripled between 1793 and 1800.

yearly federal expenditures

Before 1860, the largest single group of arriving Irish immigrants was

young, single women.

What turn was played by a British band during the English surrender at the Battle of Yorktown?

"The World Turned Upside Down"

Which statement regarding mountain men and their relationship to the larger economy is NOT correct?

Careful planning helped them stay out of debt and keep a large share of their profits.

American inventor __________ __________ revolutionized weapons manufacturing by devising a machine to make each part of a gun according to an exact pattern.

Eli Whitney

The effective advocate of a stronger national government who called for a national convention to rewrite the Articles of Confederation was

Alexander Hamilton

Though it is unlikely that Burr was actually involved in the Federalist secession scheme, __________ __________ accused him of treason.

Alexander Hamilton

Which statement about New England Federalists in 1804 in NOT correct?

Alexander Hamilton chose party over principle and attempted to ride the Federalist secessionist wave back into power.

The dominant figure of George Washington's administration was

Alexander Hamilton.

The first secretary of the treasury under the new government of 1789 was

Alexander Hamilton.

Why were colonists offended by the Tea Act?

British government was abusing and misusing power

Which of the following best describes the significance of the Whigs' attacks on Jackson and Van Buren for their association with the Freemasons?

By accusing Democrats of association with the undemocratic Freemasons, the Whigs beat them with their own issue.

In an effort to prevent international conflict on the high seas, a drastic measure known as the __________ prohibited American ships from leaving the United States for any foreign port.

Embargo

The 1844 Treaty of Wang Hya between China and the United States gave American merchants the same trading privileges in China as those enjoyed by merchants from __________.

England

Which country was most influential in terms of planting the seeds of industrialism in Jefferson's America?

England

Who was an American traitor?

Benedict Arnold; gave our plans to the British

Which of the following statements about the ideas and impact of the Second Great Awakening are correct?

-It combined active piety with a belief in grace through faith and good works. -By rejecting predestination, the emerging belief system gave a greater intensity to the individual's search for salvation. -The revivalism of the Awakening contributed to occasional racial unrest in the South.

Which of the following did Jay's Treaty of 1794 accomplish?

-It settled the conflict with Britain in the French West Indies, thus avoiding a likely war. -It provided for American sovereignty over the Northwest.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding road-building during the "turnpike era" that began in the 1790s?

-A corporation constructed a sixty-mile road from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1794. -The toll roads of this era were called "turnpikes" for the kind of gate frequently used. -Private companies worked to profit from the construction of toll roads.

Which of the following provision were included in the Judiciary Act of 1789?

-A system of lower district courts and courts of appeal would be established. -The Supreme Court would have six members.

Which of the following statements regarding the early part of the War in 1812 are correct?

-American ships scored early victories over British warships. -Napoleon's catastrophic Russian campaign, launched in 1812, ultimately freed the British to turn their attention to America in late 1813. -The British, preoccupied with Napoleon at the time the United States declared was, ignored the declaration at first.

What advantages did the British have?

-stable government. -highly trained, experienced troops. -best navy in the world. -soldiers served life-long enlistments. -hired Hessian mercenaries.

Who was the intended audience for the Declaration?

-Britian. -the colonies. -the world

Which of the following eventually led to the War of 1812?

-British support of Indian tribes that fought against the United States along the Canadian border. -the United States' desire to annex Florida.

Which of the following statements about the impact of the cotton gin are correct?

-By speeding up the cleaning process, the gin made cotton profitable, and total cotton production increased eightfold within a decade. -The large supply of cotton, made possible in part by the gin, influenced the development of an American textile industry in the North.

Which of the following best represent the origins of the Second Great Awakening?

-Conservative theologians were trying to fight the spread of religious rationalism. -Church establishments were attempting to revitalize their organizations.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) raised which constitutional issues?

-Could Congress charter a bank? -Could individual states ban or tax a congressionally chartered bank?

How did farmers in the Northeast respond to agricultural competition from the new, richer soil of the Northwest?

-Farmers moved to towns and became laborers. -Farmers moved west and settled new land. -Farmers changed their focus to supplying food to nearby cities.

Which of the following statements describe physicians and childbirth in the early nineteenth century?

-Female midwives had generally handled childbirth, but physicians increasingly began to take over that job. -Doctors used their newfound commitment to "science" to justify expanding their roles into various areas, including childbirth.

Close ties between Indians and the British and Spanish forces in which areas helped bring about the War of 1812?

-Florida. -the Canadian border region.

Which of the following statements about private and public education in the Jeffersonian ear are correct?

-For the most part, schooling was only for students whose parents could afford the cost of a private education. -Private academies in New England were often more secular than those of the South. -In the South and the mid-Atlantic states, religious groups ran most schools.

Which of the following circumstances strained American relations with France in the 1790's?term-354term-353

-French vessels captured American ships on the high seas. -The French government refused to receive America's new minister to France when he arrived. -French agents attempted to bribe American commissioners in 1797.

Which of the following circumstances affected the selection of John Adams as a Federalist presidential candidate?

-George Washington refused to run for a third presidential term. -John Adams was the least controversial of the available candidates.

Which of the following statements regarding Native Americans and revivalism during the years of the Second Great Awakening are correct?

-Handsome Lake, a Seneca Indian, called for a revival of traditional Indian ways. -Presbyterian and Baptist missionaries helped convert a number of Indians.

Which of the following statements about William Marbury are correct?

-He had been named a Justice of the peace in the District of Columbia in the "midnight appointments" of 1801. -His commission had not been delivered to him before Adams left office, and James Madison refused to give it to him.

Which of the following statements regarding the outcome of the 1824 presidential election are correct?

-Health problems forced Crawford out of the running, leaving Clay (who finished fourth) in a position to influence the choice of a winner. -Jackson received more popular and electoral votes than any other candidate, but he did not have a majority. -The House was now operating under the Twelfth Amendment, passed in the aftermath of the contested 1800 election.

Which of the following statements regarding educational opportunities for women in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are correct?

-In 1789, Massachusetts required that its public school serve females as well as males, and some other states soon adopted similar laws. -Private academies for girl usually served the daughters of wealthy families. -A new value placed on the contributions of the "Republican mother" helped improve educational opportunities for women.

Which of the following statements about the conflict with the Barbary states of North Africa's Mediterranean coast are correct?

-In the 1780s and 1790s the United States agreed to pay annual tribute to the Barbary states. -The European powers whose ships sailed the Mediterranean had long been paying tribute to the Barbary states.

Which states joined the Union in rapid succession between 1816 and 1819?

-Indiana. -Alabama. -Illinois. -Mississippi.

Which states were inspired by the Erie Canal to develop water connections between Lake Erie to the Ohio River?

-Indiana. -Ohio.

Which of these groups received few of the benefits of America's phenomenal economic growth?

-Indians. -landless farmers. -slaves.

Which of the following are accurate statements about the Embargo and its impact?

-It caused a serious economic depression throughout most of the United States. -Merchants and shipowners of the Northeast were hit hardest by the Embargo-induced depression.

Which of the following statements about the Second Great Awakening are correct?

-It taught that people needed to bring Christ and God back into their daily lives. -Though not entirely consistent, its basic message was clear. -Fervent devotion to God and rejection of skeptical rationalism were among its teachings.

Which of the following accurately describe President Jackson's views on the Maysville Road Bill?

-It was unconstitutional because the road was located entirely in Kentucky. -It was unwise because it committed the federal government to large expenditures.

Who was on the committee that was responsible for drawing up a formal Declaration of Independence/

-John Adams. -Benjamin Franklin. -Thomas Jefferson. -Robert Livingston. -Roger Sherman.

Who among the following finished among the top three in the 1824 presidential election?

-John Quincy Adams. -Andrew Jackson. -William H. Crawford.

Which of the following statements regarding Jefferson's military and defense policies are correct?

-Large standing armies, he believed, were a threat to civil liberties and civilian government. -He reduced the army from 4,000 men to 2,500 and the navy from 25 ships to 7.

Which of the following occurred between the final days of Jefferson's presidency in 1809 and the outbreak of war with British three years later?

-Legislation that replaced the Embargo permitted the reopening of trade with all nations but Britain and France. -The British government repealed its blockade of Europe. -Just before leaving office, Jefferson signed a bill ending the "peaceable coercion" of the Embargo.

Which of these correctly describe the difficulties in recruiting factory workers in the early days of industrialization development?

-Many city dwellers were skilled artisans who worked in their own shops. -Most Americans still lived and worked on farms.

To protect against the tyranny of the people, the framers of the Constitution decided which of the following?

-Members of the executive and judicial branches would be insulated from the public to a degree. -Only members of the House of Representatives would be directly elected by the people.

Which of the following were typical for white settlers in the Old Northwest?

-Men, women, and children all worked together in fields. -Families moved frequently. -Settlers built communities with schools, churches, and stores.

Spanish Florida included southern areas of which of these present-day states?

-Mississippi. -Louisiana.

How did the rise of industry affect the nature of the family?

-More families moved from farms to the cities. -In cities, the family was no longer the principle economic unit.

What are the three main sections of the Declaration?

-Natural Rights. -Grievances (British Wrongs). -Independence.

Which states attempted to end slavery during the Revolutionary War?

-New Hampshire. -Massachusetts. -Pennsylvania.

In the elections of 1854, the Know-Nothings achieved their greatest success in which three states?

-New York. -Pennsylvania. -Massachusetts.

What caused inflation during the Revolutionary War?

-No power to raise money through taxed. -Relied on contributions. -Printed millions of dollars of worthless paper money. -Money circulated faster than the supply of gold. -No other way to finance war.

Which of the following were reasons white Americans began expansion into the West in early 1800s?

-Population growth in the East drove out many white Americans. -Land in the West was plentiful and an attraction for Americans.

What were the effects of most income earners leaving home each day to work in a shop, mill, or factory?

-Primarily domestic concerns were predominant in the home. -A sharp distinction emerged between the workplace and the home.

What factors contributed to limiting overt class conflict?

-Some workers were able to move from poverty to riches. -Life was better for most factory workers than it had been on the farms or in Europe. -The rootlessness of migrant urban laborers made organization and protest difficult.

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the events that took place in the Northwest in 1813?

-Tecumseh died fighting against forces led by Harrison at the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813. -The United States scored a number of victories in the Great Lakes region. -Actions by forces under the command of Oliver Hazard Perry helped make possible another invasion of Canada.

Which of the following statements regarding peace negotiations with Britain in 1814 are correct?

-The Americans agreed to give up their demand for cession of Canada to the United States. -The British agreed to give up their demand for the cession of an Indian buffer state between the Northwest and Canada. -Both sides began the negotiations with extravagant demands.

Which of the following explain why Aaron Burr, vice president in Jefferson's Republican administration, became aligned with the Federalists in New York?

-The Federalists proposed that Burr, himself a New York politician, become their candidate for the state's governor in 1804. -Burr was the greatest political rival of Alexander Hamilton, the leading Federalist in New York who refused to support the Federalists' scheme.

What were some of the issues and accusations surrounding the 1800 presidential campaign?

-The Republicans accused the Federalists of plotting to impose slavery on the people. -The Republicans likened Adams to a tyrant. -The Federalists accused Jefferson of being a dangerous radical.

Which of the following were beliefs held by a large portion of the Democratic Party in the 1830s?

-The Union should be defended. -The role of the government should be limited. -The government should help remove obstacles to opportunity.

Which of the following statements about the XYZ Affair and its aftermath are correct?

-The conflict spurred Congress to establish the Department of the Navy in 1798. -Conflict with France brought about increased cooperation between the U.S. and the British.

Which of the following statements regarding urbanization in America in 1800 are correct?

-The desire of urban people for diversions led to the first formal race course opening in New York City in 1665. -The urban environment created a way of life quite different from that experienced by most Americans, producing new levels of affluence. -New York and Philadelphia were the nation's two leading cities, with 60,000 and 70,000 residents, respectively.

Which of the following are accurate statements about the reasons behind Napoleon's sudden decision to offer the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States?

-The renewal of hostilities in Europe meant that his resources would be focused there. -He was no longer in a position to pursue his dream of a North American empire.

Lewis and Clark had many things in common, including which of the following?

-They had extensive experience in the outdoors. -They were veteran Indian fighters. -They were skilled in the ways of survival.

Which of the following best describe the soft-money opponents to the Bank of the United States?

-They thought the Bank restrained state banks from freely issuing notes. -They were mostly state bankers and their allies.

Match the states with the year in which they joined the Union: Vermont- Kentucky- Tennessee- Rhode Island-

-Vermont-1791, after New York & New Hampshire gave up their claims. -Kentucky-1792, after Virginia gave up its claim. -Tennessee-1796, after north Carolina ceded its western lands to the Union. -Rhode Island-1790, after the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

Which of the following accurately describe Indian and white relations before the mid-nineteenth century?

-Whites were at least somewhat aware of Indians' claims to the land. -Interactions were sometimes, but not usually, unfriendly. -The two groups lived in close proximity to one another.

What are 3 ways that businesses kept unions from forming?

-Yellow dog contracts. -Firing anyone who was a part of a union. -Refusing to say unions existed.

In which of the following areas did the Federalists enjoy their strongest support?

-a few southern seaports such as Charleston. -large commercial centers. -the Northeast.

Which of the following had a significant impact on U.S. population growth between 1790 and 1840?

-a high birth rate. -improvements in public health. -a declining number of epidemics.

The Locofocos were

-a radical faction of the Democratic Party in the 1830s. -in favor of vigorous, perhaps even violent, action. -mainly workingmen, small businessmen, and professionals in the Northeast.

Under the system of state banking that prevailed after the charter of the first Bank of the United States had expired,

-a wide variety of banknotes, their value dependent on the reputation of the bank that issued them, were in circulation. -counterfeiting of banknotes was easy. -banks issued banknotes, which people used more or less as money.

In the spring of 1842, Secretary of State Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton

-agreed that the United States would receive slightly more than half of the disputed border territory. -reached some resolution on the Caroline and Creole Incidents. -established a revised northern boundary as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

Which of the following accurately describe the changed character of American horse racing in the late nineteenth century?

-an increasingly working-class and lower-middle-class audience. -formalized betting introduced. -black jockeys forbidden. -hopes of winning money drew most fans.

In response to deteriorating relations with the French revolutionary government, President John Adams urged Congress to

-authorize capture of French warships. -cut off all trade with France.

Jefferson's Indian policy was one of assimilation, but William Henry Harrison, the man he appointed to administer it, did which of the following?

-coerced the Indians into giving up large amounts of land. -used whatever tactics he could to bully the Indians into submission.

What new agricultural techniques and technologies improved farm production in the Northwest?

-cultivation of hardier varieties of seed. -automatic thresher. -automatic reaper.

The Jefferson administration persuaded Congress in 1802 to abolish all internal taxes, leaving the government with which sources of revenue?

-customs duties. -sale of western lands.

Middle-class homes in the mid-nineteenth century included which of these characteristics?

-dark colors. -heavy furniture. -lush fabrics.

Which of the following were challenges to nations sovereignty faced by the Federalists during Washington's second administration?

-dealing effectively with the Indians. -securing the northwestern frontier. -maintaining neutrality in Britain's was with France.

What did the Olive Branch Petition say?

-declared their loyalty to the King. -asked him to repeal the Intolerable Acts.

Jefferson became alarmed about the possibility of a hostile force in Louisiana once he learned of which of the following?

-efforts to prevent American vessels on the Mississippi River from unloading their cargo in New Orleans. -a violation of the 1795 Pinckney Treaty by the Spanish, who controlled New Orleans until the French took formal possession. -the secret transfer of Louisiana from Spain to France under the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800.

Which of the following were features of the Virginia Plan?

-election of the upper house by the lower house. -a national legislature with two houses.

Which of the following accurately describe Alexander Hamilton's vision of government?

-elitist. -permanent debt.

Which of the following factors influenced renewed Indian resistance to the encroachment of the United States on their lands?

-encouragement and support from the British and Canada. -the rise of two powerful Indian leaders.

Which of the following were aspects of the New Jersey Plan?

-equal representation for all states. -a one-house national legislature.

Which of the following characterize the first 12 years of the republic, from 1789 to 1801?

-extraordinary disagreement that plagued the new government. -intense rivalry between two powerful factions.

List 4 major problems faced by the United States during Washington's presidency.

-getting economy on track. -settling Northwest Territory. -setting up federal judiciary. -whiskey rebellion. -French Revolution.

Which of the following accurately characterize what Chief Justice John Marshall achieved with his Marbury v. Madison ruling?

-greatly expanded the Supreme Court's importance. -helped define the Supreme Court's role in government.

Though pleased with the terms of a bargain that had doubled the size of the United States, Jefferson was troubled over the Louisiana Purchase because

-he was uncertain about his authority in such matters. -the Constitution said nothing about the acquisition of new territory.

What were the factors contributing to a slower increase in the African American population than the increase seen in the white population in the early 1800s?

-higher death rate. -enforced poverty.

Which of the following describe items that Alexander Hamilton proposed to tax?

-imports. -alcohol.

Which of the following correctly identify aspects of American cultural life in the early nineteenth century?

-increased educational opportunities. -new literary and artistic influences. -development of American literature.

Which of the following accurately characterize the image and tone of the Jefferson administration?

-informal. -plain and ordinary in appearance.

The election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828 was historically significant because it

-legitimized the idea of political parties as popular, democratic institutions. -was the result of a popular movement, not simply the work of political elites.

What disadvantages did the British have?

-long distance supply lines. -poor communication. -vast lands are difficult to conquer. -citizens supported the Patriots.

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster persuaded Nicholas Biddle to apply to Congress for renewal of the Bank of the United States' charter because it would

-make the Bank a major issue in the national election. -force a congressional vote.

Which groups of Americans supported Hamilton's program after it was enacted?

-manufacturers. -creditors. -wealthy elites.

Which of the following accurately describe American horse racing in its early period, from colonial times to the Civil War?

-many jockeys were black. -often reflected North-South sectional rivalries. -exclusively for wealthy "gentlemen".

Which of the following emerged as the core concerns of the Webster-Hayne debate?

-nullification. -preservation of the Union. -states' rights.

What were some things Jefferson did as president?

-reduced army. -reduced taxes. -favored free trade.

Which of the following correctly describe conditions for the young women employed in the Lowell mills?

-relatively well-paid. -clean housing provided. -well fed.

Which of the following are accurate characterizations of Jefferson's tone and behavior in the wake of his "revolution" that removed the Federalists from power?

-restrained and conciliatory. -minimizing differences.

Which of the following were challenges to national sovereignty faced by the Federalists during Washington's second administration?

-securing the northwestern frontier. -dealing effectively with the Indians. -maintaining neutrality in Britain's war with France.

What 2 things did the Second Continental Congress do?

-sent a petition to King George called the Olive Branch Petition. -made the Continental Army.

Since the beginning of the republic, new states had come into the Union more of less in pairs, one a(n) _____ state and on a(n) _____ state.

-slave; free. -northern; southern.

Which of the following groups were strong supporters of the Democrats in the 1830s?

-southern planters suspicious of industrial growth. -smaller merchants and workingmen in the Northeast. -westerners who had roots in the South.

Which of the following did the results of the 1836 presidential election illustrate?

-the Whigs' inability to find a single strong candidate. -the continuing strength of Jackson within the Democratic Party. -the Whigs' problem of divided leadership.

The Marshall Court tended to favor which of the following?

-the federal government over state governments. -corporations and other private economic institutions over local governments. -a strong, unified national government over a loosely organized one.

By the 1816 presidential election, the Federalists had ceased to be a potent force in national politics, signaling a clear end to which of the following?

-the first party system. -any significant opposition to the Republican monopoly on power.

Which of the following did Martin Van Buren emphasize?

-the party's need for a permanent opposition. -party loyalty and preservation of the party.

Which of these technological advances spurred the growth of American journalism in the 1840s?

-the telegraph. -the rotary press.

The Constitution's "separation of powers" was designed for what purposes?

-to encourage competition among the forces within the government. -to prevent any single group from having too much power.

Which of the following are reasons why Hamilton wanted to create a national bank?

-to provide the government with a safe place to deposit funds. -to stimulate business by providing loans and currency. -to provide a basis for a well-developed national banking system.

Thomas Jefferson believed the nation should be wary of which of the following?

-too much urbanization. -too much industrialization.

For Americans and their elected leaders in the q810s, the War of 1812 served as a dramatic demonstration of inadequacies in which of the following areas?

-transportation and shipping. -banking and finance.

List the British advantages during the war

-wealth. -strong army and navy.

Why was the capture of Fort Ticonderoga a significant victory for the colonies?

-won a valuable supply of cannons and gun powder. -gave Americans control of a key route to Canada.

What were the major sources of labor for the new textile mills in the 1820s?

-young, single women. -farm families, with parents and children.

Between 1800 and 1820, the national population nearly doubled, to almost _____ million.

10

The population of the United States grew 4 million in 1790 to _____ million by 1840

17

On April 30, __________, representatives of the United States signed an agreement for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France.

1803

Lewis and Clark set out on their famous expedition in the spring of

1804.

South Carolina's John C. Calhoun, one of the "war hawks" elected in 1810, joined others in pressuring Madison toward the declaration of war against Britain on June 18,

1812.

When did work on the Erie Canal begin?

1817

In what year did the Stockton and Darlington Railroad in England become the first railroad to haul general traffic?

1825

The romoval of some legal obstacles in the _____ led to a spurt in the growth of corporations.

1830s

In what year was the telegraph first used for intercity communications?

1844

In 1860, the percentage of the population in free states living in towns (places of 2,500 people or move) was

26 percent.

The proportion of the free-states population living in towns of 2,500 or more grew from 14% in 1840 to _____ by 1860.

26%

About _____ of America's population lived in towns of more than 8,000 in 1800.

3%

How many Declaration signers were there?

57

What portion of the total labor force worked on farms in the 1820s?

90%

In the 1800 election, the Republican machine in New York led by _____ helped his party win.

Aaron Burr

Though he served as vice president in Jefferson's first administration, __________ __________ became an outlaw and was accused of trying to create a western empire under his rule.

Aaron Burr

How did Jefferson win the presidential election?

Aaron Burr received the same number of votes as Jefferson, so the house was called upon to choose between the two with the highest votes. Hamilton persuaded enough Federalists to cast blank votes to give Jefferson a majority vote. Burr became vice-president.

Who assisted George Washington in winning the Battle of Yorktown?

Admiral Francois de Grasse, who commanded the French fleet

Temporarily abandoning plans for an invasion of Florida, __________ __________, a wealthy Tennessee planter and general in the state militia, attacked the Creek Indians at Horseshoe Bend on March 27, 1814.

Andrew Jackson

When was the 'shot heard round the world' fired?

April 158, 1775

Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner" after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry at _____ on the night of September 13, 1814.

Baltimore

What was the first operating railroad company in the United States?

Baltimore and Ohio

The central issue of the 1832 elections was the _____, which was exactly what _____ wanted.

Bank of the United States; Henry Clay

Jefferson reversed his policy of cutting the U.S. military once trouble began brewing in the Mediterranean, where the _____ pirates threatened U.S. shipping with demands of tribute.

Barbary

When was the end of the revolutionary war?

Battle at Yorktown

Henry Clay declined an offer to become secretary of war, so the newly-elected President Monroe named John C. __________ to the position instead.

Calhoun

Which of the following statements is true of canal and turnpike transportation?

Canal boats could haul vastly larger loads than could road transports.

The "Know-Nothing" movement was partially directed at reducing the influence of

Catholics.

Who did British General Henry Clinton leave in command of the British forces in the south in 1780 when he left to return to New York?

Charles Cornwallis

What was a battle British victory in South Carolina?

Charleston

In 1830, the first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed to the West was the

Choctaw.

Which city did NOT owe its growth to the Great Lakes?

Cincinnati.

The University of Pennsylvania created the first American _____ school in 1765.

medical

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

Committee that spread information of threats to liberty by British all over Massachusetts.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional because

Congress had no right to expand the powers of the judiciary beyond what the Constitution specified.

More than almost anyone, John Marshall influenced the development of the

Constitution

What were "yellow dog contracts"?

Contracts the employers made workers sign saying that they wouldn't join labor unions.

The first state to ratify the Constitution in 1787 was

Delaware.

Which of the following best describes the 1836 presidential election?

Democrats united behind Martin Van Buren.

Which statement about cotton cleaning and the invention of the cotton gin is NOT correct?

Despite its obvious value, the cotton gin was never widely used.

What former army officer from Prussia, helped Washington by drilling troops a Valley Forge?

Friedrich von Steuben

Supporters of the Constitution, known as __________, included George Washington and Benjamin Franklin.

Federalists

Which of the following was not one of the "Five Civilized Tribes"?

Fox

What European country began it's own Revolution after hearing about the American Revolution?

France

What country was America's greatest ally during the revolution?

France

Which nations helped America win her independence from Britain?

France and Spain

What were some sources of support for the Patriot cause, both domestically (at home) and internationally?

France: Declared war on Great Britain; worked out a trade agreement & alliance; sent money, equipment, and troops. Spain: Declared war on Great Britain; sent money, rifles, & supplies. Spanish troops captured forts in the Mississippi Valley. Dutch/Netherlands: Went to war with Great Britain; Bankers lent money. Individual Europeans: Marquis de Lafayette, Casimir Pulaski, Friedrich von Steuben, and Juan de Miralles Women: Took on their husbands duties; Managed to family & farms, run their businesses, made clothes for the troops, cared for the sick.

Who was known as 'Swamp Fox'?

Francis Marion

Who was the South Carolina Patriot known as the "Swamp Fox" who used hit-and-run tactics against the British?

Francis Marion

The name of the XYZ Affair refers to the three

French diplomats who attempted to extract a bribe from a U.S. diplomatic commission.

Why is Saratoga considered turning point of war?

French joined our side

Who in February 1779, along with his Virginia militia strengthened the American position in the West by capturing Kaskaskia and Vincennes in present-day Illinois?

George Rogers Clark

Hastily drawn up on Christmas Eve 1814, the Treaty of __________ ended the War of 1812 and helped usher in a period of improved Anglo-American relations.

Ghent

Which of the following best describes Alexander Hamilton's attitude toward the 1800 presidential election?

He considered Burr too unreliable to trust with the presidency.

What Mohawk chief led attacks against the Americans in New York and Pennsylvania?

Joseph Brant

When was the Declaration of Independence ratified?

July 4, 1776

Which of the following best describes Andrew Jackson's view of Indians?

He was deeply hostile toward them and wanted them to move west.

A compromise drafted by __________ __________ brought the nullification crisis to an end.

Henry Clay

Who did the British hire as mercenaries?

Hessians

What key factors led to the end of the Revolution and a Patriot victory?

In 1781, a Patriot army, under the Command of George Washington, moved quickly south. They were aided by French troops and ships. The Americans were able to surprise General Charles Cornwallis' army at Yorktown and forced it to surrender. Even though Great Britain had a superior military strength, the Americans were fighting on their own land. The Americans were able to receive help from France and Spain and had a great leader in George Washington.

Who did the British hire to fight in the Revolutionary War?

mercenaries

The nationalist inclinations of the Marshall Court were apparent in a series of decisions on the legal status of _____ within the United States.

Indian tribes

Which of the following accurately describes transportation problems that occurred during the wartime British blockade?

Instead of being able to travel along the Atlantic coast by ship, people and goods crowded onto coastal roads.

Americans referred to the Coercive Acts as the "__________ __________."

Intolerable Acts

Between 1820 and 1840, the largest proportion of immigrants to the United States came from

Ireland.

Construction gangs after 1840 were increasingly composed of workers from

Ireland.

In the 1840s, the dominant immigrant group in New England textile mills was the

Irish.

Which statement accurately identifies the Judiciary Act of 1789 and its relation to Marbury v. Madison?

It compelled executive official to deliver commissions for judges, but the Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its authority in passing the act.

Which of the following best characterizes how the Constitution allocated the powers of the national and state governments?

It created a supreme national government with broad powers, but allowed for separate states with other powers.

How did the Cherokee nation try to defend itself against Georgia's efforts to seize its land?

It filed an appeal with the United States Supreme Court.

Which of the following statements about people and events that surrounded President Harrison's inauguration is NOT correct?

John Tyler looked to guidance from Whig Party leaders after Harrison died.

Which statement best identifies the ultimate impact of the Hartford Convention?

It made the Federalists seem irrelevant, perhaps even guilty of treason, and signaled the end of their party as an importance force.

Which of the following statement about the 1840 presidential election is not correct?

It presented a stark contrast between aristocratic Van Buren and honest, man-of-the-people Harrison.

What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act used for?

It went against large businesses attempting to control an industry.

Which of the following statements about the new capital city of Washington, D.C., is NOT correct?

Its small-town charm made Washington a home away from home for members of Congress, who built houses and often retired there.

Which of the following statements regarding actions by the Jackson administration against the Bank of the United States in 1833 is NOT correct?

Jackson recognized that he had the legal means to abolish the Bank, but he needed the help of a reliable treasury secretary.

What was the radical group that seized power called?

Jacobians

Of the Founding Fathers, __________ __________ played the central role in drafting the Constitution.

James Madison

Who was NOT one of the participants in the peace negotiations with the British in 1814?

James Monroe

Representative _____ of New York proposed an amendment to Missouri's statehood bill that provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in the state.

James Tallmadge Jr.

Jackson compared his victory and its aftermath to the election of _____ in 1800.

Jefferson

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were the work of _____ and used concepts formulated by _____.

Jefferson and Madison; John Locke

In 1830, what political figure said, "The Union, next to our liberty most dear"?

John C. Calhoun

As chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835, __________ __________ dominated the Court more fully than anyone else during his tenure.

John Marshall

The official who failed to deliver Marbury's commission in the final hours of the Adams administration was __________ __________.

John Marshall

What Naval hero said "I have not yet begun to fight!" ?

John Paul Jones

To whom was the Olive Branch Petition addressed to?

King George the Third

Why did Washington decide to attack the British at Yorktown instead of New York?

Lafayette had the British trapped in Yorktown and more French troops were sailing for that area.

African American who fought with the Patriots at Concord, Massachusetts.

Lemuel Hayes

Where was the 'shot heard round the world' fired?

Lexington and Concord

Which statement about the 1796 presidential elections is not correct?

Like the Federalists, the Republican had difficulty choosing a candidate, though they ultimately settled on Jefferson.

Who fled to England during the Revolutionary War? Those of them that remained in America were often shunned by their neighbors and even subjected to mob violence.

Loyalists or Tories

Drawing from the ideas of _____, John C. Calhoun argued that the states were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of federal laws.

Madison and Jefferson

Complicating the Maine Missouri question in 1819 and 1820 was the application of _____ for admission as a free state.

Maine

Republican attacks on the judiciary and debate over the courts were the context of __________ v. Madison (1803), one of the most important judicial decisions in American history.

Marbury

Who was a teenage aristocrat who was friends with George Washington?

Marquis de Lafayette

After John __________ died in 1835, President Jackson appointed Roger B. Taney to take his place.

Marshall

Though he had won election as New York governor in 1828, __________ __________ __________ resigned when Andrew Jackson appointed him secretary of state.

Martin Van Buren

Who of the following saw his close ties and great influence with President Jackson grow stronger as a result of the Peggy Eaton affair?

Martin Van Buren

When was the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga?

May 1775

When __________ won its independence from Spain in 1821, it soon opened its northern territories to trade with the United States.

Mexico

In the increasingly popular __________ shows, white actors wearing blackface mimicked and ridiculed African American culture.

Minstrel

When __________ applied for admission to the Union in 1819, an amendment to the statehood bill was proposed that banned the further importation of slaves into the state.

Missouri

3 solutions Hamilton proposed to deal with the United States financial problems and why?

National government should: -pay off national debt -assumption of the states' debts -set up a national bank. Why-If the nation could pay off its debts, it could establish credit and other nations would trade with us.

Under the new system, the field was divided between the _____ Republicans, led by John Quincy Adams, and the _____ Republicans, led by Andrew Jackson.

National; Democratic

Under the Constitution of 1789, the group whose legal status was LEAST recognized was

Native Americans.

In which region did the factory system first develop?

New England

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" originated with _____, but because it placed tariffs on other imports in order to win support from other constituencies, it raised the price of _____ and therefore lost the support of the group it had been intended to help.

New England textile manufacturers; raw materials

Before 1830, _____ had come to serve as the major link between Midwestern farmers and the cities of the Northeast.

New Orleans

Jackson's victory in the Battle of __________ __________ on January 8, 1815, became legendary, but the war had actually ended several weeks before the battle took place.

New Orleans

Rather than risk a war with France or loss of support from westerners who demanded the reopening of the Mississippi River, Jefferson instructed Ambassador Robert Livingston to negotiate with France for the purchase of

New Orleans.

Manhattan's great Central Park was built, beginning in the 1850's, partly at the request of

New York's wealthy, as a place to ride their elegant carriages.

What were two results of the Patriot victory at Trenton?

New enlistments and re-enlistments rose.

What significant lesson did the resolution of the nullification crisis demonstrate?

No state could defy the federal government alone.

In the 1820s and 1830s, the labor force for factory work in the United States

None of these answers is correct.

Jacksonian Democrats

None of these answers is correct.

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 came close to

None of these answers is correct.

Which region of the country had, by far, the most trackage in 1860?

Northeast

During the 1790s, regional support in the United States for Federalists was greatest in the

Northeast.

In 1837, __________ in Ohio became the first college to admit both men and women.

Oberlin

The financial crisis known as the __________ of __________ helped bring the "era of good feelings" to an end.

Panic; 1819

What was Valley Forge?

Pennsylvania site of Washington's Continental Army encampment during the winter of 1777-1778

What did Andrew Carnegie believe people should do?

People who were successful should give back.

The Constitutional Convention was held in

Philadelphia in 1787.

Many easterners came to think of the West as a giant desert because of Lieutenant Zebulon __________, who explored of what is now Colorado in 1806.

Pike

Jefferson easily won reelection in 1804 against Federalist candidate Charles C. __________.

Pinckney

Which of the following statements regarding the Bank of the United States under Nicholas Biddle is FALSE?

President Jackson ordered the Bank closed before the expiration of its charter.

Which of the following statements regarding American railroads in the 1850s is FALSE?

Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.

Who captured more British ships at sea than the American navy?

Privateers

Like his contemporary to the east, Handsome Lake, Tenskwatawa (known as "the __________") demonstrated the power of religious leaders to mobilize Indians behind political and military objectives.

Prophet

Who began the country's first major strike in 1877?

Pullman employees whose pay had been cut.

Which region of the United States experienced both the smallest amount of urban growth and the least settlement by immigrants between 1840 and 1860?

South

Senator Robert Hayne represented the state of

South Carolina.

Steamboats in the 1810s stimulated the agricultural economies of the _____ by providing much readier access to markets at reduced cost.

South and West

How did Spain help the American struggle for independence from Britain?

Spain declared war on England and engaged British troops in fighting in Louisiana and Florida.

Pinckney's Treaty (1795) was negotiated between the United States and

Spain.

Which statement regarding involvement by women and African Americans in the Second Great Awakening is NOT correct?

The Awakening's encouragement of whites to improve their treatment of blacks and of blacks to submit to authority promoted racial harmony.

Which of the following statements about technology in the early nineteenth century is NOT correct?

The British government sought to promote the work of its nation's inventors by teaching their techniques to American workers and industrialists.

Which statement best describes Congress's decision about who would become president in the election of 1800?

The Federalist Congress had to choose between the opposing party's two candidates.

What advantage was used by Americans to help win the Revolutionary War?

The Patriots would ambush or surprise the British because they knew the local terrain

What was happening to the Patriots during the winter of 1776-1777?

The Patriots' cause was near collapse. Continental Army fell apart, many deserted.

What is the introduction to the Declaration called? What is the purpose of this introduction?

The Preamble -to give readers the reasoning for issuing -explains that they are telling the world the reasons for breaking with Britain

Which of the following statements regarding educational opportunities for people of different classes and races in the early nineteenth century in NOT correct?

The era saw an increased interest in the power of education to "improve" African Americans.

How did the federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion differ from the Confederation Congress's response to Shay's Rebellion?

The federal government dealt with the insurrection directly.

Which statement about the 1800 presidential campaign is not correct?

The partisan rancor of the 1800 campaign infected all who participated, not least of all Jefferson and Adams.

Which of the following best describes Washington's beliefs about political factions?

The president should be above political controversies.

What was the political significance of Peggy Eaton on Andrew Jackson's administration?

The presidential aspirations of John C. Calhoun were likely ended.

What did the British agree to in the Treaty of Paris?

They agreed to give Americans the right to fish in the waters off Canada.

Which statement about the members of the Constitutional Convention is NOT correct?

They agreed to immediately disclose their activities to the public.

Which of the following statements regarding the Antifederalists is NOT correct?

They opposed the idea of a bill of rights, which they believed would lead to an excess of democracy.

Who described the election of 1800 as the "Revolution of 1800"?

Thomas Jefferson

Who did the committee ask to write the document?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was NOT one of the authors of The Federalist Papers?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the primary writer of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

The two preeminent Republicans of the 1790s were

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

Who said 'What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too highly'?

Thomas Paine

Who wrote Common Sense?

Thomas Paine

Which statement best characterizes Jefferson's leadership style?

Though he cultivated the image of a man of the people, he was a shrewd politician who quietly exerted considerable influence.

While Tecumseh was away attempting to form an alliance with Indians to the south against the United States, Harrison defeated Indian forces in the Battle of

Tippecanoe.

Another name for Loyalists-those loyal to the king

Tories

Which of the following statements about religious life in America during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is NOT correct?

Traditional, evangelistic religion in the new nation was swiftly dying away, and a new scientific rationalism prevailed.

Which of the following statements about the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion is not correct?

Troops laid siege to Pittsburgh for three days until the rebels surrendered.

True or false: Hamilton won a major victory in 1791 when the Bank of the United States opened.

True

What was the lowest point for American forces during the war?

Valley Forge

Where did George Washington's troops spend the winter of 1777-1778 with inadequate clothing, food, and shelter?

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

New Englanders had begun to express impatience with the so-called "__________ __________" and its years of control over the executive branch.

Virginia Dynasty

In an effort to persuade state legislatures to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Republicans introduced two documents, known as the _____ resolutions.

Virginia and Kentucky

In 1834, the Factory Girls Association held a strike to protest

a 25 percent wage cut.

Who were the Green Mountain Boys?

a Vermont colonial militia led by Ethan Allen that made a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga.

Even after Congress passed an internal improvements bill, Madison continued to maintain that __________ was necessary before it would be possible to fund the building of roads.

a constitutional amendment

One social trend that accompanied industrialization was

a decline in the birth rate.

One argument in favor of political parties in the 1830s was the belief that

a permanent political opposition made parties sensitive to the people's will.

Because "King Caucus" had been overthrown, in 1824 the field of presidential hopefuls included _____ candidates who were not necessarily affiliated with any political party.

a relatively large number of

Which of the following sparked the nullification crisis of 1832?

a state covention vote on the "tariff of abominations"

Indians were predominant in the upper Great Lakes area until

after the Civil War.

The most significant achievement of the first Congree was passing the first 10 __________ to the Constitution.

amendments

Thomas Jefferson's vision for America is best summarized as

an agrarian society of small property owners.

Alexander Hamilton recommended that the federal government raise revenue through

an excise tax and an import tax.

What was the Continental Army?

army established by the Second Continental Congress to fight the British

In the 1820s, John C. Calhoun proposed his doctrine of nullification

as an alternative to possible secession.

The nullification crisis came to an end in 1833 after President Andrew Jackson

authorized the use of military force to see that the acts of Congress were obeyed.

Jay's Treaty (1794)

avoided a likely war with England.

The _____ structure of the American system was designed to protect against _____.

federal; despotism

Neither the Virginia Plan nor the New Jersey Plan addressed

whether slaves would be counted as part of the population.

In the 1790s, those who were labeled Republicans envisioned developing a nation that would

be largely agricultural and rural.

Why was Henry Hamilton, British commander at Detroit, called the "hair buyer"?

because he paid Native Americans for settlers' scalps.

Events in which women got together to make quilts or other domestic products were known as "__________."

bees

The Antifederalists' main complaint about the Constitution was that it lacked a

bill of rights.

One example of the diplomatic challenges John Quincy Adams's administration faced was the 1826 Panama conference, which southerners in Congress opposed because they did not want American representatives to associate with

black delegates from Haiti.

In 1832, Henry Clay sought to use the debate over the Bank of the United States primarily to

boost his presidential candidacy.

Under the terms of the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800 between France and Spain, France regained title to the vast Louisiana Territory as part of Napoleon's grand design to

build a great French empire in America.

When the Jackson administration began transferring funds from the Bank of the United States to state banks, Nicholas Biddle responded by

calling in loans and raising interest rates.

Prior to 1860, the most significant invention for middle-class American homes was the

cast-iron stove.

According to Jefferson, what should the people do if the government fails to fulfill its purpose?

change it, alter or abolish it.

The Constitution's most distinctive feature is a system of __________ and __________ to evenly distribute powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

checks and balances

Which of the following was replacing wood as a leading energy source in the mid-nineteenth century?

coal

By 1860, the energy for industrialization in the United States increasingly came from

coal.

Who were Patriots?

colonists who favored war against Britain

Who were Loyalists?

colonists who remained loyal to Britain

In most parts of the North, before the Civil War, free blacks could

compete for menial jobs.

Armed with an increased congressional majority after the 1798 elections, the Federalists began to

consider ways of silencing their Republican opponents.

In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major concession to the pro-slavery delegates was the

continuation of the slave trade for twenty years.

What is a monopoly?

contract to rule a specific industry from a government

The soil in the Old Southwest was ideal for growing __________, a crop that enjoyed increasing demand.

cotton

The Republicans in 1798 and 1799 succeeded in

helping to elevate their dispute with the Federalists to a national crisis.

Marbury v. Madison addressed the question of whether the Supreme Court had the authority to

declare congressional acts unconstitutional.

By the middle of the nineteenth century, merchant capitalism in the United States

declined as opportunity shifted from trade to manufacturing.

Adherents of _____, a rationalist version of religion that grew out of the Enlightenment, included Franklin and Jefferson.

deism

Martin Van Buren argued that a strong national party is essential for

democracy.

What did many soldiers do during the brutal winter of 1778 when the Continental Army was camped at Valley Forge, PA?

deserted

In the 1820s, Whig support for the Anti-Mason Party demonstrated the

desire of the party to attract the largest possible number of voters.

One of the most distinctive features of the Constitution is the _____ of powers between the state and national governments.

distribution

President Andrew Jackson sought to apply his democratic principles by first targeting

federal officeholders.

The availability of _____ helped fuel a land boom in the West, the end of which caused the Panic of 1819.

easy credit

The outcome of the 1836 presidential election was partly the result of a nationwide

economic boom.

Jackson was consistently opposed to concentration of power in the federal government over

economics and banking.

The American Revolution weakened traditional forms of religious practice by

encouraging individual liberty and reason.

The New Jersey Plan

expanded the taxation and regulatory powers of Congress.

Farmer revolts in western Massachusetts in the 1790s were evidence of the

failure of the Confederation to effectively tie outlying western areas to the nation as a whole.

American factory workers in early nineteenth-century textile mills largely consisted of

families and rural, single women.

Prior to 1860, hostility among native-born Americans toward immigrants was spurred, in part, by

fears of political radicalism.

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on

federal authority.

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was created to address the Constitution's lack of details regarding

federal courts.

The Marshall Court's decisions on matters relating to the Indians served to establish the tribes as sovereign entities over which the _____ had ultimate authority.

federal government

Pullman Strike

first time workers had called a strike to protest grievances. 1894 railway workers strike for higher wages against Pullman Co., in which Pres. Cleveland issued injunction to prevent strike.

One of the main schools of thought on the Constitution is that the document is

flexible and capable of evolving with society.

What best describes the American Museum in New York, which opened in 1842?

freak show

What did Governor William Livingston of New Jersey ask the Legislature to do in 1778?

free all enslaved people in the state

What was offered by the British to attract African Americans to fight with them?

freedom

What rights of an independent country did Jefferson list?

full power to: -levy war. -conclude peace. -contract alliances. -established commerce. -and anything else an independent state has the right to do.

The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism.

Before 1860, compared to Irish immigrants to the United States, German immigrants

generally arrived with more money.

Compared to 1800, in 1860, urban American families

had a declining birth rate, and were more likely to see income earners work outside the home and see their children leave home in search of work.

What was the Olive Branch Petition trying to accomplish?

have King curb parliaments abuse of power

In the 1840s, P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York showcased

human oddities.

With a few exceptions, military operations by the United States between 1812 and 1815 resulted in

humiliating failures.

How had the British responded to these appeals to change?

ignored

Life in the British navy was so horrible that few sailors volunteered, so they were "__________," or forced into service.

impressed

Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to territory

in the Pacific Northwest.

What was the most powerful single stimulus for increased agricultural production?

industrialization

An important result of the development of the machine tool industry in the mid-nineteenth century was the widespread adoption of the principle of _____ parts in manufacturing.

interchangeable

What is a preamble?

introduction to a declaration, constitution, or other official document

Andrew Carnegie

invented a new way to make steel and preached the "gospel of wealth".

Thomas Edison

invented the idea of a central electric power station

Alexander Graham Bell

invented the telegraph

Why was victory at Saratoga so important to Patriots?

it got the support of France, captured British troop of 6,000

When the ships of the American __________ __________ were caught between Napoleon's decrees and Britain's blockade, American control of trade between Europe and the West Indies was challenged

merchant marine

Prior to 1860, the fastest-growing segment in American society was the

middle class.

By 1801, the Federalists dominated only the __________ branch of government.

judicial

Edmund Randolph of Virginia proposed a national government consisting of __________, __________, and __________ branches, which remain the three branches of government today.

judicial, legislative, and executive

What would have been one of Washington's greatest challenges at Valley Forge?

keeping the Continental Army together

In France in the early decades of the nineteenth century, the benefits of democracy were largely restricted to

landowners and aristocrats.

The "XYZ Affair"

led to an undeclared war between the United States and France.

The rise of the American factory system

led to the creation of skilled workingmen's craft societies.

Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America was a classic study of American

life.

Alexander Hamilton's plan for the federal government to assume state debts was passed by Congress after a deal was made to

locate the nation's capital between Virginia and Maryland.

Before the development of the telegraph, the main form of long distance communication was the __________.

mail

Though more famous for his cotton gin, Eli Whitney also contributed to the development of modern warfare. by

manufacturing muskets with interchangeable parts.

Jefferson authorized the Lewis and Clark expedition to do all of the following EXCEPT

map prospective areas for settlement.

In 1836, President Andrew Jackson's "specie circular"

resulted in a severe financial panic.

Marbury v. Madison involved the legal concept of judicial _____ and the question of the Supreme Court's authority to _____ acts of Congress.

review; nullify

What did people who didn't like the powerful industrialists call them?

robber barons

Republican support was strongest in

rural areas of the South and West.

What was the purpose of Common Sense?

said it was common sense to fight for freedom against Britian.

By what means did the federal government finance road construction in Ohio in 1803?

sale of public land

A minority in the rest of the country but still the majority in New England, Federalists began renewed talk of __________ in the winter of 1814-1815.

secession

In order to address the currency problem and other financial concerns, Congress chartered the __________ Bank of the United States in 1816.

second

With the emergence of the Whigs, the era know to scholars as the "__________ __________ system" had begun.

second party

The debate over the Missouri Compromise revealed a competition between _____ and _____ that threatened to tear the nation apart.

sectionalism; nationalism

Elias Howe of Massachusetts constructed a(n) __________ machine in 1846.

sewing

Which of the following groups was not a strong supporters of the Whigs?

small farmers in the West who had migrated from the South

The most sustained opposition to Alexander Hamilton's economic program came from

small farmers.

Of the following groups, support for the Whigs was weakest among

small western farmers.

Most Americans in the post-Revolutionary period believed that a republic should be relatively

small.

What did soldiers do when Congress refused to pay pensions and other debts to American soldiers following the British surrender at Yorktown?

soldiers circulated a letter calling for force to be used against Congress

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Marshall Court defined the Indian tribes as _____ in much the same way that Georgia was.

sovereign entities

Madison's greatest achievement in shaping the Constitution was answering questions of

sovereignty and limits on power.

By embracing the philosophy of the __________ system, the Jackson administration established elected officials' right to appoint their followers to public office.

spoils

The Great Compromise answered the question of representation by determining that

states would be represented on the basis of population in the lower house.

What sacrifices were the signers willing to make to gain independence?

they pledged their money their honor and their lives

Which of the following was the most important task of the first Congress in 1789?

to draft a bill of rights

What was the main intent of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions?

to justify action by the states against the federal government

Why were American delegates sent to France in 1783?

to negotiate with Britain the terms of the Treaty of Paris

According to Jefferson, what is the purpose of the government?

to secure the unalienable rights of its citizens

In response to the development of mass-production methods that threatened their livelihoods, skilled workers of the 1820s and 1830s began to organize __________ __________ as institutions to promote their interests in the workplace.

trade unions

Federalists controlled the new government under the Constitution for its first

twelve years.

During its two-decade history, the Whig Party won the presidency

two times.

The supreme court of Massachusetts, in Commonwealth v. Hunt, declared in 1842 that

unions were lawful organizations.

The philosophies of __________ and __________ began as religious skepticism but grew into a strong movement that rejected Calvinist predetermination and the Trinity.

unitarianism; universalism

The Whig Party was LEAST successful at

uniting behind a strong national leader.

What is a militia?

unprofessional army

Which best describes the route of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri, and across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Northwest and the coast

Which statement about the Founding Fathers is NOT correct?

virtually all embraced the concept of democracy

Which of the following best describes Americans who qualified to vote prior to the 1820s?

white property owners

Alexander Hamilton's funding plan

was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired.

The Black Hawk War

was notable for vicious behavior by the American military.

Of the 22 colleges and universities nationwide in 1800, non

was truly public.

Which of the following groups had the greatest access to higher education in 1800?

wealthy white males

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787

were well educated by the standards of their time.