TMC 330 ch3 and ch4
Which of the following is the BEST example of communication that fosters effective relationships?
In a company meeting, your new CEO says she strives for more open and timely communication among all employees. Soon after, everyone has access to a company intranet.
Which of the following is NOT a common application of operant conditioning at work?
Instrumentality
Which of the following is NOT true of motivation?
It is a simple set of psychological influences.
Which of the following is the best example of intrinsic motivation?
Maria is fulfilled by her teaching job because she helps underprivileged children.
Despite her full-time job and hectic family schedule, Sarah has dedicated the free time she does have to raise money for foster youth programs. Although she seems to have less free time, this year she has tripled her fundraising. Having been a former foster youth, Sarah feels the need to raise money and awareness is critical. Sarah's behavior is an example of ________.
Motivation
Ellen teaches philosophy courses at a prestigious university. She is known for her quick wit and interesting class discussions. Her class is always filled to capacity. The course workload is heavy, but students tend to work hard in her class. The students' desire to do their very best work is called ________.
Motivation
Max is known for his charismatic leadership. The people in his department enjoy their work and find meaning in what they do. Their workload is heavy, but their results have been excellent. This desire to do their very best work is called ________.
Motivation
The result of a complex set of psychological influences and external forces or conditions that cause a person to behave in a certain way while maintaining a certain level of effort and persistence best describes __________.
Motivation
Which of the following best describes expectancy theory?
Motivation is affected by the relationship among effort and performance, performance and outcomes, and the perceived value of outcomes.
Raj has just celebrated his one-year anniversary with the company and received a very large raise in salary. Raj finds his entry-level job interesting enough, but he works hard at it because he sees it as the first step on his career path. He craves more responsibility and advancement. In his two-factor theory of motivation, Herzberg calls Raj's potential career path a ________.
Motivator
Higher-order needs, such as the needs for recognition, responsibility, achievement, and opportunities for growth and development are known as __________________.
Motivators
Which of the following accurately describes the ERG theory?
Needs for existence, relatedness, and growth can all motivate at once.
Cho's manager stops by his office several times each Wednesday to nag him about turning over his production report. When Cho sends the report to his manager, the nagging visits stop. Cho starts to send in his report as early as he can each Wednesday. According to operant conditioning theory, this kind of nagging is considered ________.
Negative reinforcement
Limbic resonance can be managed by carefully attending to ______.
Nonverbal communication
Hiro created a work shortcut that will save his fellow employees time and save the company money. His manager praised him lavishly at the company meeting that afternoon. Hiro now is always on the lookout for other ways to save company resources. According to operant conditioning theory, the praise Hiro received is considered ________.
Positive reinforcement
Choose the best definition of intrinsic motivation
motivation that comes from within a person, and not from other people or outside rewards
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following will impact job dissatisfaction among workers?
salary and supervision
_________________________ is a state of mind that includes optimism, an image of a future that is challenging but realistic, and a belief that we can do something to move toward this vision.
A sense of hope
For a leader, the key to building trust in an organization is to make sure ________.
Actions don't contradict words.
Mary is having a conversation with her coworker when their supervisor enters the room. Mary continues speaking to her coworker and nods her head at her supervisor. What kind of communication is Mary employing?
Body language
Which theory of motivation suggests that needs for existence, relatedness, and growth can all motivate at once?
ERG theory
Constance is Jorge's supervisor. She knows that he has trouble keeping "regular" office hours because he must help care for his special-needs daughter. Constance remembers to ask Jorge about his child and is accommodating when he needs to adjust his workday to take his daughter to her various medical appointments. Constance has developed a high degree of ________ with respect to motivation.
Empathy
Rocco works a full-time job and attends graduate school during his evenings. His supervisor often asks Rocco about his classroom experiences and allows him to work a flexible schedule so he can be to class on time. Rocco's supervisor has developed a high degree of ________ with respect to motivation.
Empathy
What is described as accurately interpreting the emotions, needs, and desires of others?
Empathy
Which of the following is true for Empathy?
Empathy takes on special importance in multicultural settings.
Which of the following is NOT true of good communicators?
Good communicators pay attention to how they can lengthen a conversation.
Rachel has a well-paying job but it is contract work. Every year, Rachel worries that her contract will not be renewed. Rachel's concern about job security is a(n) ________.
Hygiene factor
Marcus thinks of himself as an entrepreneur. He created a company that caters to students in local college dorms. For a fee, Marcus or one of his employees will deliver food prepared at a local restaurant or personal care supplies. Marcus staffed the company with people who want the entrepreneurial experience. Because they often keep late hours, Marcus knows each employee well and encourages everyone to come up with ways to improve and expand the business. Marcus has developed ________.
Resonant relationships
When you make an effort to remember and take genuine interest in the lives of the people you work with, you are creating ________.
Resonant relationships
Shannon sets a goal of running a marathon. To help herself achieve this goal, she decides that she will increase her distance by 2 miles each week until she reaches the 20-mile mark. Experts have told her that having run this distance will give her a confidence boost when she runs the entire marathon in May. Shannon has created a(n) ________ goal.
SMART
________________________ indicates that the motivation to learn and change behaviors is linked to self-efficacy and vicarious learning.
Social learning theory
Which of the following is the best example of extrinsic motivation?
Tamara spends extra time cleaning up her workstation to avoid being fired.
In equity theory, which of the following typically results when the outcomes for an individual are perceived to exceed his or her inputs and the reverse is true for his or her co-worker?
The individual will presume his or her input is more valuable than co-worker's input.
Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that fosters effective relationships?
The president of your small company presented you with the Employee of the Month award. The next day, your manager calls you into her office to discuss some performance problems.
Which theory is also known as the motivator-hygiene theory?
Two-factor Theory
Anna's company is holding a contest. Whoever sells the most product in the month of January will win a cash bonus. Anna wants that money to help offset the purchase of a new car, so she has spent a great deal of time studying ways to increase her sales. She knows that with the right target market, she can sell enough product to win the contest. The value Anna places on winning the contest and cash prize describes which component of Vroom's expectancy theory?
Valence
Why is written communication especially useful?
When saved, written messages provide a permanent record that can be easily referred to for clarification.
Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which words evolve in a language?
Words evolve arbitrarily. There is no relationship between the sound of most words and their meaning.
Which of the following condition is NOT associated with "FLOW"?
a heightened sense of awareness that time is passing
Jackson works for a global consumer products firm. He teaches ESL (English as a Second Language) courses to employees and their families who have been transferred to the U.S. campus. When new employees arrive, Jackson has them communicate with him and with each other via a system of signs and words from the representative languages until their English-speaking skills begin to improve. In this example, Jackson has created ________.
a pidgin
Maureen works for J&M, a global firm, and must spend two years working in a foreign country. Her family will live overseas with her and her children will attend school with fellow J&M children from around the world. The children are very young and do not all speak the same language, so to help them communicate, the teacher has created a system of signs and words from the representative languages. In this example, the teacher has created ________.
a pidgin
Ellen teaches philosophy courses at a prestigious university. She is known for her quick wit and interesting class discussions. Her class is always filled to capacity. The course workload is heavy, but students tend to work hard in her class. Ellen has created ________.
a resonant environment
Max is known for his charismatic leadership. The people in his department enjoy their work and find meaning in what they do. Their workload is heavy, but their results have been excellent. Max has created ________.
a resonant environment
Which is the most accurate definition of empathy?
accurately interpreting the emotions, needs, and desires of others
In equity theory, ________.
an imbalance in the perceived ratio of inputs to outcomes decreases motivation
Which of the following is NOT associated with the flow experience?
an intense focus on possible inadvertent outcomes
Having self-awareness about what motivates you individually can help you do all except which of the following?
arrive at the minimum salary you should expect
Which of the following is a destructive form of operant conditioning?
blame the messenger
What body language mostly likely signals that you are NOT listening to the speaker?
doodling
Having empathy is the key to a leader's ability to ________.
connect with people and motivate them to meet their needs
______ refers to the associations, feelings, and judgments that accompany a word.
connotation
Michael works part-time as a dishwasher at a restaurant. He makes minimum wage and is saving as much money as he can to purchase a car. He plans to drive to the local college and earn a business degree. His supervisor is a stern disciplinarian and keeps a close watch over everything Michael does. What most likely motivates Michael to work hard at his job?
earning a business degree
Isobel and Adam, friends from college, were hired as editorial assistants on the same day. Both report to the same manager and have the same job responsibilities. One day, Isobel discovers that Adam earns a higher salary than she does. Isobel decides to ask her manager for a raise so that her salary matches Adam's. What motivation theory best explains Isobel's motivation to balance her inputs and outcomes?
equity theory
Which of the following is NOT relevant for motivation?
evoking deficient personal commitment
"Effort affects performance, and performance is moderated by perceived value of outcomes." Which theory of motivation is best summarized as the above definition?
expectancy theory
Patrice needs to improve her computer skills for her job. She asks Pedro for help, but after an hour, she gives up. She says she is too old to learn anything new and blames Pedro for not explaining things to her properly. Patrice has a high ________.
external locus of control
Intrinsic motivation is the internal desire to engage in activities even in the absence of ________ in order to feel a sense of satisfaction, to use or improve one's abilities, or to learn.
external rewards
Which Big Five personality trait correlates most strongly with successful inspirational leadership?
extraversion
Studies have found a potentially serious flaw in the application of operant conditioning at work because the vast majority of rewards are ________.
extrinsic
You supervise a group of workers who outsource contract work. Your manager believes you should empower your employees to evaluate the bids and assign work themselves. From your management courses, you recognize that your manager is applying the self-determination theory. You worry that this is not the right approach. Your worries are well founded because the theory is antiquated and poorly supported by research.
false
Your roommate recently accepted a promotion and asks to review your college management materials for support in her position. You can tell her Herzberg's two-factor theory is a well-known theory of motivation, but is not supported by much research; therefore, it is not necessary for her to familiarize herself with how it can be applied in the workplace.
false
Early Saturday morning, you begin playing your favorite video game. You start slowly, but eventually you are "in the zone" as you complete more and more of the game's required tasks and progress through the various levels. At some point, you realize that there is little light coming through your window. It is now 7 p.m. You have not had anything to eat or drink all day and your voicemail box is filled with messages. You have experienced ________.
flow
John is passionate about computer programming. He can sit at his computer and program for hours without getting up to take a break. This is an example of ________.
flow
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi refers to ________, which is a state of complete engrossment in a task that matches one's skills and requires full use of one's talents.
flow
You have a management project due on Monday. You have hours of video interviews with managers talking about ways they motivate their employees. On Saturday morning, you begin editing the videos to create your final project. You start slowly, but soon you are "in the zone" as you watch, edit, and compile your materials. At some point, you realize that you have been at this for a long time and it is now 5 p.m. You have not had anything to eat or drink all day and your voicemail box is filled with messages. You have experienced ________.
flow
The earliest forms of language included ________ that communicated ________.
gestures and sounds; thoughts and feelings
Allison is a college student majoring in psychology, a subject she finds interesting and challenging. She is involved in Vocal Ensemble and must maintain a C average to participate. Her parents encourage her to get good grades so she can find a well-paying job when she graduates. Overall, her grades tend to be mediocre, just above the D range. What most likely motivates Allison in school?
her involvement in Vocal Ensemble
People with a ________ locus of control believe that they can make an impact on their environment and they take personal responsibility for the outcomes of their actions.
high internal
Jackie believes that the reason she has enjoyed success in life is because she has worked hard and assumed responsibility for her fate. Jackie has a ________.
high internal locus of control
In the three-needs theory, ________ individuals tend to work well in teams, while ________ individuals tend to work poorly in teams.
high nAff; high nAch
Priya has just celebrated her one-year anniversary with the company and received a very large raise in salary. Priya finds her entry-level job boring and feels little sense of accomplishment in the work she does. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, Priya's raise is a ________.
hygiene factor
Pedro wants to find a better job. He actively searches for open positions in which he is interested and spends time updating his resume. He also asks a trusted friend to help him practice his interview skills. He knows if he gets the job, it will be due to his preparations. Pedro has a high ________.
internal locus of control
Which of the following factors does NOT help motivation?
interpersonal conflicts
What body language mostly likely signals that you are an active listener?
leaning in toward the speaker
Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic motivator?
learning because you enjoy it
What is crucial to building resonant relationships in the workplace?
maintaining a balance between showing empathy and keeping professional boundaries
Neal is a supervisor in Employee Relations and is content in his current position. He tends to keep to himself, but he has a few close friends at the company. The employees in Neal's department complain that he micromanages and can be critical of their work efforts. According to McClelland's three-needs theory of motivation, Neal is high in ________.
nAch (need for achievement)
The employees of Peterson Paper Supply Inc. recently pooled their vacation hours and donated them to a co-worker whose child was undergoing chemotherapy. The employees believe they are all one family and they actively work to build close personal relationships in their workplace. The employees have a high ________.
nAff (need for affiliation)
What is described as is the desire to engage in challenging activities, to meet and exceed personal goals, and to seek excellence?
need for achievement
Identify the needs referred to in the three-needs theory.
need for achievement, affiliation, and power
A resonant work environment is characterized by ________.
optimism and efficacy
Alice knows that if she can meet the deadline for her project, her boss will be very pleased. When Alice has delivered projects early, her boss was thrilled, praised her repeatedly, and took her out to lunch to celebrate a job well done. Alice's boss uses ________.
positive reinforcement
Which of the following options most accurately defines resonant relationships?
relationships that are vibrant and supportive, and foster respect, inclusion, openness, and honest dialogue
Antoinette founded a company that uses recycled materials to create clothing. Her mission to help the earth's environment is clear to all employees and to customers who visit the company website. Though the company is growing rapidly, Antoinette still makes time to talk to her employees about their personal interests. She also encourages everyone to think "outside the box" and her employees often are inspired to come up with new ways to create clothing from recyclables. Antoinette has developed ________.
resonant relationships
Megan has a good job with a company in a declining industry. She feels she is well paid, but she works in constant fear of a corporate downsizing. Because she lacks job security, Megan is hesitant to make friends with her coworkers. She does not feel valued at her job and does not believe she will reach her full potential at this company. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what need must be satisfied now before Megan can pursue her higher-level needs?
safety
Beth usually enjoys her job. She has temporarily moved to a new project at work that is unfulfilling to her. She stays motivated because she realizes it is temporary and she is able to find pleasure in small tasks. What helps Beth stay motivated?
self-awareness
Dominic is a middle-school teacher who works long hours for little pay. When he is feeling defeated, he reminds himself that he is helping shape the next generation of thinkers and is contributing to the good of society. Dominic has developed a high degree of ________ with respect to motivation.
self-awareness
Jorge works at a job he no longer enjoys. For various reasons, he is unable to seek other employment at this time. Jorge decides to remind himself that he frequently is learning new skills and meeting new people, which will help him when he is able to begin his job search. Jorge also realizes that his boring job pays well and allows him to send his special-needs child to a private school. Jorge has developed a high degree of ________ with respect to motivation.
self-awareness
The degree to which a person believes that he or she is capable of successfully performing a behavior, accomplishing a task, or achieving a goal is BEST described as __________.
self-efficancy
Steve writes feature articles for a local magazine. A friend asked him to consider writing the biography of one of the city's prominent citizens. Steve has never written a book, but strongly believes that he can learn what is needed and agrees to the job. According to social learning theory, Steve's ________ supports his ability to learn the new job.
self-efficiancy
Jonathan has a well-paying job at a start-up company that he knows will expand and grow. He and his coworkers spend so many hours together at work that they tend to socialize together during their off hours as well. Because the pace at work is so fast and furious, Jonathan does not feel adequately recognized for his accomplishments. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what need must be satisfied now before Jonathan can pursue his higher-level needs?
self-esteem
Diane supervises a group of conscientious employees who just finished a large project on time and within budget. Because company finances are tight, it is unlikely anyone will receive bonuses or salary increases this year. Diane decides to reward herself and her group by inviting them to a celebratory lunch. What social learning theory best describes Diane's actions?
self-reinforcement
Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people take care of ________ before they satisfy needs for ________.
shelter and safety; friends and family
Alderfer's ERG theory improves on Maslow's hierarchical needs theory because ERG states _____________.
that all needs may be activated at the same time
Which of the following accurately describes motivation?
the result of a complex set of psychological influences and external forces or conditions that cause a person to behave in a certain way while maintaining a certain level of effort and persistence
Why should you be familiar with the various motivation theories?
to form an educated opinion about the theories
You work in Customer Support for a small company. You and your coworkers ask your manager for more autonomy in deciding how to solve customer problems. You mention to your manager the benefits of this, the self-determination theory of motivation, which you studied in your college management courses. You also can tell your manager that the theory is modern and is well support by research.
true
Your roommate recently accepted a promotion and asks to review your college management materials for support in her position. You can tell her Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a well-known theory of motivation, but is not backed by much research; however, it is still important for her to familiarize herself with how and when it can be applied in the workplace.
true
Good leaders and successful employees pay a great deal of attention to ________ communicate.
what they
In operant conditioning, extinction is ________.
withholding of a consequence following a certain behavior
