Top Hat Ch. 4, 5, & 6

how much ATP can a cell make from one glucose molecules in the absence of oxygen?

2 ATP

in order to transform the _______ of ATP into ________ available to do work, the bonds of ATP must be broken into ADP and an available phosphate group

potential energy; kinetic energy

some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules. in what form is that harvested energy available to power cell work?

ATP molecules

the cell is sometimes described as a protein factory. using the cell as factory analogy, which of the following accurately describes the functions of the endomembrane system?

all of the above

a nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from it's mothers milk. these molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via

endocytosis

what is the principal difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

in eukaryotes, the interior of the cell is divided by internal membranes into specialized compartments

if a cell is unable to preform aerobic cellular respiration, what will then happen?

no ATP will be produced, causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease

which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in the pancreatic cells that produce digestive enzymes that function in the small intestine?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

which one of the following is an example of entropy?

the aerobic respiration of glucose generates heat

a cell's cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that help a cell keep its shape. what other important function does the cytoskeleton serve?

the cytoskeleton guides organelles that must move from place to place within the cell

enzymes catalyze the many reactions in a cell. there are hundreds of different enzymes in a cell- each with a unique three dimensional shape. why do cells have so many different enzymes?

the shape of the enzyme's active site generally fits a specific substrate