Topic 11 Digestion and Nutrition

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble and can be stored in the body? a. A b. B1 (thiamine) c. C (ascorbic acid) d. B2 (riboflavin) e. niacin

a. A

The process that moves nutrients into the blood or lymph is a. absorption. b. assimilation. c. digestion. d. ingestion. e. elimination.

a. absorption

The amount of energy needed to maintain basic metabolic functions is the a. basal metabolic rate. b. body mass index. c. thermic effect of food. d. basic body index. e. metabolic ratio.

a. basal metabolic rate.

Amino acids are needed to ________. a. build new proteins b. serve as fat stores c. supply energy for the cell d. create red blood cells

a. build new proteins

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting? a. calcium b. iron c. magnesium d. sodium e. sulfur

a. calcium

The digestion of which class of foods begins in the mouth? a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. lipids d. amino acids e. nucleic acids

a. carbohydrates

Which of the following factors does NOT stimulate the stomach to pass on its contents to the small intestine? a. depression and fear b. stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the stomach wall following a large meal c. reduced fat or acid content of chyme in the duodenum d. elation and relaxation e. all of these

a. depression and fear

Infections, stress or factors that speed up peristalsis may cause a. diarrhea. b. constipation. c. impaction. d. Crohn's disease. e. Salmonellosis.

a. diarrhea.

The first part of the small intestine is the a. duodenum. b. ileum. c. colon. d. cecum. e. jejunum.

a. duodenum.

Bile is used to aid in the digestion and absorption of a. fats. b. proteins. c. carbohydrates. d. nucleic acids. e. fats and proteins.

a. fats.

Molars and premolars are used to a. grind food. b. bite off chunks of food. c. tear food. d. mince food. e. pulverize food.

a. grind food.

Which blood vessel travels from the small intestine directly to the liver? a. hepatic portal vein b. hepatic vein c. aorta d. inferior vena cava e. mesenteric vein

a. hepatic portal vein

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency? a. iodine b. copper c. zinc d. selenium e. manganese

a. iodine

The constituent of hemoglobin whose absence leads to anemia is a. iron. b. iodine. c. calcium. d. zinc. e. magnesium.

a. iron.

Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin? a. mouth b. esophagus c. stomach d. small intestine

a. mouth

A bolus is formed in the a. mouth. b. esophagus. c. stomach. d. small intestine. e. large intestine.

a. mouth.

If your appendix bursts it may lead to a life threatening condition called a. peritonitis. b. diverticulitis. c. rickets. d. osteoporosis. e. cirrhosis.

a. peritonitis.

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. mouth. d. large intestine. e. esophagus.

a. stomach.

The digestion of proteins begins in the a. stomach. b. pancreas. c. small intestine. d. large intestine. e. esophagus.

a. stomach.

Which of the following speeds up the passage of food through the pyloric sphincter? a. the larger number of mechanoreceptors in the stomach wall that are activated b. the presence of acid in the duodenum c. hormones such as cholecystokinin d. emotional conditions such as depression or fear e. the presence of fat in the duodenum

a. the larger number of mechanoreceptors in the stomach wall that are activated

A diet rich in what vitamins may reduce the chance of free radicals that can cause health problems? a. C and B12 b. C, E, and A c. D and C d. D, C, and E e. B12, C, and E

b. C, E, and A

Which of the following is not a function of the liver? a. It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels. b. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. c. It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them. d. It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them. e. It produces bile.

b. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

Ammonia is produced when cells break down a. fats. b. amino acids. c. carbohydrates. d. nucleic acids. e. vitamins.

b. amino acids.

What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine? a. lipase b. bile c. amylase d. pepsin e. maltase

b. bile

Stomach motility a. decreases following a heavy meal. b. controls the amount of material leaving the pyloric sphincter. c. is unaffected by emotional state or external environmental factors. d. may be retarded when stretch receptors on the stomach wall are activated. e. is increased by hormones released in response to high stomach acidity.

b. controls the amount of material leaving the pyloric sphincter.

During the process of swallowing, the a. esophagus is temporarily closed by the glottis. b. epiglottis closes the trachea leading to the lungs. c. pharynx restricts food entry to the esophagus. d. epiglottis seals the esophagus. e. none of these

b. epiglottis closes the trachea leading to the lungs.

Foods rich in complex carbohydrates are usually high in a. cholesterol. b. fiber. c. fats. d. oils. e. resins.

b. fiber

What is the major function of the colon? a. digestion/absorption b. form feces c. churning foodstuffs d. passageway only e. eliminate iron

b. form feces

Excess glucose taken up by the liver is converted to a. fat. b. glycogen. c. bile salts. d. fructose. e. proteins.

b. glycogen.

Bile a. is a by product of digestion. b. helps in the digestion of fats. c. helps in the digestion of carbohydrates. d. helps in the digestion of proteins. e. helps in the digestion of both carbohydrates and proteins.

b. helps in the digestion of fats.

The body's temperature is controlled by the ________. This temperature is always kept between ________. a. pituitary; 36.5-37.5 °C b. hypothalamus; 97.7-99.5 °F c. hypothalamus; 36.5-37.5 °F d. pituitary; 97.7-99.5 °F

b. hypothalamus; 97.7-99.5 °F

Lack of which element can lead to goiter? a. iron b. iodine c. calcium d. zinc e. magnesium

b. iodine

Lack of which element can lead to thyroid problems? a. iron b. iodine c. calcium d. zinc e. magnesium

b. iodine

Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum? a. glucose b. iron c. sodium d. water

b. iron

Persons on low carbohydrate diets increase their risk of a. diabetes. b. kidney damage. c. liver problems. d. fainting. e. insulin surges.

b. kidney damage.

The function of the appendix is a. to digest proteins. b. not clear, but may relate to combating ingested bacteria. c. to digest fats. d. to absorb glucose. e. to absorb amino acids.

b. not clear, but may relate to combating ingested bacteria.

The process of mechanical digestion includes a. breakdown of food particles by enzymes. b. physically making food smaller and easier to handle. c. churning of food in the muscular stomach. d. hydrolysis of nutrients. e. absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

b. physically making food smaller and easier to handle.

The nerves and blood vessels of a human tooth are located in the a. dentine. b. pulp cavity. c. enamel. d. caries. e. periodontal membrane.

b. pulp cavity.

A deficiency of vitamin C may give rise to a. beriberi. b. scurvy. c. pellagra. d. hypothyroidism. e. all of these

b. scurvy.

Of the following parts of the GI tract, the greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. colon. d. pancreas. e. esophagus.

b. small intestine.

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called a. frenula. b. sphincters. c. cannula. d. anastomoses. e. buccinators.

b. sphincters.

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ to the digestive system? a. pancreas b. spleen c. salivary glands d. liver e. gallbladder

b. spleen

The primary function of the stomach is to a. break down fats. b. store food, churn, and begin digestion. c. absorb major nutrients. d. package feces. e. eliminate water and tissue fluid.

b. store food, churn, and begin digestion.

Which of the following is NOT absorbed directly into the blood from the intestine? a. water b. triglycerides c. ions d. glucose e. amino acids

b. triglycerides

Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein? a. pancreatic amylase b. trypsin c. sucrase d. pancreatic nuclease

b. trypsin

The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the a. epiglottis. b. uvula. c. pharynx. d. adenoid. e. cecum.

b. uvula.

Which vitamin is fat soluble? a. vitamin C b. vitamin E c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin B12 e. biotin

b. vitamin E

Scurvy is a deficiency disease related to which of the following vitamins? a. A b. B1 (thiamine) c. C (ascorbic acid) d. B2 (riboflavin) e. niacin

c. C (ascorbic acid)

Which vitamin enhances calcium absorption? a. A b. C c. D d. E e. K

c. D

Which vitamin functions in forming a blood clot? a. A b. E c. K d. B e. all of these

c. K

Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries officers do? a. Nothing. A high coliform count is normal. b. Nothing. This is good for oyster production. c. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. d. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to the oysters. e. Nothing. A high coliform count would be beneficial to humans who ate the oysters.

c. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters.

Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids? a. Remove skin from poultry. b. Broil rather than fry. c. Use butter instead of herbs and spices. d. Use lemon juice instead of salad dressing. e. Avoid packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats.

c. Use butter instead of herbs and spices.

Which of the following would NOT be part of an ideal diet? a. bulk b. some complex carbohydrates c. ample salt and sugar d. little red meat e. fish, poultry, and legumes

c. ample salt and sugar

The typical brown color of feces comes from a. blood cells. b. degraded food substances. c. bile. d. melanin. e. digested blood from meats.

c. bile.

The element needed for blood clotting, nerve transmission, and bone and tooth formation is a. iron. b. iodine. c. calcium. d. zinc. e. magnesium.

c. calcium.

Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase? a. mucus b. phosphate ions c. chloride ions d. urea

c. chloride ions

Bile salts are synthesized from a. hydrochloric acid. b. uric acid. c. cholesterol. d. mucus. e. sodium chloride.

c. cholesterol.

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called a. bolus. b. pepsin. c. chyme. d. lacteal. e. lipase.

c. chyme.

When the lining of the small intestine secretes more water than the large intestine can absorb, what develops? a. colitis b. constipation c. diarrhea d. Crohn's disease e. Salmonellosis

c. diarrhea

High stomach acidity a. creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion. b. promotes emulsification of fats. c. favors protein digestion. d. blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers. e. converts lipases into their active forms.

c. favors protein digestion

Which organ takes glucose out of the blood and stores it as glycogen? a. pancreas b. spleen c. liver d. skin e. kidney

c. liver

The organ that inactivates and detoxifies different organic compounds is the a. pancreas. b. small intestine. c. liver. d. spleen. e. gall bladder.

c. liver.

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called a. peritoneum. b. periosteum. c. peristalsis. d. perineum. e. peridontal.

c. peristalsis.

Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called a. cysts. b. villi. c. polyps. d. lacteals. e. wheals.

c. polyps.

What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine? a. absorb iron b. absorb fats c. produce vitamin B d. produce bile e. absorb water

c. produce vitamin B

The process that releases digestive enzymes is a. absorption. b. assimilation. c. secretion. d. digestion. e. elimination.

c. secretion

Ducts from the pancreas and liver enter the a. stomach. b. colon. c. small intestine. d. gall bladder. e. rectum.

c. small intestine

The digestion of fats mostly occurs in the a. stomach. b. pancreas. c. small intestine. d. lymph vascular system. e. liver.

c. small intestine.

Chyme is first formed in the a. mouth. b. esophagus. c. stomach. d. small intestine. e. large intestine.

c. stomach.

The lumen of the digestive tract describes a. the movement of food along its length. b. its outer covering. c. the space inside. d. muscular layers. e. the twisted path it follows through the abdomen.

c. the space inside.

Ammonia is converted to ____ by the liver. a. amino acids b. glycogen c. urea d. bile e. digestive enzymes

c. urea

If caloric intake is balanced with energy output, body a. weight gain will occur. b. weight loss will occur. c. weight should remain stable. d. fat content will increase. e. protein will decrease.

c. weight should remain stable.

The healthiest carbohydrates are a. simple sugars. b. disaccharides. c. fruit sugars. d. "complex" carbohydrates e. cane sugars.

d. "complex" carbohydrates

Which of these statements about bile is true? a. About 500 mL is secreted daily. b. Its main function is the denaturation of proteins. c. It is synthesized in the gallbladder. d. Bile salts are recycled.

d. Bile salts are recycled.

Fever increases the body temperature and can induce chills to help cool the temperature back down. What other mechanisms are in place to regulate the body temperature? a. shivering b. sweating c. erection of the hairs on the arms and legs d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs? a. breakdown products of digestion b. distension c. pH of chyme d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of these processes occurs in the mouth? a. ingestion b. mechanical digestion c. chemical digestion d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which system works with the digestive system in maintaining homeostasis? a. circulatory b. respiratory c. urinary d. all of these e. none of these

d. all of these

People who do not eat meat (vegetarians) must choose their food carefully to get the proper kinds and amounts of a. vitamins. b. minerals. c. carbohydrates. d. amino acids. e. fatty acids.

d. amino acids.

The dentist explained that dental caries are caused by a. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. b. yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. c. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins. d. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. e. enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugars.

d. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

Xzafod was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods a. can cause LDL levels to increase. b. can cause HDL levels to decrease. c. can cause fatty acids to build up. d. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. e. can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

d. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ___________. a. neurological disorders b. peritonitis c. vitamin deficiencies d. cardiovascular disease e. asthma

d. cardiovascular disease

Gallstones are made of a. calcium. b. sodium. c. iron. d. cholesterol. e. oxalates.

d. cholesterol.

The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are a. internal bleeding and headaches. b. dehydration and itching. c. diarrhea and itching. d. diarrhea and bloating. e. shortness of breath and bloating.

d. diarrhea and bloating.

A high glycemic index is characteristic of a. saturated fats. b. proteins with essential amino acids. c. low-carbohydrate diets. d. diets rich in sugar. e. starvation.

d. diets rich in sugar.

Which of the following is NOT found in bile? a. salts b. cholesterol c. pigments d. digestive enzymes e. lecithin

d. digestive enzymes

Which of the following organs may be removed without harming the body? a. liver b. pancreas c. heart d. gall bladder e. brain

d. gall bladder

Fats are digested by which of the following? a. aminopeptidase b. disaccharidases c. amylase d. lipase e. trypsin

d. lipase

Which process propels the food down the esophagus into the stomach? a. glycolysis b. plasmolysis c. emulsion d. peristalsis e. all of these

d. peristalsis

During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ________. a. esophageal hiatus b. pyloric antrum c. pyloric canal d. pyloric sphincter

d. pyloric sphincter

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth? a. salivary lipase b. salivary protease c. salivary sucrase d. salivary amylase e. salivary lactase

d. salivary amylase

Digestion of tissues in the stomach wall by gastric juice is usually prevented by a. only the secretion bicarbonate. b. a covering of mucus, exclusively. c. intrinsic factor alone. d. secretion of bicarbonate and a covering of mucus. e. secretion of protein-digesting enzymes in inactive form and a covering of mucus plus intrinsic factor.

d. secretion of bicarbonate and a covering of mucus.

The liver is associated with all of the following functions EXCEPT a. formation of urea. b. formation of bile. c. detoxification of poisons. d. secretion of bicarbonate ions. e. carbohydrate storage.

d. secretion of bicarbonate ions.

Body weight is influenced by a. caloric intake. b. energy utilization. c. level of metabolism. d. age and sex. e. all of these

e. all of these

Chewing a. physically and mechanically breaks up the food. b. aids in forming the food into a consistency suitable for swallowing. c. increases the surface area of food exposed to digestive enzymes. d. actually mixes some enzymes with the food. e. all of these

e. all of these

Most persons in the United States could reduce their intake of a. saturated fat. b. cholesterol. c. salt. d. sugar. e. all of these

e. all of these

Sphincters a. are muscles in circular arrangement. b. prevent backflow. c. are smooth muscles. d. are found at the beginning and end of the stomach. e. all of these

e. all of these

The liver functions to a. produce bile. b. remove toxins ingested in food. c. inactivate hormones. d. process nutrients into required substances. e. all of these

e. all of these

Which of the following are absorbed by the lymphatic system? a. monosaccharides b. amino acids c. monoglycerides d. fatty acids e. both monoglycerides and fatty acids

e. both monoglycerides and fatty acids

The process that excretes undigested and unabsorbed residues is a. absorption. b. assimilation. c. secretion. d. digestion. e. elimination.

e. elimination.

The liver is assured "first choice" of all the nutrients absorbed by the intestine because of the a. hepatic vein. b. common bile duct. c. duodenum. d. hepatic artery. e. hepatic portal vein.

e. hepatic portal vein.

The primary function of the large intestine is the a. storage of nutrients. b. retention of water. c. manufacture of vitamin D. d. digestion of fats. e. removal of water from undigested food.

e. removal of water from undigested food.

Which organ can manufacture most fats the body needs from protein and carbohydrates? a. the spleen b. the stomach c. the skin d. the small intestine e. the liver

e. the liver