Townsend Chapter 14 Table 14-8 Summary of symptoms Associated With the Syndromes of Intoxication and Withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal begins within ---------- from last drink
4-6 hours
Aggressive, impaired judgment, impaired attention, irritability, euphoria, depression, emotional lability, slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, flushed face
Alcohol intoxication
Tremors, nausea/vomiting, malaise, weakness, tachycardia, sweating, elevated blood pressure, anxiety, depressed mood, irritability, hallucinations, headache, insomnia, seizures
Alcohol withdrawal
Fighting, grandiosity, hyper-vigilance, psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, elevated blood pressure, perspiration or chills, nausea and vomiting
Amphetamine and related substances intoxication
Anxiety, depressed mood, irritability, craving for the substance, fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, paranoid and suicidal ideation.
Amphetamine and related substances withdrawal
Withdrawal symptoms usually peak within 2-4 days, although depression and irritability may persist for months. Antidepressants may be used
Amphetamines and related substances
Is contained in coffee, tea, colas, cocoa, chocolate, some over-the-counter analgesics, "cold" preparations, and stimulants
Caffeine
Restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, gastrointestinal complaints, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, cardiac arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, psychomotor agitation
Caffeine intoxication
Headache
Caffeine withdrawal
Intoxication occurs immediately and lasts about 3 hours. Oral ingestion is more slowly absorbed and has longer-lasting effects
Cannabis
Euphoria, anxiety, suspiciousness, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, tachycardia, conjunctival redness, increased appetite, hallucinations
Cannabis intoxication
Restlessness, irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, depressed mood, tremors, fever, chills, headache, stomach pain
Cannabis withdrawal
Large doses of the drug can result in convulsions or death from cardiac arrhythmias or respiratory paralysis.
Cocaine
Euphoria, fighting, grandiosity, hyper vigilance, psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, pupillary dilation, perspiration or chills, nausea/vomiting, hallucinations, delirium
Cocaine intoxication
Depression, anxiety irritability, fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, paranoid or suicidal ideation, apathy, social withdrawal
Cocaine withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal may progress to ------------------ on the 2nd or 3rd day
Delirium tremens
Belligerence, assaultiveness, apathy, impaired judgment, dizziness, nystagmus, slurred speech, unsteady gait, lethargy, depressed reflexes, tremor, blurred vision, stupor or coma, euphoria, irritation around eyes, throat, and nose
Inhalant intoxication
Intoxication occurs within 5 minutes of inhalation. Symptoms last 60 - 90 minutes. Large doses can result in death from CNS depression or cardiac arrhythmia.
Inhalants
Symptoms of withdrawal begin within 24 hours of last drug use and decrease in intensity over days, weeks or sometimes longer.
Nicotine
Craving for the drug, irritability, anger, frustration, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, decreased heart rate, increased appetite, weight gain, tremor, headaches insomnia
Nicotine withdrawal
Euphoria, lethargy, somnolence, apathy, dysphoria, impaired judgment, pupillary constriction, drowsiness, slurred speech, constipation, nausea, decreased respiratory rate and blood pressure
Opioid intoxication
Craving for the drug, nausea/vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation or rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation, piloerection or sweating, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia
Opioid withdrawal
Withdrawal symptoms appear within 6-8 hours after last dose, reach a peak in the 2nd or 3rd day, and subside in 5-10 days. Times are shorter for meperidine and longer with methadone.
Opioids
Delirium can occur within 24 hours after use, or may occur up to a week following recovery from an overdose of the drug
Phencyclidine
Belligerence, assaultiveness, impulsiveness, psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment, nystagmus, increased heart rate and blood pressure, diminished pain response, ataxia, dysarthria, muscle rigidity, seizures, hyperacusis, delirium
Phencyclidine an related substances intoxication
Withdrawal may progress to delirium, usually within 1 week of last use. Long-acting barbiturates or benzodiazepines may be used in withdrawal substitution therapy
Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
Disinhibition of sexual or aggressive impulses, mood lability, impaired judgment, slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, impairment in attention or memory disorientation, confusion
Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics intoxication
Nausea/vomiting, malaise, weakness, tachycardia sweating, anxiety, irritability, orthostatic hypotension, tremor, insomnia, seizures
Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics withdrawal