Traditions & Encounters Chapter 35

Getulio Dornelles Vargas

A dictator of Brazil who turned his nation into an estado novo or "new state." Vargas and his government during the 1930's and 40's embarked on a program of industrialization that created new enterprises. The Vargas regime also implemented protectionist policies that shielded domestic production from foreign competition, which pleased both industrialists and urban workers.

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

Jomo Kenyatta

A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya.

The Long March

greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position

Each of the following statements about Sun Yatsen is true, EXCEPT that

he led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

headed the Muslim League

Which of the following was NOT one of the foundations of Gandhi's philosophy?

heavy industrialization

Marcus Garvey

is a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement.

Augusto César Sandino

led the opposition to the occupation of Nicaragua by U.S. Marines

Jiang Jieshi

(1887-1975) Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party in China. Fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during World War II. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek.

India Act

1935 British Act that transferred to India the institutions of a self governing state.

Estado Novo

The brazilian regime created by Getulio Vargas, 1937-1945. The Estado Novo's industrialization program and general expansion of government activities were typical of mid-1900s nationalist movements.

Pan-Africanism

The unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries.

Guardo National

To remove marines, the U.S trained a Nicaraguan National Guard.

United Fruit Company

U.S. corporation that controlled the banana trade in much of Latin America.

Carmen Miranda

served as the model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company

In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by

the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops

Satyagraha was

Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance.

Inukai Tsuyoshi

In 1932, [this Japanese prime minister] was assassinated. Japanese people who supported military are the ones who murdered him.

Ahimsa

Jain term for the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls.

"Mukden incident"

Japanese blew up their own railroad in Manchuria; blamed it on China. Excuse to go to war with china

Mao Zedong's main rival after 1925 was

Jiang Jieshi

Xuantong

Last Japanese dynasty, emperor of Japan, still a child (also known as Puyi).

Who among the following emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement?

Mao Zedong

Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of

Pakistan

Victor Raul Haya de la Torre

Peruvian politician, philosopher, and author who founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance political movement, the oldest currently existing political party in Peru.

Lazaro Cardenas

President of Mexico who nationalized the oil industry in 1938.

Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in

South Africa

Three Principles of the People summarized the political views of

Sun Yatsen

José Carlos Mariátegui

established the Socialist Party of Peru

The May Fourth Movement

galvanized the Chinese against foreign influence

W. E. B. Du Bois

African American activist and intellectual who championed the movement of American blacks back to Africa.

Anastacio Somoza Garcia

Brutal leader of the U.S. trained Gaurda National in Nicaragua who became president and dictator in 1934.

Who among the following was noted for his "Good Neighbor Policy"?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Guomindang

Chinese Nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen and later led by Jiang Jieshi; it has been centered in Taiwan since the end of the Chinese civil war.

Fidel Castro

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927).

Mumbo Cult

Cult in Kenya during the second decade of the 20th century that rejected Christianity and predicted the disappearance of Europeans from the African continent

Who among the following was an artist who blended artistic vision and radical political ideas in large murals that he created for the appreciation of working people?

Diego Rivera

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War?

Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions.

"dollar diplomacy"

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Gandhi

Fought hard to improve the status of the casteless Untouchables, launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, began the Civil Disobedience Movement, and worked to secure approval of the Government of India Act.

Good Neighbor Policy

Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This reversed Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy. Promoted better relations and strengthen the friendly relations with Latin America.