Traditions & Encounters Chapter 35
Getulio Dornelles Vargas
A dictator of Brazil who turned his nation into an estado novo or "new state." Vargas and his government during the 1930's and 40's embarked on a program of industrialization that created new enterprises. The Vargas regime also implemented protectionist policies that shielded domestic production from foreign competition, which pleased both industrialists and urban workers.
Indian National Congress
A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.
Jomo Kenyatta
A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya.
The Long March
greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position
Each of the following statements about Sun Yatsen is true, EXCEPT that
he led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
headed the Muslim League
Which of the following was NOT one of the foundations of Gandhi's philosophy?
heavy industrialization
Marcus Garvey
is a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement.
Augusto César Sandino
led the opposition to the occupation of Nicaragua by U.S. Marines
Jiang Jieshi
(1887-1975) Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party in China. Fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during World War II. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek.
India Act
1935 British Act that transferred to India the institutions of a self governing state.
Estado Novo
The brazilian regime created by Getulio Vargas, 1937-1945. The Estado Novo's industrialization program and general expansion of government activities were typical of mid-1900s nationalist movements.
Pan-Africanism
The unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries.
Guardo National
To remove marines, the U.S trained a Nicaraguan National Guard.
United Fruit Company
U.S. corporation that controlled the banana trade in much of Latin America.
Carmen Miranda
served as the model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company
In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by
the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops
Satyagraha was
Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance.
Inukai Tsuyoshi
In 1932, [this Japanese prime minister] was assassinated. Japanese people who supported military are the ones who murdered him.
Ahimsa
Jain term for the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls.
"Mukden incident"
Japanese blew up their own railroad in Manchuria; blamed it on China. Excuse to go to war with china
Mao Zedong's main rival after 1925 was
Jiang Jieshi
Xuantong
Last Japanese dynasty, emperor of Japan, still a child (also known as Puyi).
Who among the following emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement?
Mao Zedong
Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of
Pakistan
Victor Raul Haya de la Torre
Peruvian politician, philosopher, and author who founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance political movement, the oldest currently existing political party in Peru.
Lazaro Cardenas
President of Mexico who nationalized the oil industry in 1938.
Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in
South Africa
Three Principles of the People summarized the political views of
Sun Yatsen
José Carlos Mariátegui
established the Socialist Party of Peru
The May Fourth Movement
galvanized the Chinese against foreign influence
W. E. B. Du Bois
African American activist and intellectual who championed the movement of American blacks back to Africa.
Anastacio Somoza Garcia
Brutal leader of the U.S. trained Gaurda National in Nicaragua who became president and dictator in 1934.
Who among the following was noted for his "Good Neighbor Policy"?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Guomindang
Chinese Nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen and later led by Jiang Jieshi; it has been centered in Taiwan since the end of the Chinese civil war.
Fidel Castro
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927).
Mumbo Cult
Cult in Kenya during the second decade of the 20th century that rejected Christianity and predicted the disappearance of Europeans from the African continent
Who among the following was an artist who blended artistic vision and radical political ideas in large murals that he created for the appreciation of working people?
Diego Rivera
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War?
Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions.
"dollar diplomacy"
Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Gandhi
Fought hard to improve the status of the casteless Untouchables, launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, began the Civil Disobedience Movement, and worked to secure approval of the Government of India Act.
Good Neighbor Policy
Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This reversed Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy. Promoted better relations and strengthen the friendly relations with Latin America.
