Trail Guide to the Body Structures of the Shoulders and Arms Chp. 2

A bird's pectoralis majors make what percentage of it's body weight?

20%-35%

What is the best action to ask your partner to perform to feel the supraspinatus contract?

Abduction of the shoulder

Can you name two actions in which the rhomboids and trapezius are synergists and one action in which they are antagonist?

Adduct and elevate the scapula are two synergistic actions, the trapezius upwardly rotates the scapula while the rhomboids downward rotate the scapula

To feel the middle fibers of the Trapezius contract, you could ask your partner to perform which action?

Adduction (retraction) of the Scapula or bring your shoulder up off the table.

The action of the Deltoid's anterior and posterior fibers make it an ________to itself.

Antagonist

The dense quality of the infraspinatus is due to its?

Thick, superficial fascia

The subscapularis tendon can be located between the two tendons of which muscle?

Biceps brachii

The thin sheet of fascia extending from the distal biceps brachii tendon is called the______.

Bicipital aponeurosis

The pectoralis major has the potential to create neurovascular compression on which three vessels?

Brachial Plexus, Axillary Artery, and Axillary Vein

Flexing the shoulder and pulling it anteriorly while you palpate the pectoralis major in a sidelying position has what two benefits?

Brings the pectoralis major off the chest wall, allows breast tissue to fall away.

Trapezius (previously named Musclus Cucullaris) becuase it resembles a monks hood, received its name from?

British anatomist William Cowper

Between which two bony landmarks can the coracoclavicular ligament be located?

Clavicle, and the Coracoid Process

The pectoralis major is divided into three segments:

Clavicular, Sternal, and Costal

The ligamentous arch that protects the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa from direct trauma is formed by the______ligament.

Coracoacromial

As you follow the biceps brachii belly proximally, it becomes deep to which muscle?

Deltoid (anterior fibers)

If you follow the fibers of the pectoralis major laterally, they blend with the fibers of which muscle?

Deltoid fibers

If you follow the fibers of the infraspinatus laterally, they converge underneath which muscle?

Deltoid muscle

An action to ask your partner to perform to feel the levator scapula contract is?

Elevate the scapula

To bring the coracoacromial ligament closer to the surface______the arm.

Extend

How can you position the arm to bring the subacromial bursa forward?

Extend the shoulder

what action could you ask your partner to perform to feel the contraction of the long head of the triceps brachii?

Extend their elbow (against your resistance)

Bilateral contraction of the upper fibers of the Trapezius will create what movement of the head and neck?

Extension

To locate the infraspinatus and Teres Minor tendons in a supine position, how would you position your partner's shoulder?

Flex the shoulder 90^ then horizontally adduct and laterally rotate the shoulder

Can you name an every day function in which you use your pectoralis major?

Giving a hug, doing a push up, and lifting a stack of anatomy books

The four rotator cuff muscle encompass and stabilize the_________joint.

Glenohumeral

What should you do if you partner feels a sharp, shooting sensation down her arm while you are palpating in the axilla?

Immediately release and adjust your position posteriorly

In which two directions do you want to move from the coracoid process to locate the subscapularis tendon?

Inferior and lateral.

Deltiods is antagonist to?

Itself

Most of the serratus anterior is deep to the scapula and which two muscle?

Latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

When accessing the subscapularis from a sidelying position, under what two muscle should you slide your thumbs?

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major

Passive flexion of the shoulder would________the Latissimus Dorsi.

Lenghten the Latissimus Dorsi.

Passive lateral rotation of the shoulder would______the subscapularis.

Lengthen the subscapularis.

Passive abduction of the shoulder would______the teres minor.

Lengthen the teres minor.

What action could you ask your partner to do to gently contract the subscapularis?

Medially rotate the shoulder

Which portion of the Latissimus Dorsi is easy to grasp?

Middle portion

To outline the distal tendon of the triceps brachii, which bony landmark do you want to locate?

Olecranon process

To locate the belly of the coracobrachialis, from which muscle would you slide off and into the axilla?

Pectoralis major

In anatomical position, the coracobrachialis is deep to which two muscles?

Pectoralis major and Anterior Deltoid

Sternalis

Present in roughly 5% of the population

The serratus anterior abducts the scapula, making it a direct antagonist to the?

Rhomboids

When accessing the levator scapula in a supine position, the benefits of rotating the head 45^ away from the side you are palpating include;

Shifts the cervical TVP's further anterior, gives the levator more palpable tension, and shortens and softens the overlying trapezius

Passive lateral rotation of the shoulder would________the Deltoid's posterior fibers.

Shorten the Deltoid's posterior fibers.

Passive medial rotation of the shoulder would________the Latissimus Dorsi and the Teres Major.

Shorten the Latissimus Dorsi and the Teres Major

Passive adduction of the shoulder would________the Teres Major.

Shorten the Teres Major.

Passive elevation of the Scapula would________the Trapezius upper fibers and_________its lower fibers.

Shorten the Trapezius upper fibers, and Lengthen its lower fibers

Passive flexion of the shoulder would________the anterior fibers of the Deltoid.

Shorten the anterior fibers of the Deltoid.

Passive abduction of the shoulder would______the supraspinatus.

Shorten the supraspinatus.

What three bony landmarks can you lay your fingers along to isolate the belly of the infraspinatus?

Spine of the scapula, medial border, lateral border.

The levator scapula is situated between which two muscle on the lateral side of the neck?

Splenius Capitis, Posterior Scalene

The subscapularis is sandwiched between which fossa and which muscle?

Subscapular Fossa, and the Serratus Anterior

The only rotator cuff muscle not involved with rotation of the shoulder is the?

Supraspinatus

The long head of the triceps brachii, weaves between which two muscles before attaching at the infraglenoid tubercle?

Teres major and Teres minor

You can distinguish the teres minor from the teres major by their size and action. Explain.

Teres minor is smaller, the Teres Major medially rotates the shoulder, while the Teres Minor laterally rotates the shoulder

To access the supraspinatus tendon, you need to sink your thumb tip through which muscle?

Through the Deltoid

The Origin of the Deltoid is Identical to the insertion of Which muscle?

Trapezius

To locate the supraspinatus belly, you must palpate through which muscle?

Trapezius (upper fibers)

The Rhomboids are deep to the______muscle and superficial to the ______muscles.

Trapezius, Erector Spinae Muscles

Accessing the medial portion of the serratus anterior by curling your fingers around the medial border of the scapula, your fingers will inherently have to work through the bellies of which two muscle?

Trapezius, and Rhomboids

Can you name an everyday action in which the biceps brachii's ability to supinate the forearm would come in handy?

Turning a doorknob, tightening your gasoline cap, and digging in the sand

What action can you ask your partner to perform in order to contract all fibers of the Deltoid?

abduction the shoulder shoulder group

How can you position the shoulder to bring the belly of the coracobrachialis to a superficial position?

laterally rotate and abduct the shoulder to 45 degrees.

The brachial artery can be located on the medial side of the arm between which two muscles?

Biceps Brachii, and the Triceps Brachii

The upper fiber of the Trapezius elevate the scapula. so the lower fibers must_________the Scapula.

Depress

Passive extension of the shoulder would______the biceps brachii.

Lengthen the biceps brachii.

Passive pronation of the forearm would______the biceps brachii.

Lengthen the biceps brachii. Forearm

Passive abduction of the shoulder would______the coracobrachialis.

Lengthen the coracobrachialis.

Passive medial rotation of the shoulder would______the infraspinatus.

Lengthen the infraspinatus.

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the left would________the left Trapezius upper fibers.

Lengthen the left Trapezius upper fibers

Passive abduction of the Scapula would__________the middle fibers of Trapezius.

Lengthen the middle fibers of Trapezius.

Passive flexion of the shoulder would________the triceps brachii.

Lengthen the triceps brachii.

Which head of the biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular groove?

Long head

The most important aspect when palpating near breast tissue is:

communication

When palpating the Latissimus Dorsi, how can you discern the muscle tissue from the superficial skin?

grasp tissue and let it slip through your fingers; feel for the muscle fibrous texture.

One palpatory distinction between the Teres Major and the Latissimus Dorsi is that the Teres Major attaches to the _________of the Scapula.

lateral border