ultrasound A&P- pathology Q3
in a pt after hysterectomy the normal cuff should not exceed __ cm
2
being external hydrocephalus commonly occurs in children on what age
2-7mnths
simple ov cyst in post menopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than ___cm
3cm
all most common findings associated w/ an Arnold-chiari malformation include caudal displacement of all the following except:
3rd ventricle
post menopause patients an endometrial thickness of less than__ mm reliably excludes an endometrial abnormality
5mm
what term denotes caudal displacement of the cerebellar hemisphere:
Arnold chiari ll
a biological serum tumor marker found in 75% of women w/ OV cancer is
CA125
this may result in a T shaped UT cavity
DES(diethylstilbestrol exposure)
which of the following anomalies is characterized by the presence of a posterior fossa cystic and splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres?
Dandy walker malformation
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
Disorder classified into two types: benign (hydatidiform mole) and malignant.
A mature follicle is known as a ____ follicle
Graafian follicle
endometriosis
Growth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus
a 28 yo woman reports LLQ pain her LMP was 2 weeks earlier. Sonographically the UT body displays a higher echogenic structure in the endometrial cavity. this appearance most likely represents which one of the following conditions?
IUD intrauterine Contraceptive device
chorioadenoma destruens
Invasive mole, A type of cancer that grows into the muscular wall of the uterus
Myomas also known as
Leiomyomas, Uterine Fibroids
Name the gonadotropin responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.
Luteinizing hormone(LH)
characteristics of mutinous cystadenoma
MC cystic tumor, large cystic mass w/ multilocular cystic spaces, unilateral
sagittal scan of the RT adnexa pt has no symptoms most likely diagnosed as
OV dermoid cyst
21 yo female presents with sudden onset of lower abdominal pain Sonography;6cm multiseptated cystic mass w/ good through transmission no flow seen w/ color doppler
OV torsion
which of the following pathologies indicate the ov has twisted on its pedicle?
OV torsion
the partial or complete rotation of the ov pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following:
Ov torsion
what is the most likely explanation for the finding on this sonog
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
which one of the following statements about PID is false
PID accounts for a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancies
T or F choriocarcinoma can follow any type of pregnancy, whereas an invasive mole can only follow a hydatidiform mole
T
T or F dermoid cyst is MC bening GYN tumor?
T
which of the following techniques is the best way to measure the cervical fundal dimension of the UT
Transabdominal
Asherman's Syndrome includes the presence of what?
Uterine synechiae (intrauterine adhesions)
A Gartner Duct Cyst
a benign cyst located within the vagina
A 25-year-old woman complains of painful menstrual cycles and inflammation trans abdominal and trans vaginal img demonstrates a hypoechoic well defined adnexal mass normal ov are seen bilaterally this sonographic appearance most likely represents which one of the following?
a tubo-ovatian abscess
a 24 yo woman has a fever bag discharge and intense pelvic pain. trans abdominal and Transvaginal images demonstrates a complex multiloculated irreg mass in the pouch of Douglas this clinical presentation most likely represents which one of the following?
a tuboovarian abscess
which one of the following descriptions is the most common finding in endometrial carcinoma?
abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, usually w/ irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
mrs smith is 42 yo she went to he doctor complaining of heavy, painful periods, this was a new symptom for her on her pelvic exam the doctor thought her UT felt large, he ordered an U/S which revealed a hypoehoic, heterogeneous large UT the radiologist recommended an MRI for confirmation of what suspected diagnosis?
adenomyosis
Asherman's Syndrome/Synechiae
adhesions of the endometrium
the best sonorgraphic correlation in the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is the combination of no intrauterine pregnancy and which one of the following
adnexal mass
all of the following organs/ offices contribute the menstrual cycle except:
adrenal
which of the following can cause uterine perforation leading to life threatening hemorrhage : chorioadenoma destruens invasive mole penetrating mole
all of the above
which of the following is not a clinical symptom in gestational trophoblastic disease : absence of fetal heart tone exclusion of vesicles hyperemesis pre-clampsia UT bleeding all
all of the above are sympt of GTD
choriocarcinoma is likely to develop from an: ectopic preg, hydatidiform mole, normal term pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, all
all: ectopic preg, hydatidiform mole, normal term pregnancy, spontaneous abortion
which of the following is more severe form of holoprosencephaly, characterized by a single common ventricle and malformation of brain? orbital anomalies range from fused orbits to hypotelorism w/ frequent nasal anomalies and cleating of the lip + palate
alobar
* which of the following lab test can be used as a marker for dysgerminoma
alpha-fetoprotein
sonography of the neonatal brain is evaluated though which one of the following
anterior fontanelle
the most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus is which one of the following?
aqueduct stenosis
the arteries in the uterus that penetrate the myometrium are the:
arcuate arteries
anechoic areas seen b/w the outer and intermediate layers of the myometrium represent:
arcuate vessels
a brief examination of the KD should be done when a pelvic mass is encounter to
asses any degree of hydronephrosis
*what statement about megs syndrome is false
associated w. theca lutein cyst
the junction of the anterior, occipital and temporal horns is called the
atrium (trigone)
Endometrial hyperplasia
benign condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin; frequent cause of bleeding
Leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle (fibroids)
Endometrioma
benign, blood-containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis
dermoid cyst can be confused w/__ and contain ___
bowel hair, teeth, fat
krukenberg tumor are generally associated w/
carcinoma of the GI track
the portion of the brain that lies posterior to the cranial fossa under the tentorium is called which now of the following?
cerebellum
Nina performed a sonogram on Mrs. Jones. On transvaginal sonography, she noted a hypoechoic mass with irregular borders in the area the cervix. The mass appeared to extend posteriorly from the cervix into the wall of the rectum. What was the most likely diagnosis?
cervical carcinoma
which one of the following is most likely the result of an acquired condition w/ obstruction of the cervical canal
cervical stenosis
an increase of a complete hysterectomy is present when an ectopic pregnancy is coated in which of the following
cervix
in which of the following structures might a gartners duct cyst be found
cervix
gestational trophoblastic disease, which involved the presence of diffuse echogenic material extending to the myometrium describes___
chorioadenoma destruens
a malignant, metastatic form of gestational trophoblastic disease is __
choriocarcinoma
an elevated hCG in an non preg woman following a normal term preg is a concern for
choriocarcinoma
the most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease is:
choriocarcinoma
40% of CSF is produced by:
choroid plexus
the largest subarachnoid space demonstrated Sonographically is
cisterna magna
the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease is __
complete mole
A pelvic abscess is will likely appear as which one of the following?
complex cal-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy
which of the following describes the abnormality seen in the left adnexal?
complex cyst
which of the following is a possible finding with a dermoid cyst
complex echogenic components + septationa, fat-fluid level, highly echogenic
which of the following best describes this img
corpus luteum
Patients on Tamoxifen therapy have an increased risk of which one of the following reactions a. Endometrial hyperplasia b. Endometrial polyp c. Endometrial carcinoma d. All of the above reactions
d. All of the above reactions
congenital anomaly of teh 4th ventricle results in which one of the following malformations :
dandy walker
which one of the following statements about interventricular pelvic sonography is true
decrease patient cost
in the event that the sonographer is suspicious for a malignant tumor, she/he should look for all of the following except
decreased vascularity in the sepatations
a pelvic sonogram reveals fluid in the culdesac containing low level echoes, all are potential causes except: dermoid, normal ovulation, ruptured cyst, solid mass in the OV
dermoid
the most common being tumor of the OV is
dermoid
the tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvics is which one of the of the following masses :
dermoid
the following would be considered functional cyst except
dermoid cyst
*a patient presents w/ fever severe pelvic pain and lag discharge she had multiple sex partners which of the following would you not see on US
discrete mass in myometrium
*all of the following are being ov tumors except
dysgerminoma
which one of these terms describes painfull intercourse
dyspareunia
you image an echogenic area with a dirty shadow in the adnexal region. you suspect a dermoid. Which of the following could you do to aid in the diagnosis? A. look for peristalsis B. turn on the structure to see if it elongates C. use a lower frequency transducer to improve resolution D. use color and pulsed doppler to look for vascularity E. A, B and D F. A, C and D
e
acute neonatal brain hemorrhage appears
echogenic
all of the following conditions are associated w/ elevated serum HCG for expected gestational age except: chorioadenoma destruens ectopic preg hydatidiform mole incorrect dates multiple gestations
ectopic pregnancy
a grape like structures noted within UT in a patient w/ a molar pregnancy represent: abnormal decider Basilis edematous chorionic villi edematous uterine vessels fetal tissue theca lutein cyst
edematous chorionic villi
what is the most common cause of post menopausal bleeding?
endometrial atrophy
*"A thin reflective, midline stripe in the UT"describes the sonographic appearance of the :
endometrial canal
which of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometium w/ a vascular pedicle feeding it
endometrial polyp
the structure being measured in the above image Is)_____
endometrial stripe thickness
which of the following is a localized tumor of endometriosis
endometrioma
which of the following is a localized tumor of the endometriosis most frequent found in the ov, cal-de-sac, retrovaginal septum, and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the UT?
endometrioma
a common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the UT is :
endometriosis
adenomyosis is considered to be a form go which of the following?
endometriosis
which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false
endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography
Depending on the menstrual cycle, the inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound is which one of the following structures?
endometrium
*A patient presents w/ a hx of infertility, dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. which of the following would most likely be seen on her sonogram?
enlarged OV w/ peripheral follicles
a patient presents w/ a hx of infertility and is currently taking fertility drugs, her abdomen is distended. which of the following would be a finding on U/S
enlarged ov, FF, multiple cystic structures, hypervascularity
ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in which one of the following structures
fallopian tibes
*a physiologic cyst may demonstrate internal echoes due to
fat and hemorrhage
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____________ syndrome.
fitz-hugh-curtis
* which of the following cysts occur when a dominant follicle does not succeed in a ovulation but remains active although immature
follicular
Functional cysts include
follicular, corpus luteum, theca-lutein
what is a large space btw the cranial bones that have not yet fused
fontanelles
early in the disease, the clinal presentation of both PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following ?
functional bowel disease
*you are performing a pelvic exam on a 34yo woman for pelvic pain who is approx mid cycle. during the course of the exam you discover an anechoic mass in the vagina what is the most likely explanation
gartner duct cyst
the periventricular tissue, which may bleed before 32weeks gestation is the
germinal matrix
Adenomyosis is the
growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus
convolutions on the surface of the brain are called which one of the following
gyri
theca-lutein cyst are associated w/ higher levels of which one of the following hormones
hCG(human chorionic gonadotropin
46 yo female is referred for a TRVAG for LLQ pain, LMP was 28days ago. the most likely explanation for the U/S findings is
hemorrhagic cyst
on U/S the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is ___
heterogeneous
the primary brain vesicle. rhombencephalon, is located in which one of the following:
hindbrain
which of the following terms describes excessive hair growth in a women
hirsutism
cyclopia is associated w/ which one of the following:
holoprosencephaly
fused thalami are associated w/
holoprosencephaly
which of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle
holoprosencephaly
this patient presents w. high elevated hCG UT enlarge for dates, & hyperemesis image presents :
hydatidiform mole
what is defined as ventriculomegaly in the neonate; abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles, resulting in compression and frequently destruction of the brain tissue
hydrocephalus
an asymptomatic 32yo woman is diagnosed w/ a left adnexal mass on a physical exam. a hx of PID has been reported trans abdominal and Transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower quadrant this finding most likely represents which one of the following
hydrosalpinx
what is the most likely diagnosis identified by the calipers on this trans abdominal pelvic sonogram
hydrosalpinx
on ultrasound, the skeletal muscle of the abdomen and pelvis appear___ compared to their surrounding structures
hypoechoic
hydrosalpinx can be described as all of the following except
hypoechoic w/ shadowing artifact
you are scanning a woman who is in her reproductive years. as you scan you notice a mass lateral the urinary bladder? you know that a large muscle is located lateral to the urinary bladder. what muscle is represented by:
iliopsoas
this statement is true regarding nabothian cyst
indicate chronic cervicitis
which one of the following statements about infertility is false
infertility affects one in three couples in the USA
the area in which the fall cerebri sits that separates the two hemispheres in which one of the following?
interhemispheric fissure
the most potentialy life threatening ectopic gestation is which one of the following?
interstitial
which one of the following is the most common site for a leiomyoma to occur?
intramural
Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
involves the myometrium
which of the following is true of a dysgerminoma
is a malignant tumor that is solid and counterpart of the seminoma in the testes
which of the following statements about a pseudo gestational sac is false?
is eccentrically located within the endometrium
which of the following is not true regarding a dermoid cyst:
is the most common malignant GY tumor
clinical sign of a 32yo woman w/ a enlarged UT on a physical examination and a hx of cystic profuse and prolonged bleeding w/ increasing pain most likely represents which one of the following
leiomyoma
what is the most common UT tumor?
leiomyoma
a 53 yo post menopausal woman is referred for a pelvic Sonographer to evaluate an enlarging pelvis mass, the sonogram demonstrates a rapidly growing fibroid w/ heretogeneous appearance. what is the most likely diagnosis?
leiomyosarcoma
the thickness of the endometrium should be measured in which one of the following planes?
longitudinal
subserosal
mass lies under the serosal (outermost) layer of the uterus
the brain coverings are known as which one of the following?
meninges
recurrent mole Is treated w/ which of the following : antibiotics d&c methotrexate chemotherapy
methotrexate
sexually transmitted PID is spread via which one of the following?
mucosa
a bicornuate UT is a congenital malformation caused by incomplete fusion of which structures during embryogenesis
mullerian ducts
the most common cause of UT calcification is which one of the following ?
myomas
complications in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located in or near which of the following structures?
near the crx
increase risk of massive hemorrhage in an ectopic pregnancy is also called
near the uterine cornua
first trimester molar pregnancy will sono similar to all of the following except: blighted ovum degenerating fibroid hydropic placenta missed abortion normal IUP
normal IUP
findings in an ectopic pregnancy include all of the following except
normal increase of beta hCG levels
which 3 mechanism account for the development of hydrocephalus?
outflow obstruction, decrease absorption and over production
65 yo female presents w/ abdominal bloating and abdominal pain CA215 is elevated Sonog: 25cm complex adnexal mass w/ thick spetations and multiple papillary projections, ascites
ov carcinoma
which of the following pathologies may lead to an elevation of CA-125
ov carcinoma
a 17yo female represents to the ER w/ acute sever pelvic pain. U/S shows an enlarged ov w/ no color doppler flow the img is most consistent w/
ov torsion
which of the following produces the hormones estrogen and progesterone in females?
ovarian follicles
dysmenorrhea is
pain associated with menstruation
dyspareunia
painful in
Dysuria is?
painful urination
which one of the following is an infection within the UT serosa board ligament
parametritis
this type of molar pregnancy develps when two sperms fertilize an egg
partial mole
the Fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine which one of the following characteristic
patency
Symmetrical bilateral pelvic masses are likely to be which one of the following a. Ovarian cysts b. Uterine fibroids c. Pelvic muscles d. Iliac vessels
pelvic muscle
inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following
peritonitis
the most fatal form of GTD is
placental site trophoblastic tumor
23 yo obese female presents w/ amenorrhea and hirsutism Sonograph: bilateral enlarged ov w/ multiple small cyst in the periphery go the ov
poly cystic disease
which of the following pathologies would be best likely to cause abdominal distention?
polycystic ov syndrome
what is the most likely diagnose of this ovary
polycystic ovarian disease
which one of the following disease would most likely be associated w/ hirsutism?
polycystic ovarian syndrome
arcuate artery calcifications are observed in patients who are
post menopausal
sonographic criteria for a simple ov cyst includes all of the following except:
posterior shadowing
the doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak dividing the highest systolic peak is which of the following
pourcelot resistive index
the endometrium demonstrates the 3 line sign in the
proliferative phase
If the peritoneal cavity becomes filled w/ a gelatinous ascites from a rupture mutinous tumor, its known as
pseudomyxoma perionei
malignant Ov tumors may leak mucious material. this condition is known as
pseudomyxoma peritonei
A complex adnexal mass most likely represents
pyosalpinx
which one of the following is an infection in the Fallopian tube?
salpingitis
the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity in which one of the following
secretory
the uterine anomaly most frequent associated w/ a high incidence of infertility is a ___ UT
septate
*the uterine anomaly most frequently associated w/ a high incidence of infertility is a __ UT
septate UT
what is the name of the structure that forms b/w the corpus callous and the anterior horn or lateral ventricle
septum pellucidum
28 yr female w/ abdominal distention and irregular vag bleeding. which of the following is most consistent w/ this image
serous cystadenoma
which one of the following is the most common cause of PID
sexually transmitted disease
heterotypic preg is which one of the following
simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine preg
rick factor in pelvic inflammation disease PID include all of the following except
single sexual partner
characteristics of simple OV cyst
smooth walls, anechoic, acoustic enhancement
which one of the following techniques uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity with the insertion of saline or contrast media to fill the endometrial cavity demonstrate abnormalities within the cavity or UT tube
sonohysterography
which one of the following techniques uses a catheter into the endometrial cavity with the insertion of saline or contrast media to fill the endometrial cavity to demonstrate abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tube?
sonohysterography
Hydrometra appears sonographically as:
sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal
which one of the following is most likely the result of a caudotalamic grove hemorrhage?
subependymal cyst
*which one of the following locations of a fibroid will mostlikely cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding?
submucosal
which of the following is not s differential diagnosis for a TOA on US
submucosal myoma
The two ovoid brain structures located on either side of the third ventricle superior to the brainstem make up the _____.
thalami
menarche may be defined as which one of the following
the state after reaching puberty during which menses occur every 21-28 days
which one of the following statements about teh Fallopian tube us false
the tube is best seen transabd
the following pelvic sono is from a pt who has a beta hCG of 200,000 this img of the adnexa represents :
theca lutein cyst
what OV mass is commonly associated with a molar preg: dermoid cyst mutinous cystadenocarcinoma serous cystadenoma theca lutein cyst
theca lutein cyst
a mutinous cystadenoma is all of the following except
thick w. irreg walls and septations
the dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following US signs
tip of the iceberg
submucosal
under the mucous membrane
Endometrial hyperplasia develops from which one of the following?
unopposed estrogen stimulation
a hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes which one of the following?
uterine synechiae
bicornuate uterus
uterus with two horns
periventricular leukomalacia is defined as which one of the following :
white matter necrosis
which of the following is MC associated w/ abnormal neurodevelopment in sick newborns?
white matter necrosis
risk factors for hydatidiform mole include all of the following except
women who had PID