Ultrasound Review: The Urinary Tract
A renal scar most likely appears as:
A echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma
Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?
ADPKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease)
Infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as:
ARPKD (autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease)
What renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by, and thus associated with hemodialysis?
Acquired Renal Cystic Disease
Which of the following is the most common cause of ARF (acute renal failure)
Acute tubular necrosis
What is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst?
Asymptomatic
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD?
Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys
The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is:
Candida Albicans
Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as:
Compensatory hypertrophy
A female patient presents with a history of leukocytosis, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and hematuria. Sonographically, the kidneys appear normal, although the bladder wall measures 6mm in the distended state. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cystitis
All of the following are clinical findings of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) EXCEPT:
Decreased BUN and creatinine
Which of the following is the most common cause of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)?
Diabetes Mellitus
A bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as:
Dromedary Hump
The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is:
Duplicated collecting system
Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed:
Exophytic
Which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria?
Hemorrhagic Renal Cyst
Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following EXCEPT:
Hypercalcemia (overactive parathyroid glands)
Which of the following would NOT be a typical clinical feature of renal transplant failure?
Hypotension
The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the:
Left Renal Vein
Suspicion of cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures:
Less than 1 cm
What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney?
Pelvis
The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed:
Pyonephrosis
The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as:
Renal Capsule
What is the most likely location of TCC (transitional cell carcinoma) in the kidney?
Renal Pelvis
Sonographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by CRF will appear:
Smaller in size and more echogenic
All of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst except:
Smooth Walls
Which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with a complete ureteral duplication?
The upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele
The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is:
Tuberous Sclerosis
Which of the following is NOT considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?
Ureteral Stricture
Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?
Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra)
Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following EXCEPT:
Weight Loss
A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as a:
Staghorn Calculus
What is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?
Ureterovesicular Junction
The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts and adrenal tumors us:
von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Which of the following would be considered the most common solid renal mass?
Angiomyolipoma
Which of the following would be a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis?
Ascites