Nutrition - Energetics

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value used to calculate the energy content of carbohydrates and proteins

4 kcal/g

value used to calculate energy content of alcohol

7 kcal/g

value used to calculate energy content of fats

9 kcal/g

What is BMI

A measure of weight for height

TEF is the energy used for...

Digesting, absorbing, and metabolizing food

Energy In= BMR + TEF + PA

Energy balance, since energy consumed equals energy expended fat stores stay the same

Indirect calorimetry measures heat produced by a person or animal sealed in a themal chamber. T or F?

False

PA increases for a particular exercise as a person gets in better shape. T or F?

False

Vodka provides 4 kcal per gram. T or F

False. Alcohol provides 0 kcal per gram

Dietary fat is oxidized for energy within a few hours of being consumed at a meal. T or F?

False. Fat can be stored

In direct calorimetry, the amount of Oxygen consumed and the CO2 produced is measured. T or F?

False. This is done in indirect calorimetry

Fat can be converted to protein. T or F?

False. This macronutrient interconversion is not possible.

BMI of 23

Healthy Weight

BMI of 37

Obese

BMI of 28

Overweight

If Energy In is greater than BMR + TEF + PA then...

The extra kcal will go into storage as body fat.

A given individual will have more or less genetic tendency toward obesity, but it is still necessary to consume more calories than you burn in order to store fat. T or ?

True

BMI of 17

Underweight

energy requiring reactions that combine simple molecules into more complex molecules

anabolic

indirect calorimetry

determining energy expenditure by measuring CO2 expelled and O2 consumed

direct calorimetry

determining the energy expenditure by measuring heat production

catabolic

energy releasing reactions in which substances are broken down

the body stores this in adipose tissue

fat

the body stores glucose in this form so that it can regenerate it later

glycogen

leptin

hormone produced by fat cells

this compound is a result of the normal catabolism of fat

ketone

unit of heat

kilocalorie

unit of work

kilojoule

What is the greatest determinant of BMR?

lean body mass

Energy In< BMR + TEF + PA

negative energy balance, energy is taken out of fat storage

Energy In> BMR + TEF + PA

positive energy balance, the extra energy goes into fat storage

the body cannot store this macronutrient in this form

protein

Thermic effect of food (TEF)

the energy required for the digestion and processing of food

visceral fat

the fat found around internal organs

satiety

the feeling of fullness

energy contained in chemical bonds

the heat released by burning a food is equivalent to this

Physical Activity (PA)

the metabolic cost of external work (exercise and functions of daily life)

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

the minimum amount of energy that the body needs to maintain itself

Lean body mass (LBM)

the part of the body that is not made of fat or bone

chemical energy

this form of energy is captured in ATP

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

what is usually measured instead of BMR due to the inconvenience of measuring BMR

starvation

when food intake is severely reduced over a long period of time

fasting

when someone does not eat for a period of hours or days

A single bout of exercise

will cause a one-time increase in PA

An increase in lean body mass

will cause an on-going increase in BMR


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