Nutrition - Energetics
value used to calculate the energy content of carbohydrates and proteins
4 kcal/g
value used to calculate energy content of alcohol
7 kcal/g
value used to calculate energy content of fats
9 kcal/g
What is BMI
A measure of weight for height
TEF is the energy used for...
Digesting, absorbing, and metabolizing food
Energy In= BMR + TEF + PA
Energy balance, since energy consumed equals energy expended fat stores stay the same
Indirect calorimetry measures heat produced by a person or animal sealed in a themal chamber. T or F?
False
PA increases for a particular exercise as a person gets in better shape. T or F?
False
Vodka provides 4 kcal per gram. T or F
False. Alcohol provides 0 kcal per gram
Dietary fat is oxidized for energy within a few hours of being consumed at a meal. T or F?
False. Fat can be stored
In direct calorimetry, the amount of Oxygen consumed and the CO2 produced is measured. T or F?
False. This is done in indirect calorimetry
Fat can be converted to protein. T or F?
False. This macronutrient interconversion is not possible.
BMI of 23
Healthy Weight
BMI of 37
Obese
BMI of 28
Overweight
If Energy In is greater than BMR + TEF + PA then...
The extra kcal will go into storage as body fat.
A given individual will have more or less genetic tendency toward obesity, but it is still necessary to consume more calories than you burn in order to store fat. T or ?
True
BMI of 17
Underweight
energy requiring reactions that combine simple molecules into more complex molecules
anabolic
indirect calorimetry
determining energy expenditure by measuring CO2 expelled and O2 consumed
direct calorimetry
determining the energy expenditure by measuring heat production
catabolic
energy releasing reactions in which substances are broken down
the body stores this in adipose tissue
fat
the body stores glucose in this form so that it can regenerate it later
glycogen
leptin
hormone produced by fat cells
this compound is a result of the normal catabolism of fat
ketone
unit of heat
kilocalorie
unit of work
kilojoule
What is the greatest determinant of BMR?
lean body mass
Energy In< BMR + TEF + PA
negative energy balance, energy is taken out of fat storage
Energy In> BMR + TEF + PA
positive energy balance, the extra energy goes into fat storage
the body cannot store this macronutrient in this form
protein
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
the energy required for the digestion and processing of food
visceral fat
the fat found around internal organs
satiety
the feeling of fullness
energy contained in chemical bonds
the heat released by burning a food is equivalent to this
Physical Activity (PA)
the metabolic cost of external work (exercise and functions of daily life)
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
the minimum amount of energy that the body needs to maintain itself
Lean body mass (LBM)
the part of the body that is not made of fat or bone
chemical energy
this form of energy is captured in ATP
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
what is usually measured instead of BMR due to the inconvenience of measuring BMR
starvation
when food intake is severely reduced over a long period of time
fasting
when someone does not eat for a period of hours or days
A single bout of exercise
will cause a one-time increase in PA
An increase in lean body mass
will cause an on-going increase in BMR
