Ultrasound| Penny| Ch. 2| Liver
Kupffer cells
specialized macrophages w/in the liver that engulf pathogens and damaged cells
anastomosis
surgical connection between two structures
portal vein thrombosis
the development of a clot within the portal vein
mass effect
the displacement or alteration of normal anatomy that is located adjacent to a tumor
portal hypertension
the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system
fibrosis
the formation of excessive fibrous tissue; the development of scar tissue w/in an organ
pyogenic liver abscess
the liver abscess that can result from the spread of infection from inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and endocarditis
hepatoma
the malignant tumor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
cavernous hemangioma
the most common benign liver tumor
hepatocellular carcinoma
the primary form of liver cancer
bare area
the region of the liver not covered by peritoneum
starry sky sign
the sonographic sign associated with the appearance of periportal cuffing in which there is an increased echogenicity of the walls of the portal triads
Glisson capsule
the thin fibrous casing of the liver
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
therapy for portal hypertension that involves the placement of a stent between the portal veins and hepatic veins to reduce pressure
normal flow w/in the hepatic veins is said to be
triphasic
serpiginous
twisted or snakelike pattern
jaundice
yellowish discoloration of the skin, found in liver disease or biliary obstruction
shortened PT
extrahepatic duct obstruction
sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of:
fatty liver disease
Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar?
focal nodular hyperplasia
cystic fibrosis
genetic disorder linked with the development of scar tissue accumulation within the lungs, liver, pancreas, kidneys and/or intestines
Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the:
hepatic veins
Which is the most common reason for a liver transplant
hepatitis C
AFP
hepatocellular carcinoma hepatoblastoma
dysentery
infection of the bowel which leads to diarrhea that may contain mucus and/or blood
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
The main portal vein divides into
left and right branches
The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the
ligamentum teres
shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the:
ligamentum venosum
normal flow w/in the hepatic artery should demonstrate a:
low resistance wave form pattern, with a quick upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole
focal fatty sparing
manifestation of fatty liver disease in which an area of the liver is spared from fatty infiltration
focal fatty infiltration
manifestation of fatty liver disease in which fat deposits are localized
The left portal vein divides into:
medial and lateral branches
The left lobe of the liver can be divided into
medial and lateral segments
prolonged PT
metastasis of the liver and hepatitis
The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed
13mm
The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the:
middle hepatic vein
The main lobar fissure contains
middle hepatic vein
porta hepatis
AKA liver hilum
ALP increase
Cirrhosis extrahepatic biliary obstruction gallstones hepatitis metastatic liver disease pancreatic carcinoma
von Gierke disease
Condition in which the body does not have the ability to break down glycogen; also referred to as glycogen storage disease type 1
the covering of the liver is referred to as?
Glisson capsule
Right sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the:
IVC and hepatic veins
pseudocirrhosis
nodular appearance of the liver caused by multiple metastatic tumors
All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except: MPV, CBD, HA, MHV
MHV (middle hepatic vein)
the ligamentum teres can be used to separate the
Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe
The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as
Papillary process
A tongue-like extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed
Riedel lobe
Which of the following is true about the portal veins
portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins
caput medusa
recognizable dilation of the superficial veins of the abdomen
The right intersegmental fissure contains the:
right hepatic vein
The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the:
right hepatic vein
focal nodular hyperplasia
a benign liver mass composed of a combination of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue that typically contains a central scar
hepatocellular adenoma
a benign liver mass often associated with the use of oral contraceptives
hepatic encephalopathy
a condition in which a patient becomes confused or suffers from intermittent loss of consciousness secondary to the overexposure of the brain to toxic chemicals that the liver would normally remove from the body
Wilson disease
a congenital disorder that causes body to accumulate excess copper
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs, including the skull, tongue and liver
hepatic candidiasis
a hepatic mass that results from the spread of fungus in the blood to the liver
echinococcal cyst hydatid liver cyst
a liver cyst that develops from a tapeworm that lives in dog feces
diaphragmatic slip
a pseudomass of the liver seen on sonography resulting from hypertrophied diaphragmatic muscle bundles
fatty liver hepatic steatosis
a reversible disease characterized by deposits of fat w/in the hepatocytes
Budd-Chiari syndrome
a syndrome described as the occlusion of the hepatic veins, with possible co-existing occlusion of the IVC
Riedel lobe
a tonguelike extension of the right hepatic lobe
steatohepatitis
a type of fatty liver disease that causes inflammation of the liver
The most common cause of cirrhosis is:
alcoholism
Which of the following is typically transmitted through contaminated water found in places such as Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, India and Africa?
amebic liver abscess
arteriovenous fistula
an abnormal passageway between an artery and a vein
amebic hepatic abscess
an abscess that develops from a parasite that grows in the colon and invades the liver via the portal vein
sequela
an illness resulting from another disease, trauma or injury
periportal cuffing
an increase in the echogenicity of the portal triads as seen in hepatitis and other conditions
hemochromatosis
an inherited disease characterized by disproportionate absorption of dietary iron
von Hippel-Lindau disease
an inherited disease that includes the development of cysts w/in the liver, pancreas and other organs
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
an inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts late in life; also referred to as adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
The right portal vein divides into
anterior and posterior branches
The right lobe of the liver can be divided into
anterior and posterior segments
The TIPS shunt is placed:
between a portal vein and a hepatic vein
ALT increase
biliary tract obstruction hepatitis hepatocellular disease obstructive jaundice
hepatofugal
blood flow away from the liver
hepatopetal
blood flow toward the liver
kernicterus
brain damage from bilirubin exposure in a newborn with jaundice
Albumin decrease
chronic liver disease cirrhosis
AST increase
cirrhosis fatty liver hepatitis metastatic liver disease
LDH increase
cirrhosis hepatitis obstructive jaundice
cirrhosis
condition defined as hepatocyte death, fibrosis and necrosis of the liver, and the subsequent development of regenerating nodules
GGT increase
diffuse liver disease
autoimmune disorders
disorders in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy tissues and/or organs
Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include:
elevated liver function tests
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
