Understanding Pathophysiology (Heuther) Module 13 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

A urologist is describing a procedure that uses ultrasound waves to break large renal calculi into smaller stones that can be passed through the urinary tract. Which procedure is the urologist discussing?

lithotripsy

A patient with nephrotic syndrome asks the nurse what causes the edema. How should the nurse respond? The edema results from:

loss of plasma proteins in the urine

A nurse is describing a glomerular disorder. Which disease is the nurse discussing?

nephrotic syndrome

Which of the following terms will the nurse use to describe bladder dysfunction caused by a neurological disorder?

neurogenic bladder

A patient has an overactive bladder. While the nurse is reading the history, which data will help confirm the diagnosis of overactive bladder?

nocturia

If a patient's right kidney becomes blocked/obstructed, what will the nurse suspect will happen in the patient's left kidney?

obligatory and compensatory growth

A nurse assesses a patient with chronic renal failure for osteomalacia and spontaneous bone fractures because:

of a vitamin D deficiency.

If a patient has acute renal failure or acute kidney injury, which primary assessment finding will the nurse observe initially?

oliguria

A patient with cystitis has dysuria. Which of the following assessment findings are consistent with dysuria?

painful urination

Which statement indicates the nurse has a good understanding of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis? A symptom that manifests with both urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis is:

painful urination

A patient has bladder cancer. Which assessment finding is most typical for this patient?

Painless hematuria

A patient had both kidneys obstructed but is now unobstructed and urinating large amounts of urine. What term should the nurse use to describe this process?

Postobstructive diuresis

A patients glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 13 ml/min. Which stage of chronic kidney disease is the patient experiencing?

Stage V

A patient has an obstruction of urine flow in the lower urinary tract. After the patient voids what equipment should the nurse have ready?

Urinary catheterization kit

A patient has pyelonephritis from chronic backup of urine into the ureters and kidneys. Which predisposing factor does this patient have for pyelonephritis?

Vesicoureteral reflux

Which of the following patients is most at risk for the development of renal cell carcinoma?

a male obese patient

A patient has acute renal failure. What is another term the nurse can use to describe this condition?

acute kidney injury

A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease. Which substance should the nurse discuss?

angiotensin II

Which of the following indicates the nurse needs more instruction regarding chronic renal failure? A cause of chronic renal failure is:

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

The nurse is describing the pathophysiology of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include? The cause of this type of glomerulonephritis is:

antigen-antibody complexes that deposit on the glomerular membrane

The nurse recalls a major modifiable risk factor for the development of renal calculi in the general population is:

dehydration

A patient has IgA nephropathy (Berger disease). What classic finding will the nurse assess for in this patient?

hematuria after a GI viral infection

Which principle should the nurse use to guide nursing care for a patient with an upper urinary tract obstruction? A consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction is:

hydronephrosis

A patient has a dilated ureter from an obstructed upper urinary tract. Which term will the nurse use to describe this condition?

hydroureter

Which of the following complications associated with renal failure should cause the nurse to notify the primary care provider for immediate dialysis?

hyperkalemia

A patient has nephrotic syndrome. Which lab results will the nurse observe for this patient?

hyperlipidemia

A patient has prerenal acute renal failure/acute kidney injury. What does the nurse suspect caused this condition?

hypovolemia

A patient has chronic pyelonephritis. What does the nurse suspect occurred in the patients body?

kidney infection

A nurse is teaching about end stage renal failure. Which information should the nurse include? End stage renal failure refers to a decline in renal function to ____ or less of normal.

10%

A patient has acute kidney injury. Which principle should the nurse use to guide nursing care?

Carefully monitor fluid and electrolyte balance

A nurse is describing the following conditions: detrusor hyperreflexia, vescicosphincter dyssynergia, and detrusor areflexia/acontractile. Which type of urinary disorder is the nurse discussing?

Neurogenic bladder

Which patient is most prone to cystitis?

Diabetic woman with an indwelling catheter

Which of the following data can help the nurse determine the severity of a patient's urinary tract obstruction?

Duration of the blockage

For a patient with chronic renal failure, which of the following hormones often needs to be therapeutically replaced?

Erythropoietin

While the nurse is reviewing lab results, the nurse observes a patient has developed a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which microorganism did the nurse most likely observe on the report?

Escherichia coli

Which of the following concepts should the nurse include when describing the pathophysiology for chronic renal disease?

Glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and proteinuria

A patient with glomerulonephritis has nephritic type sediment. What will the nurse observe in the urine?

Hematuria with red cell casts

A patient has renal cell carcinoma that is confined to the kidney capsule. What stage is the patients cancer?

I

A nurse is asked why hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?

Loss of albumin stimulates lipoprotein synthesis by the liver and hyperlipidemia

A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of obstruction of the lower urinary tract. Which information should the nurse include? Obstruction of the lower urinary tract in males is often caused by:

prostate enlargement

A patient has chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease. Which of the following dietary nutrients should be restricted in this patient's diet?

protein

Which lab finding will alert the nurse that the patient is experiencing nephrotic syndrome? Extreme loss of _____ in the urine.

protein

While the nurse is reviewing lab results, what would the urinalysis show in a patient who is developing glomerular disease?

proteinuria

A nurse recalls the main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is:

renal colic

A nurse is reviewing lab results and notices that the renal function is impaired to 25% of normal functioning. Which term will the nurse use to describe this condition?

renal insufficiency

What type of diet will the nurse encourage for a patient with nephrotic syndrome?

salt restricted

A patient has uremic frost. Which area is most important for the nurse to assess?

skin

Which patient is most at risk for developing bladder cancer? A patient who:

smokes

A patient has a loss of urine when laughing or sneezing. Which type of incontinence does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

stress

A patient has a sudden and strong desire to urinate that is associated with involuntary contractions of the detrusor. Which type of incontinence is this patient experiencing?

urge

Which statement indicates the nurse has a good understanding of renal calculi? Renal calculi can be formed from:

uric acid.

Which patient is most prone to the development of pyelonephritis? A patient with:

urinary reflux

A patient has a suspected urinary tract infection. Which lab is most important for the nurse to obtain?

urine culture