Unit 3: First 5 Presidents & the Age of Jackson
George Washington
1st President of the United States (1789-1797); commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
John Adams
2nd President of the United States (1797-1801). Wanted to keep the U.S. neutral; supported the Alien & Sedition Acts.
Thomas Jefferson
3rd President of the United States (1801-1809). Wrote the Declaration of Independence.
James Madison
4th President of the United States (1809-1817). Father of the Constitution; led the U.S. through the War of 1812.
James Monroe
5th President of the United States (1817-1825). Author of the Monroe Doctrine.
John Quincy Adams
6th President of the United States (1825-1829)
Andrew Jackson
7th President of the United States (1829-1837). A major general during the War of 1812 leading America to a great victory at the Battle of New Orleans
Asylum Movement
A movement that began in the 1840s in an effort to change the way that people approached the mentally ill and improved the way the mentally ill were treated.
American System
A plan for a self-sufficient, but regionally specialized, national economy that included education and transportation. Created by Henry Clay
Nullification Crisis
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the State of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - Tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.
Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams
Accused of making a "Corrupt Bargain" in 1824 Presidential election.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government.
Precedents
An earlier event/action that is regarded as an example to help guide future decisions/relations.
Democratic-Republicans
An early political party that favored limits on the power of the National Government
Temperance Movement
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption.
Spoils System
Andrew Jackson's ways of placing friends or loyalists into government positions.
George Washington: Precedents
Cabinet system, 2 term tradition, & proper Presidential title.
Fedralists
Favored a Strong National Government
Jacksonians
Followers who supported Andrew Jackson.
Monroe Doctrine
Foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere.
Reasons for the War of 1812 (1812-1815)
Great Britain support of Native Americans hostilities along the frontier, Impressment of American Sailors & Growth of the U.S. borders by conquering British Canada.
William Lloyd Garrison
Important & vocal abolitionist and the editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator".
Sectionalism
Is loyalty to one's own region of the country and is only concerned about specific matters in that region, instead of worrying about matters that pertain to the whole nation.
Battle of New Orleans, 1815
Last major battle of the War of 1812; making Andrew Jackson a national hero and propelling him later to the presidency.
Horace Mann
Man responsible for bringing important educational reforms to Massachusetts.
Abolitionism
Movement to eradicate human bondage (slavery)
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River in support for white settlement.
Anti-Federalists
People who opposed the Constitution. Wanted a Bill of Rights added.
Frederick Douglass
Was a self-educated slave/Abolitionist who was the editor of The North Star.
Whiskey Rebellion
1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by angry backcountry farmers.
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River
2nd Great Awakening
Religious movement that promoted Spritual Revival & the need for social reforms.
Nat Turner
Responsible for leading a major slave rebellion killing over 50 whites, resulting in harsher slave codes.
Goal of the Lewis & Clark Expedition
Search for a water route to the Pacific Ocean, establish relationships with the Native Americans, & to pay close attention to the soil and take notes on nature.
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain in the War of 1812.
Trail of Tears
Term used to describe the path the Cherokee took on their way to Oklahoma, which resulted in the death of many Cherokee Indians due to disease and starvation.
Impressment
The British policy of taking American ships and forcing sailors to serve in the British navy.
Tariff of Abominations
The Tariff of 1828 referred to by Southerners.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
These resolutions condemned the Alien & Sedition Acts and stated that they were violating constitutional rights.
Manifest Destiny
This philosophy meant that the United States was set apart to extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean.