Unit 3: First 5 Presidents & the Age of Jackson

George Washington

1st President of the United States (1789-1797); commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.

John Adams

2nd President of the United States (1797-1801). Wanted to keep the U.S. neutral; supported the Alien & Sedition Acts.

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States (1801-1809). Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

James Madison

4th President of the United States (1809-1817). Father of the Constitution; led the U.S. through the War of 1812.

James Monroe

5th President of the United States (1817-1825). Author of the Monroe Doctrine.

John Quincy Adams

6th President of the United States (1825-1829)

Andrew Jackson

7th President of the United States (1829-1837). A major general during the War of 1812 leading America to a great victory at the Battle of New Orleans

Asylum Movement

A movement that began in the 1840s in an effort to change the way that people approached the mentally ill and improved the way the mentally ill were treated.

American System

A plan for a self-sufficient, but regionally specialized, national economy that included education and transportation. Created by Henry Clay

Nullification Crisis

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the State of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - Tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.

Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams

Accused of making a "Corrupt Bargain" in 1824 Presidential election.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government.

Precedents

An earlier event/action that is regarded as an example to help guide future decisions/relations.

Democratic-Republicans

An early political party that favored limits on the power of the National Government

Temperance Movement

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption.

Spoils System

Andrew Jackson's ways of placing friends or loyalists into government positions.

George Washington: Precedents

Cabinet system, 2 term tradition, & proper Presidential title.

Fedralists

Favored a Strong National Government

Jacksonians

Followers who supported Andrew Jackson.

Monroe Doctrine

Foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere.

Reasons for the War of 1812 (1812-1815)

Great Britain support of Native Americans hostilities along the frontier, Impressment of American Sailors & Growth of the U.S. borders by conquering British Canada.

William Lloyd Garrison

Important & vocal abolitionist and the editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator".

Sectionalism

Is loyalty to one's own region of the country and is only concerned about specific matters in that region, instead of worrying about matters that pertain to the whole nation.

Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Last major battle of the War of 1812; making Andrew Jackson a national hero and propelling him later to the presidency.

Horace Mann

Man responsible for bringing important educational reforms to Massachusetts.

Abolitionism

Movement to eradicate human bondage (slavery)

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River in support for white settlement.

Anti-Federalists

People who opposed the Constitution. Wanted a Bill of Rights added.

Frederick Douglass

Was a self-educated slave/Abolitionist who was the editor of The North Star.

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by angry backcountry farmers.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River

2nd Great Awakening

Religious movement that promoted Spritual Revival & the need for social reforms.

Nat Turner

Responsible for leading a major slave rebellion killing over 50 whites, resulting in harsher slave codes.

Goal of the Lewis & Clark Expedition

Search for a water route to the Pacific Ocean, establish relationships with the Native Americans, & to pay close attention to the soil and take notes on nature.

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain in the War of 1812.

Trail of Tears

Term used to describe the path the Cherokee took on their way to Oklahoma, which resulted in the death of many Cherokee Indians due to disease and starvation.

Impressment

The British policy of taking American ships and forcing sailors to serve in the British navy.

Tariff of Abominations

The Tariff of 1828 referred to by Southerners.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

These resolutions condemned the Alien & Sedition Acts and stated that they were violating constitutional rights.

Manifest Destiny

This philosophy meant that the United States was set apart to extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean.