Unit 4: SmartBook
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by which of these signs and symptoms?
- Diarrhea - Abdominal cramping - Rectal bleeding
Choose the factors that can contribute to or worsen acid reflux.
- Drinking alcohol - Having excess body fat in one's midsection - Lying down soon after eating a large meal
Although the cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown, which of the following factors may trigger the disorder?
- Emotional stress - Depression - Certain foods
Choose the two populations for which prompt treatment for severe diarrhea is especially important because they are more susceptible to quickly becoming dehydrated.
- Infants - Elderly people
What are two roles of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) that is secreted in the stomach?
- It makes proteins easier to digest. - It kills many disease-causing microorganisms that may be in food.
Which of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system and thus play a major role in digestion even though food does not pass directly through them?
- Pancreas - Gallbladder - Liver
Which of the following are two functions of the digestive system?
- Process foods into nutrients - Transport nutrients into blood or lymph
Treatment of severe diarrhea includes drinking watery replacement fluids that contain which of the following ingredients?
- Simple sugars - Sodium - Potassium
Peristalsis occurs in which of the following organs?
- Stomach - Intestines - Esophagus
Which of the following events occur in the mouth and aid digestion?
- Teeth grind food. - Salivary glands secrete saliva.
Which options describe the absorptive cells of villi in the small intestine?
- They are coated with microvilli. - They secrete digestive enzymes.
Choose the statements that describe probiotics.
- They are live, beneficial microbes. - They may help maintain or re-establish the normal balance of bacteria in the colon.
Diarrhea often results from which two causes?
- Viral infections - Bacterial infections
Rank the sections of the small intestine in order as they appear in the GI tract.
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
Place the major organs of the digestive tract in the correct order:
1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine
_______, a substance that aids fat digestion, is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Bile
________ can help reduce mild cases of constipation.
Eating more fiber-rich foods
_______ can increase the risk of gallstones.
Having excess body fat
_________ can be characterized by frequent bouts of abdominal pain and bloating with diarrhea or constipation.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Which of the following options correctly lists the major organs of the digestive tract, from start to finish?
Mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine
_______ is an involuntary, wavelike muscular contraction that propels food along the gastrointestinal tract.
Peristalsis
A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper GI tract is called ________.
a peptic ulcer
The Heimlich maneuver, also called "________", is a first aid technique that can help clear the blocked airway of a choking person.
abdominal thrusts
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are considered to be _______ organs of the digestive system.
accessory
The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes secreted into the digestive tract would be an example of __________.
chemical digestion
Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the stomach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called _______.
chyme
Cancer that starts in either the colon or the rectum is called _______.
colorectal cancer
To aid in the digestive process, saliva _______.
contains an enzyme that can digest starch
One of the roles of the ________ is to eliminate the waste products from the digestion of food.
digestive system
Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called _______.
enzymes
To help increase bowel regularity and reduce constipation, it is useful to _________.
exercise regularly
As a result of their metabolic activity, intestinal bacteria contribute to ________.
flatulence
The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure of the __________ to close properly.
gastroesophageal sphincter
When the stomach's contents can flow back into (reflux) the esophagus, this causes symptoms that are often referred to as ________.
heartburn
The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by ________.
increasing the surface area of the small intestine
The role of the pyloric sphincter is to control the rate at which chyme _________.
leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine
After food enters the stomach, the opening between the esophagus and stomach is closed by the _______.
lower esophageal sphincter
The _______ produces and secretes most of the enzymes used to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.
pancreas
The main function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to _________.
prevent food in the stomach from spilling back into the esophagus
Enzymes are _______ that can help in the breakdown of large substances.
proteins
The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach that controls chyme release is called the _______.
pyloric sphincter
Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the ________.
small intestine
The lining of the ________ is covered with tiny, fingerlike projections called villi.
small intestine
The physical breakdown of food, such as the mixing of food by muscular contractions, is an example of ________.
starch
To reduce the risk of gallstones, a person should ________.
stay at a healthy weight
Chyme is formed in the ______.
stomach
The _______ secretes gastric juice, which contains enzymes that break down some protein and fat.
stomach
The small intestine connects the ________.
stomach to the large intestine
The major role of the gallbladder is to _________.
store bile until needed
A first aid technique that is used to help a person who is choking is _________.
the Heimlich maneuver
A peptic ulcer can form when ________, thus allowing hydrochloric acid or protein-digesting enzymes to destroy tissue in the stomach or small intestine.
the mucus layer in the stomach or small intestine breaks down
Diarrhea is a condition characterized by loose and watery stools that occur ________.
three or more times a day
Foods and beverages that may contribute to acid reflux include alcohol, peppermint, coffee, and _________.
tomatoes and tomato-based sauces
Colorectal cancer is characterized by cancerous ________ that form in the colon or rectum.
tumors
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the inner lining of the large intestine is _______.
ulcerative colitis
Beneficial bacteria in the large intestine can ________.
use fermentation to metabolize undigested food
Probiotics may be found in foods such as ________.
yogurt