Unit 4: SmartBook

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by which of these signs and symptoms?

- Diarrhea - Abdominal cramping - Rectal bleeding

Choose the factors that can contribute to or worsen acid reflux.

- Drinking alcohol - Having excess body fat in one's midsection - Lying down soon after eating a large meal

Although the cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown, which of the following factors may trigger the disorder?

- Emotional stress - Depression - Certain foods

Choose the two populations for which prompt treatment for severe diarrhea is especially important because they are more susceptible to quickly becoming dehydrated.

- Infants - Elderly people

What are two roles of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) that is secreted in the stomach?

- It makes proteins easier to digest. - It kills many disease-causing microorganisms that may be in food.

Which of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system and thus play a major role in digestion even though food does not pass directly through them?

- Pancreas - Gallbladder - Liver

Which of the following are two functions of the digestive system?

- Process foods into nutrients - Transport nutrients into blood or lymph

Treatment of severe diarrhea includes drinking watery replacement fluids that contain which of the following ingredients?

- Simple sugars - Sodium - Potassium

Peristalsis occurs in which of the following organs?

- Stomach - Intestines - Esophagus

Which of the following events occur in the mouth and aid digestion?

- Teeth grind food. - Salivary glands secrete saliva.

Which options describe the absorptive cells of villi in the small intestine?

- They are coated with microvilli. - They secrete digestive enzymes.

Choose the statements that describe probiotics.

- They are live, beneficial microbes. - They may help maintain or re-establish the normal balance of bacteria in the colon.

Diarrhea often results from which two causes?

- Viral infections - Bacterial infections

Rank the sections of the small intestine in order as they appear in the GI tract.

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Place the major organs of the digestive tract in the correct order:

1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine

_______, a substance that aids fat digestion, is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Bile

________ can help reduce mild cases of constipation.

Eating more fiber-rich foods

_______ can increase the risk of gallstones.

Having excess body fat

_________ can be characterized by frequent bouts of abdominal pain and bloating with diarrhea or constipation.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Which of the following options correctly lists the major organs of the digestive tract, from start to finish?

Mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine

_______ is an involuntary, wavelike muscular contraction that propels food along the gastrointestinal tract.

Peristalsis

A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper GI tract is called ________.

a peptic ulcer

The Heimlich maneuver, also called "________", is a first aid technique that can help clear the blocked airway of a choking person.

abdominal thrusts

The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are considered to be _______ organs of the digestive system.

accessory

The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes secreted into the digestive tract would be an example of __________.

chemical digestion

Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the stomach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called _______.

chyme

Cancer that starts in either the colon or the rectum is called _______.

colorectal cancer

To aid in the digestive process, saliva _______.

contains an enzyme that can digest starch

One of the roles of the ________ is to eliminate the waste products from the digestion of food.

digestive system

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called _______.

enzymes

To help increase bowel regularity and reduce constipation, it is useful to _________.

exercise regularly

As a result of their metabolic activity, intestinal bacteria contribute to ________.

flatulence

The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure of the __________ to close properly.

gastroesophageal sphincter

When the stomach's contents can flow back into (reflux) the esophagus, this causes symptoms that are often referred to as ________.

heartburn

The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by ________.

increasing the surface area of the small intestine

The role of the pyloric sphincter is to control the rate at which chyme _________.

leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

After food enters the stomach, the opening between the esophagus and stomach is closed by the _______.

lower esophageal sphincter

The _______ produces and secretes most of the enzymes used to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.

pancreas

The main function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to _________.

prevent food in the stomach from spilling back into the esophagus

Enzymes are _______ that can help in the breakdown of large substances.

proteins

The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach that controls chyme release is called the _______.

pyloric sphincter

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the ________.

small intestine

The lining of the ________ is covered with tiny, fingerlike projections called villi.

small intestine

The physical breakdown of food, such as the mixing of food by muscular contractions, is an example of ________.

starch

To reduce the risk of gallstones, a person should ________.

stay at a healthy weight

Chyme is formed in the ______.

stomach

The _______ secretes gastric juice, which contains enzymes that break down some protein and fat.

stomach

The small intestine connects the ________.

stomach to the large intestine

The major role of the gallbladder is to _________.

store bile until needed

A first aid technique that is used to help a person who is choking is _________.

the Heimlich maneuver

A peptic ulcer can form when ________, thus allowing hydrochloric acid or protein-digesting enzymes to destroy tissue in the stomach or small intestine.

the mucus layer in the stomach or small intestine breaks down

Diarrhea is a condition characterized by loose and watery stools that occur ________.

three or more times a day

Foods and beverages that may contribute to acid reflux include alcohol, peppermint, coffee, and _________.

tomatoes and tomato-based sauces

Colorectal cancer is characterized by cancerous ________ that form in the colon or rectum.

tumors

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the inner lining of the large intestine is _______.

ulcerative colitis

Beneficial bacteria in the large intestine can ________.

use fermentation to metabolize undigested food

Probiotics may be found in foods such as ________.

yogurt