Unit 4 Software Development v.2

What is the W3C? World Wide Web Consortium World Wide Web Corporation World Wide Web Conference World Wide Web Coalition

World Wide Web Consortium

What is the place where all non-hard drive data is stored? Cloud Access Google Drive Office 365

Cloud

Where does the exit from a loop occur? just after the closing brace at the end of the last word just before the closing brace at the place of the closing brace

at the place of the closing brace

What do companies fund in order to screen applications? blogs mind mapping Google search Facebook

blogs

sixth highest

& &

byte

42 - 128 to 127

To compare strings, you can use compare To or the equals method of the class __________.

string

Explain three factors that can/should affect how code reads.

1. One factor of how the computer reads code is placement, for example, if you place a System.out.println("Hello"); and then System.out.println("World") the console will first print out Hello and then prints out World. 2. Another factor on how a computer can read code is semi-colons. For example, if you add a semi-colon to the end of your line of code it means to run that line of code. 3. A final way is that a computer can read variables, for example, if you have an int statement you can call the statement from wherever in the code program.

int

42 - 2147483648 to 2147483647

short

42 - 32768 to 32767

long

42L - 9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807

less than or equal to

<=

Which of the following best differentiates between the use of == and =? == compares the memory location of the object, while = compares the content. = compares the memory location of the object, while == compares the content. == creates a compounding expression with the object and another object, but = does not. = creates a concatenating string with the object and another object, but == does not.

== compares the memory location of the object, while = compares the content.

fifth highest

==, !=

greater than

>

greater than or equal to

>=

Which statement correctly indicates how a For loop and a While loop handle a continue statement? Both a For loop and a While loop always execute the update. A For loop always executes the update, but a While loop does not. A While loop always executes the update, but a For loop does not. Neither the For loop nor the While loop always execute the update.

A For loop always executes the update, but a While loop does not.

How does a SWITCH statement differ from other selection structures in Java? A SWITCH statement does not require the evaluation of a logical expression. A SWITCH statement takes longer to execute. A SWITCH statement is generally embedded in other selection structures. A SWITCH statement is used prior to other selection structures.

A SWITCH statement does not require the evaluation of a logical expression.

Explain how the evaluation of compound expressions works.

A compound expression is an expression involving more than one operator. Example: Double Ex = 1 * 2 / 3;

makes a selection without requiring evaluation

DEFAULT statement

Which program allows for the creation of documents compatible with Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher, as well as non-Microsoft file types? Google Drive Cloud Office 365 Access

Google Drive

a simple decision branch

IF statement

the most basic of control flow statements

IF statement

Select the four IDEs from the following list. Java Eclipse Microsoft Visual Studio Komodo IDE Microsoft .NET Framework Notepad++ Java Card NPAPI

Java Eclipse Microsoft Visual Studio Komodo IDE Notepad++

Which option best describes the following steps? 1. Requirements analysis; 2. Design; 3. Construct; 4. Integrate and Test; 5. Accept a standard maintenance cycle SDLC PDCA Deming's cycle

SDLC

Lists are stored in a simple one-dimensional _________.

array

The type of array that cannot be used for sorted searches because the number of comparisons possible makes searches prohibitive is the ___________ array.

multidimensional

The steps of SDLC are best characterized as which of the following? sequential redundant interchangeable optional

sequential

To take inputs and create outputs through various processes is the overall objective for a business, and its effectiveness in doing so is measured by _____________ .

sociotechnical theory

PIM Systems are also considered to be what type of tool? software hardware programming messaging

software

Select the four things that are most likely to cause harm to your computer. Internet service provider spyware adware viruses malicious code junk mail netiquette Trojan

spyware viruses malicious code Trojan

Which of these helps protect variable values from corruption? the execution of code from top to bottom the use of static blocks the declaration of class variables the use of synchronized blocks

the use of synchronized blocks

the way the program flow is guided

statement evaluation

What does a requirements analysis investigate? steps that a program needs to accomplish organization policies that apply to a process legislation pertaining to a product programming standards that must be met

steps that a program needs to accomplish

a selection between multiple alternatives, requiring no evaluation

switch statement

What lets an end user know that his or her private information is protected before creating a website with a host? terms of disclosure output contract acceptable use policy terms of service

terms of service

Which is the most basic of all control flow statements? the While loop the For loop the Branch the IF statement

the IF statement

Which of the choices is NOT a barrier to communication in the planning section of PDCA? variations in understanding communication skills language interpretation the number of programmers involved

the number of programmers involved

A list is a set of values of the same ______.

type

IF and SWITCH statements

types of selection statements in Java

Under what circumstances would a programmer NOT need to understand the typical user? when creating an in-house program when someone else is in charge when all the users are involved in the development process when the programming project is really easy

when all the users are involved in the development process

or

||

seventh highest

||-

Select the four ways that you can protect yourself and your computer. uncluttered email reading social network privacy identity protection netiquette avoiding social networks viruses anti-virus software unsubscribing email

uncluttered email reading social network privacy identity protection anti-virus software

A hacker might use which tool to know that you opened an unsafe graphic? adware Google web beacons social networks

web beacons

not

!

highest

!, +, -

relational operator

!=

and

& &

second highest

*, /, %

Combining numeric values and combining strings into one statement in Java can both be accomplished through which operator? ++ && + +=

+

third highest

+, -

arithmetic operator

-=

Outline three examples of how mind-mapping software can help you program.

1. Create a visual idea of your program 2. Can create map connections of ideas 3. Show what you want in your program

Explain what can cause a program to exit a loop and move to the next line of code.

A break statement will stop the loop and move on to the next line of code.

How would you differentiate a prototype from a program? A prototype has not yet had its bugs and errors fixed. A prototype lacks a program's design elements. A prototype has not yet been approved by the client. A prototype lacks a program's functionality.

A prototype lacks a program's functionality.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using web-based IDEs.

An advantage of a web-based IDE is that it can easily be saved in the cloud. Another advantage is that you are not required to download software which makes for a faster setup. Often you the software could be run in the same environment. One disadvantage is that your code could be easily deleted. Another disadvantage is you need the internet to work on the Web-based IDE. On web-based IDE there are fewer tools to make more complex programs.

How does the multidimensional array notation differ from HTML notation? Array notation is unable to render columns and tables, and HTML can. Array notation is shorter and more condensed than HTML notation. Array notation is a proprietary coding system and HTML is open. Array notation is longer and more complex than HTML notation.

Array notation is shorter and more condensed than HTML notation.

causes control to exit from the SWITCH statement

BREAK statement

If password = userPassword, this means that the password is correct. True False

False

The For loop is the simplest loop structure. True False

False

Eric has developed a plan to use a While loop so that it will repeat until a certain condition is met. Which of the following statements best summarizes Eric's plan? Eric would do better to use a Do...while loop. Eric's plan is sound as stated. Eric would do better to use a For loop. Eric's plan is sound as long as he introduces a counter control.

Eric's plan is sound as stated.

In a two-way selection, if the initial statement is evaluated as ________, the code skips to the ELSE command.

FALSE

What is the difference between Geany and Visual Studio? Geany is a commercial program, and Visual Studio is free. Geany is a free program, and Visual Studio is commercial. Geany supports several languages, and Visual Studios has one. Geany supports one language, and Visual Studio has several.

Geany is a free program, and Visual Studio is commercial.

a way of enabling a two-way selection

IF . . . ELSE statement

allows a two-way selection

IF . . . ELSE statement

What benefits does a program design provide? It maps out the program logic and targets the proper issue. It enhances the program appearance, making it attractive to users. It ensures a bug-free product, making it more functional. It makes the coding process more fun for the programmers.

It maps out the program logic and targets the proper issue.

Which of the following is a commercial package designed for small business usage? Zoho Oracle FileMaker MySQL

MySQL

Which of the following programs requires a nominal fee for up to five PCs? Office 365 Google Drive Access Cloud

Office 365

Which of the following distinguishes the value of proper formatting in coding? Proper formatting is professional and makes troubleshooting easier. Proper formatting is only of value if your project manager tells you it is. Proper formatting plays no role in functionality because it is unimportant. Proper formatting of code is not necessary but is nice to have.

Proper formatting is professional and makes troubleshooting easier.

Which function adds the fields from the table and then locates the SQL view? Query Design Access Form Design View

Query Design

software development life cycle

SDLC

Select the four IDEs from the following list. Microsoft Office Java Applet ShiftEdit Tixati NetBeans Run AWS Cloud 9 Geany

ShiftEdit NetBeans AWS Cloud 9 Geany

What happens after a loop is halted either because it has run the specified number of times or because the specified condition has been met? The program returns the final value and stops. The program goes back to the line before the loop started. The program searches for the next loop. The program begins to execute the next line of code.

The program begins to execute the next line of code.

What do looping statements, branching statements, and switches have in common? They are fundamental aspects of sociotechnology. They are fundamental aspects of pseudo code. They are basic types of control flow statements in Java. They are basic types of decision-making statements in Java.

They are basic types of decision-making statements in Java.

A loop that never ends can cause a computer crash. True False

True

Before calculations for decision making or the manipulation of numbers, objects, or data can take place, which of the following must happen? Unconditional branching must be concluded. Blocks must be synchronized. Compound statements must be analyzed. Values must be assigned to variables.

Values must be assigned to variables.

Explain what must be done in the scenario below. An end user wants to manage databases with Access.

You must first have a software license and have the software and you may need to host the software as well.

Which of the following describes a file in a database? a row and all the fields on that row a table with all depicted data a group of related records a labeled column in a spreadsheet

a group of related records

variable

a placeholder in memory

compound statement

a set of statements enclosed in curly braces, evaluated as if it were a single statement

conditional expression

a statement that uses a conditional operator

static method

a technique that can be accessed without creating an instance of the class

____________ is the term that we use for data that makes sense.

a0 - Information

The primary key is the unique field that enables the positive identification of a _________.

a0 - record

Java

an object-oriented programming language

relational operator

an operator that lets you make comparisons in a statement

Alternatives in a SWITCH statement are marked with the keyword ________.

case

Which of these activities is the equivalent of an IF statement check of a password? calling a sports center for information about tennis lessons presenting a credit card for a purchase checking in at a polling place in order to vote introducing yourself to a new colleague

checking in at a polling place in order to vote

A set of statements enclosed in curly braces and evaluated as if it were a single statement is a(n) ________________.

compound statement

statements that allow code to conditionally execute specified blocks of code

control flow

What does a RAD tool do? makes it easier to meet client's strict branding requirements guides the development process creates prototypes speedily allows incorporation of cutting-edge Java techniques

creates prototypes speedily

Int, double, char, and Boolean are the most commonly used _______ types.

data

the method by which IF and IF. . . ELSE structures work

decision making

if the value of the expression does not match any of the case alternatives, the statements following the default label run

default statement

A project manager, a technology director, software consultants, programmers, and quality assurance testers are all members of a _______ team.

development

One execution of any loop is called a(n) ____________.

iteration

In which order does the JVM evaluate expressions? from top to bottom left to right right to left in order of precedence

left to right

SDLC is the abbreviation for software development _________ .

life cycle

second step

loop condition is evaluated

Which type of resource does NOT need to be considered while planning a software project? staff materials budget time

materials

The symbols ==, <, and = are examples of ________

operators

using logic to organize and outline a project

project planning

model of a program without functionality

prototype

An operator that enables making comparisons in a statement is a(n) _______.

relational operator

operators that lets you make comparisons in a statement

relational operators

fourth step

repeat until loop condition is false

During which type of cycle does a post-release program get new features? implementation cycle development cycle maintenance cycle upgrade cycle

upgrade cycle

What do terms and conditions help protect? cancelation information overload mind mapping user information

user information

less than

<

Select the three HTML tags from the list below. < data > < cell > < pt > < table > < td > < row > < tr >

< table > < td > < tr >

fourth highest

<, <=, >, >=

assignment operator

=

eighth highest

=

Why is learning how to write a computer program useful for people who become business owners, as well as those who become programmers? Business owners sometimes develop computer applications. Business owners know programming skills correlate positively with income. Business owners experience sharpened logical decision making through programming. Business owners may use technology for a variety of purposes.

Business owners experience sharpened logical decision making through programming.

Which of these is NOT one of the three elements of a plan for coding? Map out logic and decision-making strategies. Define all the classes and methods to be used. Gain approval from everyone on the team. Create a prototype without adding actual commands.

Create a prototype without adding actual commands.

Which of these is NOT a Java selection structure? SWITCH statement IF statement IF . . . ELSE statement DEFAULT statement

DEFAULT statement

The role of the DEFAULT label is to handle the basic, expected expression values. True False

False

Select the four we consider Personal Information Management (PIM) systems. note taking Google email Instagram LinkedIn resumes Facebook text messaging

Google Instagram LinkedIn Facebook

Explain the differences between Google Drive and OneDrive.

Google drive is web-focused. Google Drive automatically saves your work and will keep it if you have a computer problem. Google drive costs $6 a user for 30GB of storage. OneDrive is integrated with Microsoft office. In OneDrive you must manually save your work. Onedrive cost $5 a user for 1TB of storage.

Explain what is wrong in the scenario below. The columns of a table are broken and disjointed.

IF the columns of the table is broken and disjointed means that your missing <tb></tb> or <tr></tr> cell tags.

Can an IF . . . ELSE statement be used with a password rather than an IF statement? It could be used because there really is not a difference between and IF and an IF . . . ELSE statement. It could not be used because no possible acceptable alternative exists. It could not be used because code should only be run if the test evaluates to TRUE. It could be used if an alternate action, such as locking the computer, were required if the test evaluated to FALSE.

It could be used if an alternate action, such as locking the computer, were required if the test evaluated to FALSE.

Eric has a set of data that falls into two categories. Depending on its category, he needs to apply a different response. He is considering using an IF statement. Which of the following statements best characterizes this choice? It will do everything he needs. It will only work for some of his data. It will only work with a conditional operator. It will not do what he wants by itself.

It will not do what he wants by itself.

Explain what can be done in the scenario below. Jeremy, an end user, needs to store his files and documents outside of his hardware.

Jeremy can use cloud base storage providers to upload his documents.

What is the relationship between pseudo code and computer programming language? Pseudo code is shorthand for the Java programming language and is used for note taking. Pseudo code can be used by novices and is translated into code by the IDE. Pseudo code is a placeholder until the actual code is written and replaces it. Pseudo code is used prior to coding to articulate the order and logic of a sequence in plain English.

Pseudo code is used prior to coding to articulate the order and logic of a sequence in plain English.

Summarize SQL and explain how it works.

SQL is a standardized language of creating, updating, and deleting data in a database. It works by allowing an interface for a user retrieve data that has been put inside the software.

allows selection from many alternatives

SWITCH statement

is similar to a select case statement in other programming languages

SWITCH statement

runs if the expression does not match any of the case alternatives

SWITCH statement

How does shareware differ from freeware? Shareware is also proprietary but only partially free. Shareware can only be shared between friendly users. Shareware has been abandoned, and freeware has not. Shareware is open-sourced, while freeware is not.

Shareware is also proprietary but only partially free.

Explain what types of issues may lead to user dissatisfaction with a program, as well as the issues that are the most serious.

Some issues, that may lead to user dissatisfaction, may include a buggy program, errors where the program can't work, non-user-friendly outcomes. The most serious is non-user-friendly outcomes because if the user doesn't know how to work, navigate the program, or can't get the program to work then the user or client won't be happy with the product they got or use.

Which of these describes how strings are compared? Strings are compared in a multi-dimensional array. Strings are compared as a complete expression. Strings are compared beginning with the first character. Strings are compared only in a list.

Strings are compared beginning with the first character.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the software development life cycle and the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle? The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle is a follow-up to the SDLC. The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle is an alternative to the SDLC. The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle guides only the second phase of the SDLC. The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle replaces all of the SDLC except the fifth step.

The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle guides only the second phase of the SDLC.

What is wrong with this code example? If( 1 == 0 ); { System.out.println("TRUE") } The code example is missing a space after "printIn." The code example for both letters of IF should be capitalized. The code example semi-colon at the end of the IF statement is wrong. The code example has nothing wrong.

The code example semi-colon at the end of the IF statement is wrong.

Which of the following best characterizes the proper relationship between coding a program and designing a program? The design should be completed before coding begins. The code and design should be developed simultaneously. The code should be done first and the design created to fit it afterward. The design can be done by the programmer and need not be considered as a separate facet.

The design should be completed before coding begins.

What peculiarity holds true for declaring variables of the char datatype? The variable must be placed in single quotes. The variable must be capitalized. The variable must be placed in double quotes. The variable must be italicized.

The variable must be placed in single quotes.

What do user input, file content, and database values have in common? They are handled according to the order of precedence. They are all necessarily primitive data types. They are all influencers of the path of code execution. They are all executed in sequential order.

They are all influencers of the path of code execution.

Which of the following is NOT true of static blocks? They are not public. They are not accepted inside Main(). They are only used in specific instances. They make testing difficult.

They are not public.

What do int, double, char, and Boolean share? They are the most commonly used data types. They are all whole number types. They are all operator data types. They are all decimal number types.

They are the most commonly used data types.

What do user input, file content, and database values have in common? They may influence the path of code execution. They may be used to isolate variables. They may provide controls for a loop. They may be used to handle multiple records.

They may influence the path of code execution.

Which of the following is NOT true of variables? They must be declared outside the method. They may be any of three types. They preserve memory. They are a placeholder in memory.

They must be declared outside the method.

What must happen with compound expressions? They must be concatenated. They must be evaluated together. They must be incremented with each iteration. They must be reassigned.

They must be evaluated together.

How do sentinel controls and flag controls relate to infinite loops? They are both warnings to let you know when one has occurred. They neither cause them nor prevent them. They cause them unless a counter is implemented. They prevent them because each limits the number of iterations.

They prevent them because each limits the number of iterations.

What is meant by saying that some operators are binary? They are designated with two symbols. They state the relationship between two operands. They have two words. They have two distinct uses.

They state the relationship between two operands.

Why is Trevor allowed to send this spam in the following scenario? Trevor works for a savvy marketing firm. His client has no email contacts. Trevor wants to email random people to try to generate sales for his client. This is considered spam.

Trevor is allowed to do this because he's trying to get more leads to sell his product.

How do you declare a variable? Enclose the type and name in curly brackets. Use Main() method to accept static blocks. Write the type and name together, followed by a semi-colon. Employ an operator to analyze compound statements.

Write the type and name together, followed by a semi-colon.

What is an indefinite loop? a loop that never ends a loop for which the time to run is not predetermined a loop for which the number of iterations is not predetermined a loop that has the same name for an infinite loop

a loop for which the number of iterations is not predetermined

Both Google and Microsoft are successful, customer-oriented companies who compete for user __________.

a0 - revenue

Why should memory use by code be minimized? for other programmers to understand it more easily for problems with conflicting commands to be avoided for iterations to not happen simultaneously for the code to execute as quickly as possible

for the code to execute as quickly as possible

third step

if loop condition evaluates to true, execute for loop statement and execute update statement

If you coded a loop to add 1 to a variable of each iteration, which of the following would you be doing? recovering a variable incrementing a variable decrementing a variable supplementing a variable

incrementing a variable

Which of the following is NOT a way in which a computer program can process code? by repetition indirectly by selection sequentially

indirectly

Which of these is an accurate evaluation of the characteristics of pseudo code? formal, Java, high-level formal, English, low-level informal, English, high-level formal, Java, low-level

informal, English, high-level

first step

initial statement executes

Which of these is NOT a standard order in which code is executed? sequence inverse hierarchical iteration selection

inverse hierarchical

What happens if a semicolon is placed after the for keyword in a For loop? A branch is created immediately. The logical expression is assumed to be TRUE. The loop is considered empty. The keyword is assumed to be the one previously assigned.

The loop is considered empty.

Which of the following is a key difference between a For loop and a Do...while loop? A For loop functions at the beginning of the looping structure, while a Do...while loop evaluates the condition at the end. The number of repetitions is known for a For loop but not for a Do...while loop. The number of repetitions is known for a Do...while loop but not for a For loop. A For loop functions as a posttest loop, while a Do...while loop is a pretest loop.

The number of repetitions is known for a For loop but not for a Do...while loop.

Erin plans to have users input data, evaluate the value, and have the evaluation dictate the flow of code execution using a control flow measure. Which of the following statements correctly summarizes this plan? The plan will work as laid out if programmed properly. The plan will work if the users choose the right control flow measure. The plan will only work if branching is used. The plan will only work if looping is used.

The plan will work as laid out if programmed properly.

Horace wants to declare two char variables in the same line. Which of the following statements correctly summarizes this plan? The plan does not work because you should not work with multiple variables. The plan does not work because multiple variables should never be declared in the same line. The plan works because only multiple variables of the same subtype can be declared on the same line. The plan works because only multiple variables of the same data type can be declared on the same line.

The plan works because only multiple variables of the same data type can be declared on the same line.

How could letter grades as shown below best be assigned to numerical data with control flow? F = <60 D = 60-69 C = 70-79 B = 80-89 A = 90-100 IF statement or IF . . . ELSE statement IF statement or SWITCH statement nested IF . . . ELSE statement or SWITCH statement stacked IF . . . ELSE statement or SWITCH statement

stacked IF . . . ELSE statement or SWITCH statement

pseudo code

steps to a program written in plain English

What tag is required to tell the browser when to begin interpreting tagged items? table row tag table tag paired tag table data tag

table tag

To what team do the project manager, programmer, database manager, quality assurance tester, and software consultant members belong? the development/programming team the design team the maintenance team the testing team

the development/programming team

The use of branching, looping, and decision making are all employed to affect which of the following? the preservation of memory the security of data the sharing of resources the flow of code execution

the flow of code execution

Which one of the following is NOT a valid way to distinguish the three different types of loop? whether the loop is simple or compound the inclusion of the words of the loop name in the code the number of times the loop runs in the program the loop syntax

the number of times the loop runs in the program

What is the order of precedence? the order in which operators are read and processed the guide for how Java processes control flow statements the order of importance of the primitive data types the guide for how Java processes nested statements

the order in which operators are read and processed

What is the difference between the three different types of LOOP statements? the order in which the code is processed the specific type of conditional value tested for a broken sequence by calling a method the length of the lifetime the variable lasts

the specific type of conditional value tested for

While, Do...while, and For loops can best be characterized as which of the following? the three main repetition structures in Java the three best repetition structures in Java the three easiest repetition structures in Java the three most logical repetition structures in Java

the three main repetition structures in Java

the control is passed to the default label

the value of the expression does not match any of the case alternatives

the SWITCH block is skipped over

the value of the expression does not match any of the case alternatives and there is no DEFAULT statement

Why would you use an ELSE ladder or staircase? to have a limited lifetime for the variable to create conditional branching to create choices that are evaluated top-down to respond to changing circumstances

to create choices that are evaluated top-down

When is code not executed sequentially? when control flow statements change the flow of code when primitives are being used when strings are being concatenated when operators are being used

when control flow statements change the flow of code

When is branching used? when there are decisions to be made when it is before initiating a loop when it is necessary to conserve resources when it is necessary to share resources

when there are decisions to be made

The For loop is considered a specialized version of the ______ loop.

while

Byte, short, int, and long can all be used to store _______ number.

whole

Which is the reason one would choose to use synchronized blocks? in order to create branching in order to handle nested IF statements because two or more threads need to share a resource because static variables are not public

because two or more threads need to share a resource

A marketer sending spammy emails may use what to improve its audience reach? identity theft Google botnets Web beacons

botnets

causes control to exit from the switch statement

break statement

How do you judge the utility of an application? by its popularity rankings by the price it can fetch by the problem it solves by its sales

by the problem it solves

code block

code between the curly braces

What is the name for a section of code that contributes to the work of the application by solving a less complex problem? variable pseudo code code block method

code block

a set of statements enclosed in curly braces, evaluated as if it were a single statement

compound statement

a statement that uses a conditional operator

conditional expression

A counter-controlled loop is a(n) _____________ loop.

definite

Which of the following is NOT a type of loop? while do...while for do...for

do...for

a statement stops executing

either a BREAK statement has been reached or the SWITCH statement has ended

Including a default statement in a SWTICH statement minimizes the possibility of creating a(n) ________.

exception

Who will most likely help you with legal spam issues? federal government Supreme Court local government state government

federal government

How can a sentinel-controlled While loop and counter-controlled While loop be distinguished without seeing the code? Changing the initial value will change the number of times the counter-controlled While loop runs, but not the number of times the sentinel-controlled While loop runs. Changing the stream object used to enter data into the program will change the result for the sentinel-controlled While loop only. Changing the stream object used to enter data into the program will change the result for the counter-controlled While loop only. Changing the initial value will change the number of times the sentinel-controlled While loop runs, but not the number of times the counter-controlled While loop runs.

Changing the initial value will change the number of times the sentinel-controlled While loop runs, but not the number of times the counter-controlled While loop runs.

Break and continue statements allow you to: prevent flags. control a sentinel value. close loops. alter the flow of a program.

alter the flow of a program.