Unit 4: The Reformation

The Reformation leader, John Calvin, believed strongly in and Select one: a. advocated that only priests could interpret the scripture. b. encouraged education so that everyone could read the scriptures. c. welcomed the discoveries of the scientific revolution. d. emulated the educational practices of the Jesuits. e. encouraged study of Latin so that continued use of the Vulgate would be possible.

b. encouraged education so that everyone could read the scriptures.

The Reformation survived and prospered because Select one: a. the popes failed to respond to Luther's charges b. German peasantry were content with their lot. c. German princes wanted independence from the Emperor. d. Charles V was incompetent. e. of the unity of the Protestant leadership.

c. German princes wanted independence from the Emperor.

A major difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism relates to Select one: a. clerical marriage b. the place of women in society c. emphasis on predestination d. infant baptism e. monasticism

c. emphasis on predestination

The Counter Reformation Select one: a. reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrine and theology. b. reformed theology to meet some Protestant demands. c. removed Italians from control of the church. d. protected and concealed corruption in the church. e. made the governance of the church more democratic.

a. reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrine and theology.

Defense of the Seven Sacraments was a tract Select one: a. written by Thomas More in which the Church is attacked because of its sacramental theology b. written by Zwingli which argued that the Eucharist was a symbolic reenactment of the Last Supper c. written by Henry VIII in which he supported the Roman Catholic Church's position on sacramental theology d. in which Luther called upon the German nobility to accept responsibility for cleansing Christianity of the abuses which had developed within the Church e. in which Thomas Cranmer argued that the Edwardian Prayer Book was justified by the sacraments

c. written by Henry VIII in which he supported the Roman Catholic Church's position on sacramental theology

John Calvin established the center of his reformed church in Select one: a. Lyon b. London c. Wittenberg d. Geneva e. Basel

d. Geneva

In France, the followers of John Calvin were called Select one: a. Anabaptists b. Mennonites c. Puritans d. Huguenots e. Armenians

d. Huguenots

"In conformity, therefore, to the clear doctrine of the Scripture, we assert, that by an eternal and immutable counsel, God has once for all determined, both whom he would admit to salvation, and whom he would condemn to destruction." The idea expressed in the passage above is most closely associated with the theological views of Select one: a. Erasmus b. Pope Leo X c. Thomas More d. John Calvin e. Ignatius Loyola

d. John Calvin

Salvation by faith alone, the ministry of all believers, and the authority of the Bible are principles basic to Select one: a. the Christian humanism of Erasmus b. the Church of England c. Catholicism after the Council of Trent d. Lutheranism in the early sixteenth century e. The Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order)

d. Lutheranism in the early sixteenth century

By ending clerical celibacy and monastic life, the Protestant Reformation put greater emphasis on which of the following? Select one: a. Warfare as the noblest profession b. Accumulation of wealth as more important than Christian conduct c. Papal authority d. The family as the center of life e. Entertainment and sexual abandon

d. The family as the center of life

Peasants tended to support the Reformation because Select one: a. it appeared to promise improved financial conditions. b. it would lead to the end of feudalism and initiate independent ownership of land c. it guaranteed social enfranchisement for all. d. it seemed to promise political liberation and greater social opportunities. e. it would mean an end to monarchy.

d. it seemed to promise political liberation and greater social opportunities.

The Protestant Reformation Select one: a. represented a reflection of many aspects of Christianity. b. weakened nationalistic feelings. c. resulted in the first Christian missionaries seeking converts in the Far East. d. tended to strengthen the power of secular rulers. e. served to weaken the hold of spiritual beliefs on the minds of Europeans.

d. tended to strengthen the power of secular rulers.

Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic church on the grounds that it Select one: a. supported priests a religious teachers b. sponsored translations of the Bible into vernacular languages c. reduced the number of sacraments d. used indulgences as a fund-raising device e. formed close associations with secular rulers

d. used indulgences as a fund-raising device

This sculpture by Bernini shown above celebrates Select one: a. a new interest in secular themes b. Lutheran veneration of the saints c. the Calvinist cult of beauty d. the reconciliation of the papacy and the English crown after the Council of Trent e. Catholic Reformation mysticism

e. Catholic Reformation mysticism

The body composed of ministers and elders in Geneva that oversaw personal and group discipline and morality was the Select one: a. Council of 60 b. Council of 200 c. Little Council d. Brotherhood of 11,000 Virgins e. Consistory

e. Consistory

Which of the following is true of the German Peasants' Revolt of 1524-1525? Select one: a. The revolt led to the emancipation of the German serfs. b. The revolt was organized by Martin Luther to break papal power in the German states. c. The peasants were supported by French armies during the revolt. d. The revolt was the first in Europe in which economic egalitarianism was a major rallying point. e. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands.

e. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands.

Martin Luther's response to the German Peasants' War (1524-1525) demonstrated his Select one: a. ignorance of the economic plight of the peasantry b. emphasis on the social aspects of Christ's teaching c. refusal to comment on social or political issues d. belief in the necessity of a unified German state e. support of the prevailing social and political order

e. support of the prevailing social and political order

The Colloquy of Marburg in 1529 Select one: a. was an attempt by the Catholic Church to develop a strategy to combat the Protestant movement b. was a meeting which declared Luther to be an outlaw throughout the Holy Roman Empire c. was an attempt by Charles I to reconcile Luther to the Catholic Church d. resulted in the fall of Thomas Wolsey as Chancellor of England e. was a debate between Luther and Zwingli which resulted in a formal split within Protestantism

e. was a debate between Luther and Zwingli which resulted in a formal split within Protestantism

Which of the following held that the communion service was merely symbolic of Christ's presence at the ceremony? Select one: a. Ulrich Zwingli b. Martin Luther c. Frederick the Wise d. Charles V e. Pope Leo X

a. Ulrich Zwingli

Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the sixteenth century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists Select one: a. rejected the Bible as the source of religious truth b. favored government enforcement of morality c. advocated a complete separation of church and state d. restored the privileges of the clergy e. tried to reconcile Protestant and Catholic teachings

c. advocated a complete separation of church and state

Martin Luther believed that the most important role for a Christian woman was to Select one: a. minister to the sick and poor b. preach the word of God in Church on Sunday c. become a wife and mother d. lead a life devoted primarily to prayer and contemplation e. teach reading and writing in a religious school

c. become a wife and mother

During the Reformation, Anabaptism drew its membership mostly from the ranks of the Select one: a. nobility b. middle class c. peasants d. business men e. army officers

c. peasants

Threatened with arrest by the Catholic authorities, Luther was protected by Select one: a. Charles V Habsburg b. John Eck c. the Hussites d. John of Leiden e. Frederick the Wise of Saxony

e. Frederick the Wise of Saxony

Which of the following expresses a major social impact of the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century? Select one: a. Education expanded to meet the need for biblical literacy. b. Women gained equal access to clerical positions. c. Peasants successfully used religious ideals to gain increased status. d. The population increased because of the attack on celibacy. e. Ideals of religious pacifism led to a century of peace.

a. Education expanded to meet the need for biblical literacy.

Advocates of northern humanism believed which of the following? Select one: a. The fusion of Christian and Classical ideals provides the best definition of virtuous conduct b. The conventions of romantic love enhance social respect for women c. Education and scholarship should be equally open to men and women d. The new poetic forms, such as the sonnet, could be used to articulate their belief e. Political rights should be extended to all men

a. The fusion of Christian and Classical ideals provides the best definition of virtuous conduct

The response of the Roman Catholic church to the Protestant Reformation included all of the following except Select one: a. the abolition of the Index of Prohibited Books b. the establishment of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order) c. the convening of the Council of Trent d. the founding of womens orders active in education and care of the sick e. an increase in the number of parish grammar schools

a. the abolition of the Index of Prohibited Books

The English Reformation was unique in that the government broke with Rome Select one: a. when there was no theological dispute between king and pope b. only after Henry VIII's unsanctioned divorce c. only after Protestantism had come to dominate English religious life d. after declaring war against the papacy e. after Sir Thomas More was executed

a. when there was no theological dispute between king and pope

The teachings of which of the following had the greatest impact on the Reformation in Scotland? Select one: a. Ignatius of Loyola b. John Calvin c. Martin Luther d. Desiderius Erasmus e. Ulrich Zwingli

b. John Calvin

In his Institutes of the Christian Religion, John Calvin sought to Select one: a. answer the Roman Catholic church's doctrinal reforms formulated at the Council of Trent b. systematize Protestant doctrine as the basis for a reformed Christianity c. challenge the growing political authority of kings through the articulation of a theory of political resistance d. promote a dialogue with the Roman Catholic church e. raise the cultural level of Europeans by supporting universal schooling

b. systematize Protestant doctrine as the basis for a reformed Christianity

Charles V Habsburg's response to the Reformation was influenced by Select one: a. his fundamental opposition to the papacy b. conflict with the ruling dynasty of Spain c. his preoccupation with the many political problems throughout the empire d. his friendship with Luther e. the actions of German princes

c. his preoccupation with the many political problems throughout the empire

During the great witchcraft persecutions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, those most often tried as witches were Select one: a. young girls b. young boys c. older women d. members of the clergy e. members of the aristocracy

c. older women

The Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-1563) had as its primary result Select one: a. a compromise with Protestants to reunite Christians b. a political compromise with the Protestant princes of central Europe c. reform within the Catholic church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine d. the reestablishment of conciliar power over the papacy e. creation of a balance of power between the papacy and the heads of the great Catholic states

c. reform within the Catholic church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine

The factors that led to the Protestant Reformation include all of the following except Select one: a. the decline of the church b. the growth of national consciousness c. the atomistic division of Germany d. the rise of absolute monarchs e. the publication of The Book of Common Prayer

d. the rise of absolute monarchs