Unit 5

c. pastures

Lands that are primarily used for the production of adapted, domesticated forage plants for livestock are known as: a. rangeland b. croplands c. pastures d. plantations

b. Sockeye salmon

Pebble Mine is a proposed project to mine a large deposit of gold, copper, and molybdenum in Bristol Bay, Alaska. There are numbers of environmental concerns about this project, including the impact on one particular anadromous fish species. Which of the following species is at greatest risk? a. Alaskan pollock b. Sockeye salmon c. Snow crap d. Pacific cod

d. increase in arable land

The amount of food grown in the United States has increased over the last 50 years. This can be attributed to all of the following except: a. genetically modified crops b. crop rotation c. increase in pesticide and fertilizers d. increase in arable land

b. genetically modify the corn with the Bacillus thuringiensis gene

A farmer wants to increase his crop yields of corn with little to no use of pesticides. Which of the following would be the best solution? a. incorporate the practice of no-till agriculture b. genetically modify the corn with the Bacillus thuringiensis gene c. apply manure on his cornfields d. plow the soil before planting seeds

b. overirrigation

The most common cause of salinization of agricultural soils over time is: a. overharvesting of crops b. overirrigation c. lack of fertilization d. no till agriculture

d. the immediate profitability of the farm will increase

Crop rotation is an important part of sustainable farming. Which is not a benefit of crop rotation? a. when crops are rotated, there is less of a threat from the pathogens that attack crops b. soil structure is improved if long-rooted crops are alternated with short-rooted crops c. there will be a decreased need for pesticides d. the immediate profitability of the farm will increase

b. developed countries consume more energy per capita

Which of the following describes how energy consumption in developed and developing countries compare? a. developing countries consume more energy per capita b. developed countries consume more energy per capita c. developed and developing countries consume about the same amount of energy per capita d. developing countries consume about 50% more energy per capita than developed countries

d. smart growth

Which of the following is not a cause of urban sprawl? a. government policies b. automobiles c. cost of living d. smart growth e. urban blight

a. the amount of crop residue declines

Which of the following correctly describes how the practice of tilling can lead to an increase in soil erosion? a. the amount of crop residue declines b. organic matter is mixed with the soil c. weeds have been eliminated d. the germination of seeds is delayed

c. leave corridors of native forests uncut

Which of the following could be done to mitigate the destructive impacts of tree plantations? a. harvest only half of the trees in the tree plantation at a time b. plant only in areas with ample rainfall, to reduce the need for irrigation c. leave corridors of native forests uncut d. plants only disease-resistant varieties, to minimize pesticide use

a. agricultural

Which of the following describes the largest human use of freshwater? a. agricultural b. municipal c. industrial d. residential

c. increased flooding

Which of the following is least likely to be an environment consequence of replacing a natural forest with a tree population? a. loss of biodiversity b. habitat destruction c. increased flooding d. increased instance of disease

c. decreasing irrigation requirements for crops

Which of the following is not a benefit of integrated pest management? a. decreasing the amount of pesticide used b. decreasing the money spent on synthetic pesticide c. decreasing irrigation requirements for crops d. decreasing the likelihood of pesticide resistance in pest species

c. slash and burn techniques

Which of the following is not a method that was popularized during the Green Revolution to increase food production? a. mechanization b. use of fertilizers c. slash and burn techniques d. genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

d. pesticides

A crop of potatoes is damaged by a species called aphids. Which of the following would be a rapid approach to decreasing the crop damage while increasing crop yields? a. integrated pest management b. genetically modified crops c. the use of cover crops d. pesticides

b. world population of cows

All of the following are non-anthropogenic contributors to changes in global temperatures except: a. world population of termites b. world population of cows c. hectares of wetlands d. water vapor

a. an aquifer

An underground zone or body of earth material from which groundwater can be extracted is known as: a. an aquifer b. a reservoir c. an artesian well d. effluent

a. low impacts on local ecosystems

Benefits associated with aquaculture include all of the following except: a. low impacts on local ecosystems b. year-round food source c. rapid growth rate from egg to adult d. reduce demand on wild fish populations

c. fertilization

During the Green Revolution, many new technologies were adopted which helped to increase food production. These generally fall into two categories: increasing crop yield or decreasing labor input required. Which of the following methods is one that falls into the first category, increasing crop yield? a. irrigation b. mechanization of planting c. fertilization d. mechanization of harvest

a. using energy resources that relay on fossil fuels

Each of the following describes a way to reduce an ecological footprint except: a. using energy resources that relay on fossil fuels b. carpooling often c. eating less meat d. buying locally grown food

a. saltwater intrusion

Excessive extraction of groundwater within proximity to saline ecosystems can lead to: a. saltwater intrusion b. decreased salinity near the coast c. waterlogging d. coastal erosion

b. intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Forests that experience fairly frequent but moderate (low-lying) forest fires have a greater species diversity than forests that experience no forest fires or forests that often experience severe, crown-burning forest fires. This idea is referred to as the: a. disturbance and diversity theory b. intermediate disturbance hypothesis c. diversity distribution hypothesis d. frequent disturbance hypothesis e. moderate distribution theory

c. the use of genetically modified organisms can prevent pests from developing resistance

Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, provide all of the following advantages except: a. plants can be engineered to resist viruses, increasing yields in areas where viral infection rates are high b. plants can be bred to tolerate common herbicides, like glyphosate, so fields can be sprayed with this substance which kills weeds and leaves crops intact c. the use of genetically modified organisms can prevent pests from developing resistance d. genetically modified organisms can be engineered to produce needed vitamins, reducing malnutrition in areas where food resources are limited

d. maximum sustainable yield

If conditions remain constant, what is the largest annual catch of a particular species that can be harvested without long-term depletion of fisheries? a. carrying capacity b. optimum sustainable yield c. individual fishing quotas d. maximum sustainable yield

a. bluefin tuna

Of the following organisms, which species would not be considered "bycatch" when utilizing drift net fishing? a. bluefin tuna b. killer whale c. loggerhead sea turtle d. sea lion

a. small farms are consolidated into larger farms to improve efficiencies and reduce expenses

The Green Revolution is credited with saving over one billion people worldwide from starvation. Norman Borlaug, the "Father of the Green Revolution," received the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for his innovations which are the foundation of the Green Revolution. Which is not one of the innovative practices directly promoted by the Green Revolution? a. small farms are consolidated into larger farms to improve efficiencies and reduce expenses b. the advances in yields rely heavily on the development and use of more effective pesticides c. chemical processes are used to make synthetic fertilizers which were not possible before d. there is a shift from rainfed crops to irrigated crops

c. salinization

The build up of salt in soil leading to a loss in crop productivity is called: a. irrigation b. desertification c. salinization d. nitrification

a. 14 m^3

The city of Eutrophoria received a total of 8 cm of rain over the evening. The dimensions of the typical front yard are 25 meters wide by 10 meters long, and 30% of that area is covered in concrete, for a driveway. Assume that any water that lands on the concrete will be runoff that will not infiltrate the ground. What is the volume of rainwater that has an opportunity to percolate through the soil and recharge the aquifer beneath the property? a. 14 m^3 b. 7.5 m^3 c. 2000 m^3 d. 175 m^3

d. mining

The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth is known as: a. excavating b. harvesting c. archaeology d. mining

d. the need for tilling is greatly reduced

The increasing human demands that our food production increase. One method for increasing our yields per hectare is the practice of monocropping. Which of the following is not associated with monocropping? a. new strains of disease-resistant crops are bred or engineered b. pesticides are heavily employed c. the area of cultivated land is increased by using irrigation d. the need for tilling is greatly reduced

d. pests evolve to develop resistance to pesticides over time, requiring farmers to use higher doses or develop new pesticides

The pesticide treadmill occurs when: a. crop variety on adjacent fields is high b. selective pesticides are used c. pesticides are used along with fertilizers d. pests evolve to develop resistance to pesticides over time, requiring farmers to use higher doses or develop new pesticides

b. shelterwood cutting

The process of removing mature trees in groups over many years and leaving many mature trees to reseed the area is known as: a. selective cutting b. shelterwood cutting c. seed tree cutting d. strip cutting

c. open-pit mining, moutaintop removal, and strip mining

There are two main types of coal extraction: surface mining and sub-surface mining. Sub-surface is the one most folks think of and was depicted in the movies like October Sky. In this type of mining, machinery is used to dig a small hole underground and the coal is removed via a shaft or tunnel. Which of the following lists includes types of surface mining? a. strip mining and drift mining b. mountain top removal, strip mining, and slope mining c. open-pit mining, moutaintop removal, and strip mining d. open-pit mining, slop mining and drift mining

c. Environmental Protection Agency

United States fisheries are directly regulated by all of the following agencies except: a. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration b. U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife c. Environmental Protection Agency d. Regional Fisheries Management Council

b. Bottom trawling

What is the most common method for harvesting flounder and cod? a. Pelagic longlining b. Bottom trawling c. Purse seines d. Electrofishing

c. Ogallala Aquifer

What is the name of the largest aquifer on Earth located in the western part of the United States? a. Florida Everglades b. Colorado River c. Ogallala Aquifer d. Mississippi River Watershed

d. There is a major diversion of water flow due to dams and human consumption

What is the primary reason why the Colorado River no longer drains into the Gulf of California? a. sedimentation deposits prevent flow into the ocean b. reduced snowpacks in the Rockies are not melting into the river c. Droughts are increasing in the desert Southwest d. There is a major diversion of water flow due to dams and human consumption

c. agriculture

Which of the following accounts for the highest freshwater use in the United States, after electricity production? a. human drinking water consumption b. chemical production industry c. agriculture d. household use

d. I and III only

Which of the following accurately describe how insects may negatively affect trees? I. Insects can defoliate the trees II. Insects may pollinate trees flowers III. Insects can act as vectors of disease a. I only b. II only c. I and II only d. I and III only

a. the use of fertilizers

Which of the following agricultural practices will accelerate cultural eutrophication? a. the use of fertilizers b. crop rotation c. application of commercial pesticides d. no-tilling farming

d. I, II, III, IV

Which of the following are true of overgrazing? I. it slows the growth of vegetation II. reduces diversity of plant species III. leads to increase of plant species not desired by cattle IV. increases erosion a. I, II, IV b. I, II, III c. I, III, IV d. I, II, III, IV

a. aedes aegypti

Which of the following is not a tree pest? a. aedes aegypti b. emerald ash borer c. hemlock wooly adelgid d. chesnut blight

a. intercropping

Which of the following types of agriculture is the most sustainable? a. intercropping b. crop rotation c. contour plowing d. GMO monoculture

c. bottom trawling

Which type of commercial fishing practice can destroy benthic habitats? a. long-line b. gill nets c. bottom trawling d. trolling

d. drip irrigation

Worldwide, the depletion of aquifers is becoming a critical issue. Our agricultural practices require a dependable supply of water in order to get the high yields we have come to expect. Which type of irrigation conserves the most water? a. flood irrigation b. center-pivot irrigation c. furrow irrigation d. drip irrigation

d. reduce the heat-island effect by paving roads with concrete instead of asphalt

Some cities are in the process of switching to a more sustainable design. This is often accomplished by using technologies and changing how the cityscape is used. Which of the following would not be used to improve the sustainability of a city? a cities would increase their practice of infilling b. cities would install a Smart Traffic Management system c. change traditional neighborhoods to walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods d. reduce the heat-island effect by paving roads with concrete instead of asphalt

a. clear cutting

Which of the following refers to the removal of all trees in an area at one time? a. clear cutting b. selective cutting c. shelter-wood cutting d. seed-tree cutting

a. timber sales and prescribed burns

Which of the following techniques are important to forest management? a. timber sales and prescribed burns b. crown fires c. introduction to genetically modified trees d. introduction of predators to control tree pests

a. individual exploitation of shared resource leads to long term depletion for all

What does the tragedy of the commons refer to? a. individual exploitation of shared resource leads to long term depletion for all b. debates between land use of farmers and merchants in 18th century England c. Thomas Malthus' Principle of Population that the planet cannot sustain exponential human growth d. recognition that developed nations are primarily responsible for increased levels of greenhouse gases

b. herbicides

Which of the following type of pesticides would help combat weeds overtaking a crop of soybeans? a. insecticides b. herbicides c. fungicides d. rodenticides

b. global climate change

A farmer has decided to add nutrients to his soil through the slash-and-burn process. Despite gaining fertile soil, which of the following is an environmental disadvantage of this farming techniques? a. cultural eutrophication b. global climate change c. acid deposition d. thermal pollution

b. drip irrigation

A farmer is concerned about the growth of the crops because their water supplies are running low. The farmer is worried about the evaporation of excess water and wants to ensure their crops are getting enough water to grow. The farmer is prepared to meet any cost if it means long-term success. Which of the following irrigation types will be best for the farmer? a. furrow irrigation b. drip irrigation c. spray irrigation d. flood irrigation

b. water the resort landscape twice a day during daylight hours

A new controversial resort was built in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Guanacaste is the driest area in Costa Rica, which leads to water concerns. The new resort was granted water rights by the Costa Rican government without consulting locals from the surrounding area. The area village water supply has decreased by 65%, and as a result, it has left locals struggling to maintain their way of life in the primarily agricultural area. In addition, beach chairs from the resort now block important nesting grounds for Olive Ridley sea turtles. Pressure from special interest groups and community members led the resort to take action to conserve water and protect sea turtles. All of the following activities lower the environmental impact of the resort except: a. launder towels and sheets only at the requests of guests b. water the resort landscape twice a day during daylight hours c. use gray water for watering landscape d. design a program tourists can take part in to patrol the beaches at night to look for nesting turtles, help move the eggs to a protected area, help release hatchlings back into the sea and educate tourists about sea turtles

c. leaving a smaller ecological footprint

As human populations traverse through the demographic transition, what starts out as rural society transitions to one of a more urban setting. Which of the following scenarios is not a product of urbanization? a. lack of vegetation b. instances of excessive noise c. leaving a smaller ecological footprint d. higher demands for water

d. used water from household or business activities

Greywater best describes: a. wastewater containing human waste b. potable water used for household activities c. runoff from agricultural fields d. used water from household or business activities

b. a time when the farming practices switched in order to produce more food

The Green Revolution refers to which of the following? a. a time when farming practices switched to incorporate organic methods b. a time when the farming practices switched in order to produce more food c. a time when farmers led a revolt against world leaders to advocate for farmer's rights d. a time when farming practices changed, causing exclusively negative outcomes for all involved

b. it decreases the price of lumber for the customers

The logging industry is a big advocate of clearcutting as their form of harvesting trees. Which of the following is an economic advantage of this form of tree removal? a. it increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere b. it decreases the price of lumber for the customers c. the trees are harvested at an inefficient rate d. concern rises about the decline of species due to the loss of habitat

b. selective cutting

Instead of cutting down entire forests or swaths of trees to harvest lumber, timber companies may institute a type of logging in which they move into an area and only cut certain trees. This method of commercial logging is called: a. clear cutting b. selective cutting c. shelter-wood cutting d. strip cutting

a. reclamation

The process of restoring land that has been mined to a natural or economically usable purpose is known as: a. reclamation b. preservation c. conservation d. rehabilitation

d. Easter Island

Which of the following case studies serves as a direct example of renewable resource depletion as a consequence of exponential human population growth? a. Three Mile Island, PA b. Mono Lake, CA c. Minimata, Japan d. Easter Island

b. groundwater contamination from deep well injection of waste products

All of the following answer choices are ecological consequences of CAFOs except: a. compaction of soil b. groundwater contamination from deep well injection of waste products c. loss biodiversity d. overuse of antibiotics to keep animals healthy which leads to genetic resistance

d. redefining a country's borders to include more mountainous terrain

All of the following are examples of Tragedy of the Commons except: a. the decline of passenger pigeons due to overhunting and overexploitation b. pollution in Earth's atmosphere by worldwide greenhouse gas emissions c. water contamination of rivers and streams in West Virginia through mountaintop removal d. redefining a country's borders to include more mountainous terrain

b. subsurface mining has more direct environmental impacts than open-pit mines

All of the following are true of mining activities except: a. subsurface mines typically cause less habitat destruction than an open-pit mine b. subsurface mining has more direct environmental impacts than open-pit mines c. mining activities at subsurface mines produce relatively little waste rock compared to open-pit mines d. surface mining is cheaper

b. crop rotation

Desertification can be caused by all of the following except: a. overgrazing b. crop rotation c. compaction of soil due to agricultural machinery d. irrigation in arid zones

b. heavily forested ares, with many plants to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen and to provide shade for workers

Setting up a good urban site includes finding all of the following except: a. well-drained soils b. heavily forested ares, with many plants to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen and to provide shade for workers c. access to nearby suitable agricultural lands d. proximity to waterways for transportation and commerce

c. soil and rock that are in top of the coal

The most common type of mining today is surface mining. One type of surface mining, strip mining, involves removing overburden in order to get to the mineral being mined (coal, in this case) What is overburden? a. peat and low-quality coal b. sulfur and mercury which are often found with coal c. soil and rock that are in top of the coal d. houses and other buildings constructed above the coal seam

d. an increase in polyculture

Which of the following did not contribute to the Dust Bowl in the 1930s? a. poor farming practices b. lack of cove crops c. lack of irrigation d. an increase in polyculture

a. rotational grazing is used so cattle do not damage sensitive vegetation near riparian areas, thus protecting watersheds

Which of the following is true about the improved use of rangelands in the western Unite States since the 1990s? a. rotational grazing is used so cattle do not damage sensitive vegetation near riparian areas, thus protecting watersheds b. cattle are confined in animal feeds operations for the purpose of protecting rangelands for other species such as pigs c. controlled burns are regularly conducted to limit the spread of native grasses and wildflower species d. new species of highly productive grasses such as cheatgrass and sagebrush have been developed to replace native grasses that are less productive

d. rotating the type of synthetic pesticide sprayed based on temperature and humidity

Which of the following is not a component of integrated pest management? a. provide housing for pest predators such as bat houses in areas where mosquitos abundant b. physical removal of pests by vacuuming up insects or pulling of weed species c. use genetically modified plants, such as BT corn, that are designed to kill target pests d. rotating the type of synthetic pesticide sprayed based on temperature and humidity

d. supplemental forage for cattle

All of the following reduce the carrying capacity of cattle in rangelands except: a. an arid to semi-arid environment b. overgrazing c. an increased number of cattle d. supplemental forage for cattle

d. urban areas have slums with high population densities, poor sanitation, and poor healthcare

As the human population grows, people are moving from rural to urban areas. This increased urbanization around the world is linked to an increase in infectious diseases. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the relationship between urbanization and infectious disease? a. the air and pollution associated with urban areas increases the rate of lung and intestinal diseases b. the high population density increases the rate at which diseases spread throughout the city c. poor sanitation leads to rapid growth and spread of viruses and bacteria d. urban areas have slums with high population densities, poor sanitation, and poor healthcare

d. an increase in the spread of infectious diseases

City A is a small suburb that is about 10 miles from a major metropolitan area, City B. A major demographic shift is happening in this area as people move from the urban core of City B to homes in City A. City A was agricultural land before being developed. It has many of the features associated with a typical suburb including lower population density than a city and separate land use with residential-only zones and commercial zones. People are drawn to being able to own their own home, and exiting the urban core of City B as it becomes more economically troubled. Which of the following is not associated with this demographic shift? a. an increase in the cost of police and fire network infrastructure b. an increase in greenhouse gases and contribution to climate change from more dependence on automobiles c. poorer health outcomes result from a lifestyle that encourages less walking d. an increase in the spread of infectious diseases

a. there will be incentives for the owner to protect the land

Which of the following describes how private ownership of a shared resource would help in reducing effects of the tragedy of the commons? a. there will be incentives for the owner to protect the land b. people will become pitted against one another c. the owner can create unlimited access for the use of the shared resource d. the owner will have the land to themselves for self-gain

d. drip

Which of the following irrigation methods most efficiently uses water with the smallest percentage lost to evaporation? a. furrow b. flood c. spray d. drip

c. increased subsidies provided to farmers

Which of the following is not a result of the mechanization of farming practices during the Green Revolution? a. increased reliance on fossil fuels b. increased efficiency for farms c. increased subsidies provided to farmers d. increased profit for farmers

a. greater carbon sequestration

Which of the following is not an advantage of tree plantations over natural forests? a. greater carbon sequestration b. less susceptible to damage from drought c. increased profitability d. efficient application of pesticides

d. old-growth forests are also called secondary growth forests

Which of the following is not true of old-growth forests? a. old-growth forests have an open but shady understory b. old-growth forests have a closed canopy c. an old-growth forest has no major disturbances in hundreds to thousands of years d. old-growth forests are also called secondary growth forests

b. the presence of old-growth trees

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a typical tree plantation? a. low biodiversity b. the presence of old-growth trees c. monoculture d. high growth rates

c. the farmer can practice crop rotation

A farm's soil is its lifeblood. If the topsoil is eroded, it can reduce the farm's productivity .Which agricultural technique is the least effective for reducing the erosion of a farmer's field? a. the farmer can plant a windbreak of trees b. the farmer can practice contour plowing c. the farmer can practice crop rotation d. the farmer can practice no-till agriculture

b. lack of vegetation leads to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels which increase the rate of ozone construction

Agriculture and logging are the driving force behind clearing millions of acres of tropical rainforest each year. Which of the following is not a likely result of rainforest deforestation? a. a decrease in soil moisture will lead to a rapid increase in soil erosion b. lack of vegetation leads to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels which increase the rate of ozone destruction c. an increase in sediment in local waterways leads to increased turbidity and total dissolved solids d. a decrease in the amount of evapotranspiration will lead to increased shifts in local precipitation patterns

d. slows the nitrogen cycle

Fire can benefit ecosystems by all of the following except: a. activates fire dependent germination b. released nutrients from understory debris c. controls insect pests by killing older or diseased trees d. slows the nitrogen cycle

d. with fewer urbanites, social services improved the remaining population

In the United States, urban blight has increased. Which statement is not correct? a. racial segregation increased due to "white flight" b. One of the causes of urban blight is the Highway Trust Fund c. the lower cost-of-living in the suburbs attracted people who were living in urban areas d. with fewer urbanites, social services improved the remaining population

c. they will die as they are unable to absorb oxygen through their roots

When a field becomes waterlogged, which of the following consequences could it have on the plants? a. they will be able to flourish with the influx of necessary nutrients in the water b. they will be in danger of predation by schools of herbivores fish that migrate into the field with the excess water c. they will die as they are unable to absorb oxygen through their roots d. they will die as waterlogging causes immediate salinization of the soil, making it unable to support plant life

a. the Gulf of Mexico has an area at the mouth of the Mississippi River known as the dead zone due to hypoxic conditions. The lack of oxygen in this area is a result of fertilizer runoff from farmlands along the Mississippi River

Which of the following best illustrates a tragedy of the commons? a. the Gulf of Mexico has an area at the mouth of the Mississippi River known as the dead zone due to hypoxic conditions. The lack of oxygen in this area is a result of fertilizer runoff from farmlands along the Mississippi River b. a pond privately owned land is regularly overfished by the family that owns it. Every year, they buy more fish to restock the pond. No plans have been made to change these practices c. a couple decides to have a large family. Every successive birth puts more stress on the family budget as the food, space, and other resources are divided between more and more members of the group. d. a large city decides to impose greater fines for parking infractions. As a result, more people begin to use public transportation and traffic congestion is reduced.

d. the forest has changed from a carbon sink to a carbon source

Which of the following describes the influence of clearcutting a forest on climate change? a. the trees in a forest release a significant amount of CO2 b. it accelerates the rate of turbidity c. the temperature of the nearby pond will increase d. the forest has changed from a carbon sink to a carbon source

b. excessive irrigation leads to waterlogging where as evaporation leads to salinization

Which of the following is a correct statement? a. excessive irrigation leads to salinization b. excessive irrigation leads to waterlogging where as evaporation leads to salinization c. excessive irrigation leads to salinization, where as evaporation leads to nitrogen fixation d. excessive irrigation leads to salinization where as evaporation leads to eutrophication

a. depletion of aquifers in the area

Which of the following is a likely consequence of the irrigation of agricultural land over time? a. depletion of aquifers in the area b. depletion of seas in the area c. an increase in salinization of the soil d. a decrease in salinization of the sil

c. the cycle of finding a new pesticide when pests have become resistant

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop? a. a reduction in atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis b. a decrease in predators c. the cycle of finding a new pesticide when pests have become resistant d. the lowering of global temperature through photosynthesis

b. suburbanization

Which of the following is known as the high-density growth of areas on the fringes of cities? a. urbanization b. suburbanization c. fragmentation d. urban sprawl

a. it describes the movement of salt water into coastal freshwater aquifers due to the increased hydraulic pressure of salt water and human-driven depletion of freshwater

Which of the following is true about saltwater intrusion? a. it describes the movement of salt water into coastal freshwater aquifers due to the increased hydraulic pressure of salt water and human-driven depletion of freshwater b. it describes the movement of freshwater into coastal seawater due to the lower osmotic pressure of freshwater and human development of coastlines c. it describes the depletion and salinization of freshwater aquifers due to irrigation and fertilization practices in high output agricultural areas d. it describes the geological release of saltwater from highly concentrated saltwater aquifers leading to a reduced agricultural output of irrigated land

d. amount of CO2 emitted in the atmosphere

Which of the following would not be considered a factor in the size of a person's ecological footprint? a. amount of meat in the diet b. number of people in the household c. energy consumption per capita d. amount of CO2 emitted in the atmosphere